Varna Варна
The Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral
Seal
Position of Varna in Bulgaria
Coordinates: 43°13′N 27°55′E / 43.217, 27.917
Country	Bulgaria
Province	Varna Province
Government
- Mayor	Kiril Yordanov
Area
- City	205 km² (79.2 sq mi)
Elevation	80 m (262 ft)
Population (2007-12-15)
- City	349,031
- Density	1,703/km² (4,410.7/sq mi)
- Metro	416,603[1]
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Website: varna.bg

Dormition Cathedral

Stoyan Bachvarov Theatre

Varna (Bulgarian: Варна) is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, third-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv, and 81st-largest in the European Union, with a population of 349,031.^[1] The actual daily population, including commuters, is widely believed to have made it the country's second-largest city.^[2] Varna may refer to: Places Varna, Bulgaria Varna, Illinois, village in Marshall County, Illinois, USA Varna, New York, hamlet within the town of Dryden, New York, USA Varna, Ontario, village in Ontario, Canada Varna, Thessaloniki, area in the Thessaloniki Prefecture, Greece The Italian name for Vahrn, Italy Other Varna culture... Image File history File links Varna_location_in_Bulgaria. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Since 1999 Bulgaria is divided into 28 oblasts (provinces or regions) that correspond aproximatly to the 28 okrugs that existet before 1987. ... One of Byalas beaches River Kamchiya Cape Galata Varna Pobiti Kamani Euxinograd Aladzha Monastery Golden Sands Chudnite skali on Lake Tsonevo Varna Province (Bulgarian: is a province in northeastern Bulgaria, onе of the 28 Bulgarian provinces. ... This is a chronological list of mayors of Varna, the third largest city of Bulgaria, since that post was established after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries not observing daylight saving Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Eastern European Time Central Africa Time Israel Standard Time South Africa Standard Time Central European Summer Time West Africa Summer Time Category: ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (833x841, 165 KB) eo: Varno (BG), katedralo de la ĉieliro de Kristo it: Varna (BG), cattedrale dellascensione di Cristo Foto de la alŝutinto el 2005. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (833x841, 165 KB) eo: Varno (BG), katedralo de la ĉieliro de Kristo it: Varna (BG), cattedrale dellascensione di Cristo Foto de la alŝutinto el 2005. ... Image File history File links Varna-drama-theatre-ngruev. ... Image File history File links Varna-drama-theatre-ngruev. ... The Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre The Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre (Bulgarian: , Dramatichen teatar ”Stoyan Bachvarov”) is a theatre in Varna, Bulgaria, founded in 1921 as the Municipal Professional Theatre. ... The Bulgarian Black Sea Coast covers the whole eastern border of Bulgaria. ... This article is about the capital of Bulgaria. ... Plovdiv (Bulgarian: ) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia, with a population of 343,662. ... This list includes the most up-to-date official census figures or census estimates with regards to the population of the largest cities in the European Union. ... Commuters on the New York City Subway during rush hour Rush hour at Shinjuku Station, Yamanote Line Traffic jam Commuting is the process of travelling between a place of residence and a place of work. ...

Commonly referred to as the marine (or summer) capital of Bulgaria, Varna is a major tourist destination, university centre, seaport, and headquarters of the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine, as well as the centre of Varna Province and Bulgaria's North-Eastern planning region (NUTS II), comprising the provinces of Dobrich, Shumen, Targovishte, and Varna. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Port. ... The Bulgarian Army (Bulgarian: Българска армия) represents the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria. ... One of Byalas beaches River Kamchiya Cape Galata Varna Pobiti Kamani Euxinograd Aladzha Monastery Golden Sands Chudnite skali on Lake Tsonevo Varna Province (Bulgarian: is a province in northeastern Bulgaria, onе of the 28 Bulgarian provinces. ... The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) is a geocode standard for referencing the administrative division of countries for statistical purposes. ... Dobrich province shown within Bulgaria Dobrich Province is a province in northeastern Bulgaria. ... Shumen (Шумен) is a province in northeastern Bulgaria. ... Targovishte province shown within Bulgaria Targovishte (Търговищка област) is a province in central Bulgaria. ...

In April 2008, Varna was designated seat of the Black Sea Euro-Region (a new regional orgnization, not identical to the Black Sea Euroregion), by the Council of Europe.^[3] Anthem Ode to Joy (orchestral)  ten founding members joined subsequently observer at the Parliamentary Assembly observer at the Committee of Ministers  official candidate Seat Strasbourg, France Membership 47 European states 5 observers (Council) 3 observers (Assembly) Leaders  -  Secretary General Terry Davis  -  President of the Parliamentary Assembly Rene van der Linden...

Geography, climate, and transportation

Varna occupies an area of 205 km²^[4] on verdant terraces descending from the calcareous Frangen Plateau (height 356 m) along the horseshoe-shaped Varna Bay of the Black Sea, the elongated Lake Varna, and two waterways bridged by the Asparuhov most. It is the centre of a growing conurbation stretching along the seaboard 20 km north and 10 km south (mostly residential and recreational sprawl) and along the lake 25 km west (mostly transportation and industrial facilities). For other uses, see Black Sea (disambiguation). ... Lake Varna (Bulgarian: ) is the largest by volume and deepest liman or lake along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, divided from the sea by a 2 km-wide strip of sand and having an area of 17 km² and a volume of 165,000,000 m³. The lake has an... The Asparuhov most (Аспарухов мост) or Asparuhovo Bridge is a bridge in Varna on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria, connecting the Asparuhovo quarter to the rest of the city over the canal between the Black Sea and Lake Varna. ...

The urban area has in excess of 20 km of sand beaches and abounds in thermal mineral water sources. It enjoys a mild continental climate influenced by the sea with long, mild, akin to Mediterranean, autumns, and sunny yet considerably cooler than Mediterranean summers moderated by a breeze. January and February can be bitterly cold at times. Black Sea water has actually became cleaner after 1989 due to decreased chemical fertilizer usage in farming; it has low salinity, lacks large predators or poisonous species, and the tidal range is virtually imperceptible.

The city lies 470 km north-east of Sofia; the nearest major cities are Dobrich (45 km to the north), Shumen (80 km to the west), and Burgas (125 km to the south-west). Varna is accessible by air (Varna International Airport), sea (Port of Varna Cruise Terminal), railroad (Central Train Station), and automobile. Major roads include European routes E70 to Bucharest and and E87 to Istanbul and Constanta, Romania; national motorways A-2 (Hemus motorway) to Sofia and A-5 (Cherno More motorway) to Burgas. There are bus lines to many Bulgarian and international cities from two bus terminals and train ferry and ro-ro services to Odesa, Port Kavkaz, Russia, and Poti, Georgia. Varna is connected to other Black Sea cities by the submarine Black Sea Fiber Optical Cable System. Dobrich (Bulgarian: Добрич) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Dobrich Province. ... Shumen (Bulgarian: ; Turkish: ) is a city in the northeastern part of Bulgaria, capital of Shumen Province. ... Burgas (Bulgarian: , sometimes transliterated as Bourgas) is the second-largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast with population 205,821. ... Varna International Airport (IATA: VAR, ICAO: LBWN) is the airport of Varna, the sea capital of Bulgaria. ... Port of Varna and Lake Beloslav connect Varna East to Lake Varna. ... Varna Railway Station The Varna Railway Station (Bulgarian: , Zhelezopatna gara Varna) is one of the oldest railway stations in Bulgaria. ... Europes road system incorporates a series of European routes, which are numbered E1 and up. ... From west to east: La Coruña, Bilbao, San Sebastián, Bordeaux, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, Turin, Verona, Venice, Trieste, Ljubljana, Zagreb, Belgrade, TimiÅŸoara, Craiova, Bucarest, Rousse, Varna, Samsun, Trabzon, Poti. ... Nickname: Motto: Patria si Dreptul Meu (My Country and My Right) Location of Bucharest within Romania (in red) Coordinates: , Country County Founded 1459 (first official record) Government  - Mayor Adriean Videanu Area  - City 228 km² (88 sq mi)  - Metro 238 km² (91. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Constanţa (old names: Kustendji, Kustendja, Köstence, Constantza) is a seaport on the Black Sea and the capital of Constanţa county, Romania. ... Hemus motorway crossing the Balkan Mountains, between Vitinya and Botevgrad The Hemus motorway or Haemus motorway (автомагистрала „Хемус“), designated A2, is a motorway currently under construction in Bulgaria. ... The Bulgarian road network The Cherno More motorway or the Black Sea motorway (Bulgarian: ) is a Bulgarian motorway planned to link the major coastal cities of Varna and Burgas, passing along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. ... Odessa or Odesa (Ukrainian Одеса, Russian Одесса, Turkish Hacıbey) is a Ukrainian portcity on the Black Sea and the center of countrys Odeska oblast. Population 1,012,500 (2004). ... Port Kavkaz (in Russian, Порт Кавказ) is a small harbour on the Kerch Strait in Krasnodar Krai (Russia). ... Poti (Georgian: ფოთი, Poti) is a city in the Samegrelo province in the west of Republic of Georgia. ...

The public transit system (map) is extensive and reasonably priced, with over 80 local and express bus, electrical bus, and fixed-route minibus lines; there is a large fleet of taxicabs. In 2007, a number of double-decker buses were purchased; the mayor vowed that by summer 2008, all city buses would be retrofitted with air conditioners and later fueled by methane.

Climate chart

Varna Bay

Cape Galata lighthouses

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 2208 KB) Cape Galata - Black Sea, Varna, Bulgaria. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 2208 KB) Cape Galata - Black Sea, Varna, Bulgaria. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ...

History

Remains of ancient Roman Odessus

Thermae west apodyterium with St. Athanasius church bell tower in the background

Memorial of the Battle of Varna of 1444 carved into an ancient Thracian burial mound

An Ottoman-era townhouse

City map of 1897

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Roman public baths in Bath, England. ... The apodyterium was the primary entry in the baths, comprised of a large changing room with cubicles or shelves where citizens could store clothing and other belongings while bathing. ... Athanasius of Alexandria (Greek: Αθανάσιος, Athanásios; c 293 – May 2, 373) was a Christian bishop, the Bishop of Alexandria, in the fourth century. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 924 KB) Summary Memorial of the battle of Varna, which took place on 10 November 1444 near Varna, Bulgaria. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 924 KB) Summary Memorial of the battle of Varna, which took place on 10 November 1444 near Varna, Bulgaria. ... Combatants Hungary, Poland and others Ottoman Empire Commanders Władysław III of Poland † Janos Hunyadi Murad II Strength ~ 20,000 ~ 60,000[1][2] Casualties ~ 11,000 ~ 8,000 The Battle of Varna took place on November 10, 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. ... Thracian peltast, fifth to fourth century BC. Thracian Roman era heros (Sabazius) stele. ... A tumulus (plural tumuli, from the Latin word for mound or small hill, from the root to bulge, swell also found in ) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. ...

Antiquity and Bulgarian conquest

See also: Varna Necropolis

Varna is among Europe's oldest cities. Miletians founded the apoikia (trading colony) of Odessos in 570 BCE (in the time of Astyages) at the site of an earlier Thracian settlement. The name Odessos, first mentioned by Strabo, was pre-Greek, perhaps of Carian origin. Long before the Thracians populated the area by 1200 BCE, several prehistoric settlements best known for the eneolithic necropolis, eponymous site of the Varna culture and the world's oldest large find of gold artifacts (mid-5th millennium BCE radiocarbon dating), existed within modern city limits. Odessos was the most important member of the Pontic Pentapolis and a contact zone between the urban Ionians and the Thracians (Getae, Crobyzi, Terizi) of the hinterland—a mixed Greco-Thracian community (see also Darzalas). The Varna Necropolis (Bulgarian: ) is a burial site in the western industrial zone of Varna (approximately half a kilometre from Lake Varna and 4 km from the city centre), Bulgaria. ... The lower half of the benches and the remnants of the scene building of the theater of Miletus (August 2005) Miletus (Carian: Anactoria Hittite: Milawata or Millawanda, Greek: Μίλητος transliterated Miletos, Turkish: Milet) was an ancient city on the western coast of Anatolia (in what is now Aydin Province, Turkey), near... This article is about a city in Bulgaria. ... Astyages (so-called by Herodotos; called Astyigas by Ctesias, and Aspadas by Diodorus; Akkadian: Ishtumegu) (reigned 585 BCE-550 BCE) was the son of King Cyaxares, and the last king of the Median Empire. ... The Thracians were an Indo-European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present-day Bulgaria, Romania, northeastern Greece, European Turkey and northwestern asiatic Turkey, eastern Serbia and parts of Republic of Macedonia). ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... The Carians (Greek Καρες Kares, or Καρικοι Karikoi) were the eponymous inhabitants of Caria. ... The Chalcolithic (Greek khalkos + lithos copper stone) period, also known as the Eneolithic or Copper Age period, is a phase in the development of human culture in which the use of early metal tools appeared alongside the use of stone tools. ... The Varna Necropolis (Bulgarian: ) is a burial site in the western industrial zone of Varna (approximately half a kilometre from Lake Varna and 4 km from the city centre), Bulgaria. ... The Varna culture belongs to the late Eneolithic of Northern Bulgaria. ... A Pentapolis, from the Greek words penta five and polis city(-state) is geographic and/or institutional grouping of five cities. ... Location of Ionia Ionia (Greek Ιωνία; see also list of traditional Greek place names) was an ancient region of southwestern coastal Anatolia (in present-day Turkey, the region nearest Ä°zmir,) on the Aegean Sea. ... The Getae (Γέται, singular Γέτης; Getae) was the name given by the Greeks to several Thracian tribes that occupied the regions south of the Lower Danube, in what is today northern Bulgaria, and north of the Lower Danube, in the Muntenian plain (todays southern Romania), and especially near modern Dobruja. ... The meaning of hinterland and its history. ... Derzelas (Darzalas)was a Thracian chtonic god of health and human spirits vitality, also known under the names of Great God Gebeleizis, Derzis or the Thracian Knight. ...

In 339 BCE, the city was unsuccessfully besieged by Philip II but surrendered to Alexander the Great in 335 BC, and was later ruled by his diadochus Lysimachus. The Roman city, Odessus (first included into the Praefectura orae maritimae, then in 15 CE annexed to the province of Moesia, later Moesia Inferior), occupied 47 hectares in present-day central Varna and had prominent public baths, Thermae, erected in the late 2nd century, now the largest Roman remains in Bulgaria (the building was 100 m wide, 70 m long, and 25 m high) and fourth-largest known Roman baths in Europe. Philip II of Macedon: victory medal (niketerion) struck in Tarsus, 2nd c. ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... In general Diadochi (in Greek Διάδοχοι, transcripted Diadochoi) means successors, such that the neoplatonic refounders of Platos Academy in Late Antiquity referred to themselves as diadochi (of Plato). ... Lysimachus (c. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Moesia (Greek: , Moisia; Bulgarian: Мизия, Miziya; Serbian: Мезија, Mezija) is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Roman public baths in Bath, England. ...

Odessus was an early Christian centre, as testified by ruins of perhaps ten early basilicas [2], a monastery, and indications that one of the Seventy Disciples, Ampliatus, follower of Saint Andrew (who, according to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church legend, preached in the city in 56 CE), served as bishop there. In 442, a peace treaty between Theodosius II and Attila was done at Odessus. In 536, Justinian I made it the seat of the Quaestura exercitus including Moesia, Scythia, Caria, the Aegean Islands and Cyprus. The Seventy Disciples or Seventy-two Disciples were early followers of Jesus mentioned in the Gospel of Luke . ... Ampliatus (Amplias in the King James Version), was a Roman Christian mentioned by Paul in one of his letters. ... Saint Andrew (Greek: Ανδρέας, Andreas), called in the Orthodox tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Apostle and the elder brother of Saint Peter. ... The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Bulgarian: , Bylgarska pravoslavna cyrkva) is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church with some 6. ... Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius II (April, 401 - July 28, 450 ). The eldest son of Eudoxia and Arcadius who at the age of 7 became the Roman Emperor of the East. ... For other uses, see Attila (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Roman emperor. ... Approximate extent of Scythia and Sarmatia in the 1st century BC (the orange background shows the spread of Eastern Iranian languages, among them Scytho-Sarmatian). ... Aegean Sea Islands: map showing island groups. ...

Theophanes the Confessor first mentioned the name Varna, as the city came to be known with the Slavic conquest of the Balkans in the 6th-7th century. The name may be older than that; perhaps it derives from Proto-Indo-European root we-r- (water) [3] (see also Varuna). In 681, Asparukh, the founder of the First Bulgarian Empire, routed an army of Constantine IV north of the Danube delta and reached the so-called Varna near Odessos. Recent scholarship has suggested that the first Bulgarian capital was perhaps located around Varna before it moved to Pliska. Asparukh fortified the Varna river lowland by a rampart against a possible Byzantine naval landing; several 7th-century Bulgar settlements have been excavated. Saint Theophanes the Confessor (about 758/760, Constantinople - March 17, 817 or 818, Samothrace) was an aristocratic but ascetic Byzantine monk and chronicler. ... Look up Appendix:Proto-Indo-European roots in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In Vedic religion, Varuna (Devanagari:वरुण, IAST:) is a god of the sky, of rain and of the celestial ocean, as well as a god of law and of the underworld. ... Khan Asparukh or Khan Asparoukh or Khan Asparuh (Bulgarian: Аспарух) (d. ... Imperial Emblem Bulgarian Empire at its greatest extent c. ... Constantine IV on a contemporary coin Constantine IV (649-685); sometimes incorrectly called Pogonatus, meaning the Bearded, like his father; was Byzantine emperor from 668-685. ... Pliska (Bulgarian. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Not to be confused with Bulgarians. ...

Middle Ages

Control changed from Byzantine to Bulgarian hands several times during the Middle Ages. In the late 9th and the 10th century, Varna was the site of a principal scriptorium of the Preslav Literary School in a monastery founded by Boris I who may have used it as his monastic retreat. In 1201, Kaloyan took over the fortress on Holy Saturday using a siege tower, and annexed it to the Second Bulgarian Empire. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... A Scriptorium was a room or building, usually within a Christian monastery where, during medieval times, manuscripts were written. ... Ceramic icon of St. ... Boris I Michail or Boris I Michael (Bulgarian Борис I Михаил)(d. ... Kaloyan Asen, Kalojan, Johannizza, John, The Romankiller (c. ... Holy Saturday is the day before Easter in the Christian calendar. ... 19th century French drawing of a medieval belfry. ... Imperial Emblem (under the Shisman Dynasty) Bulgarian Empire c. ...

By the late 13th and 14th century, it had turned into a thriving commercial hub frequented by Genoese, Venetian and Ragusan merchant ships (the three republics held consulates and had expatriate colonies there) and flanked by two fortresses with smaller ports of their own, Kastritsi and Galata, within sight of each other. Wheat and other local agricultural produce for the Italian and Constantinople markets were the chief exports, and Mediterranean foods and luxury items were imported. Shipbuilding developed in the Kamchiya river mouth. The Republic of Genoa, in full the Most Serene Republic of Genoa (known as the Ligurian Republic from 1798 to 1805) was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from ca. ... Borders of the Republic of Venice in 1796 Capital Venice Language(s) Venetian, Latin, Italian Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic Doge  - 1789–97 Ludovico Manin History  - Established 697  - Treaty of Zara June 27, 1358  - Treaty of Leoben April 17, 1797 * Traditionally, the establishment of the Republic is dated to 697. ... Borders of the Republic of Ragusa, 1426-1808 Capital Ragusa Language(s) Latin, Italian since 1492 Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic Duke  - 1808 Auguste Marmont Historical era Renaissance  - Treaty of Zara June 27, 1358  - Invasion by France January 31, 1808  - Annexed October 14, 1808 Area  - 1808? 1,500 km2 579... The Kamchiya (also Kamchia and Kamčija, Bulgarian: Камчия) is a 244. ...

14th-century Italian portolan charts showed Varna as perhaps the most important seaport between Constantinople and the Danube delta; they usually labeled the region Zagora. The city was unsuccessfully besieged by Amadeus VI of Savoy in 1366; in 1386, it briefly became the capital of the spinoff Principality of Karvuna, then was taken over by the Ottomans in 1389 (and again in 1444), ceded temporarily to Manuel II Palaiologos in 1413 (perhaps until 1444), and sacked by Tatars in 1414. A Japanese portolan chart of the Indian Ocean, early 17th century A portolan (derived from the Latin word portus, port) is an early modern European navigation chart, dating from the thirteenth century or later, in manuscript, usually with rhumb lines, shorelines and place names. ... This article is about the city before the Fall of Constantinople (1453). ... Coat of Arms of the Counts of Savoy Amadeus VI (January 4, 1334 - March 1, 1383), surnamed the Green Count was Count of Savoy from 1343 to 1383. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923... Emperor Manuel II Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Μανουήλ Β΄ Παλαιολόγος, ManouÄ“l II Palaiologos) (June 27, 1350 – July 21, 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425. ... This article is about the people. ...

Battle of Varna

Main article: Battle of Varna

On November 10, 1444, one of the last major battles of the Crusades in European history was fought outside the city walls. The Turks routed an army of 20,000 crusaders^[6] led by Ladislaus III of Poland (also Ulászló I of Hungary), which had assembled at the port to set sail to Constantinople. The Christian army was attacked by a superior force of 55,000 or 60,000 Ottomans led by sultan Murad II. Ladislaus III was killed in a bold attempt to capture the sultan, earning the sobriquet Warneńczyk (of Varna in Polish; he is also known as Várnai Ulászló in Hungarian or Ladislaus Varnensis in Latin). The failure of the Crusade of Varna made the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 all but inevitable, and Varna (with all of Bulgaria) was to remain under Ottoman domination for over four centuries. Today, there is a cenotaph of Ladislaus III in Varna. Combatants Hungary, Poland and others Ottoman Empire Commanders WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw III of Poland † Janos Hunyadi Murad II Strength ~ 20,000 ~ 60,000[1][2] Casualties ~ 11,000 ~ 8,000 The Battle of Varna took place on November 10, 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 2 - Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg proclaimed commander of the Albanian resistance April 16 - Truce of Tours. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... Categories: Poland-related stubs | 1424 births | 1444 deaths | Hungarian monarchs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Sieradz-Leczyca ... Murad II (June 1404, Amasya – February 3, 1451, Edirne) (Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثانى Murād-ı sānÄ«, Turkish:) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1451 (except for a period from 1444 to 1446). ... The Crusade of Varna was a string of events in 1443-1444 between the Kingdom of Hungary, the Serbian Despotate, and the Ottoman Empire. ... The Cenotaph, London. ...

Late Ottoman rule

The Russians temporarily took over the city in 1773 and again in 1828, following the prolonged Siege of Varna, returning it to the Ottomans in 1830 after its medieval fortress was razed. The British and French campaigning against Russia in the Crimean War (1854-1856) used Varna as headquarters and principal naval base; many soldiers died of cholera and the city was devastated by a fire. In 1866, the first railroad in Bulgarian lands connected Varna with the port of Rousse on the Danube, linking the Ottoman capital Istanbul with Central Europe; for a few years, the Orient Express ran through that route. The port of Varna developed as a major supplier of food—notably wheat from the adjacent breadbasket region of Southern Dobruja—to Istanbul, and as a busy hub for European imports to the capital; 12 foreign consulates opened in the city. Siege of Varna (July — September 29, 1828) was a war episode during the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... Dohodno Zdanie is a theatre building which is considered a symbol of the city Rousse (also transliterated as Ruse or Russe; Bulgarian: ; formerly also Rustchuk) is the fifth-largest city in Bulgaria, with a population of 176,115. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... For other uses, see Orient Express (disambiguation). ... Southern Dobruja (Южна Добруджа, Yuzhna Dobrudzha in Bulgarian, Dobrogea de sud or Cadrilater in Romanian) is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria comprising the administrative districts named for its two principal cities of Dobrich and Silistra. ...

Liberated Bulgaria

With the national liberation in 1878, the city, which numbered 25-26 thousand inhabitants, was ceded to Bulgaria by the Treaty of Berlin; Russian troops entered on July 27. Varna became a front city in the First Balkan War and the First World War; its economy was badly affected by the temporary loss of its agrarian hinterland of Southern Dobruja to Romania (1913-16 and 1919-40). In the Second World War, the Red Army occupied the city in September 1944, helping cement communist rule in Bulgaria. In Bulgarian historiography, the term Liberation of Bulgaria is used to denote the events of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 that led to the establishment of a Bulgarian state with the Treaty of San Stefano of 3 March 1878. ... The separate Bulgaria after The Treatry of Berlin - Lithography Nikolay Pavlovich The Treaty of Berlin was the final Act of the Congress of Berlin (June 13-July 13, 1878), by which the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman government under Sultan Hamid revised the Treaty... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Belligerents Ottoman Empire Balkan League: Bulgaria Greece Montenegro Serbia Commanders Nazim Pasha, Zekki Pasha, Essad Pasha, Abdullah Pasha, Ali Rizah Pasha Ivan Fichev, Vasil Kutinchev, Nikola Ivanov, Radko Dimitriev, Georgi Todorov Crown Prince Constantine, Panagiotis Danglis, Pavlos Kountouriotis King Nicholas I, Prince Danilo Petrović, Mitar Martinović, Janko Vukotić Radomir Putnik... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ...

Over the first decades afer the 1878 liberation, with the departure of most ethnic Turks and Greeks and the arrival of Bulgarians from inland, Northern Dobruja, Bessarabia, and Asia Minor, and later, of refugees from Macedonia, Eastern Thrace and Southern Dobruja following the Second Balkan War and the First World War, ethnic diversity gave way to Bulgarian predominance, although sizeable minorities of Gagauz, Armenians, and Sephardic Jews remained for decades. Map of Romania with Northern Dobruja highlighted in orange and Bulgaria with Southern Dobruja highlighted in yellow. ... 1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia (Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian, Besarabya in Turkish) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ... Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak  Thrace (Bulgarian: , Greek: , Attic Greek: ThrāíkÄ“ or ThrēíkÄ“, Latin: , Turkish: ) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ... Combatants Bulgaria Greece Serbia Montenegro Romania Ottoman Empire Commanders Mihail Savov, Nikola Ivanov, Vasil Kutinchev, Radko Dimitriev King Constantine, Radomir Putnik, Crown Prince Ferdinand, Alexandru Averescu Strength 500,000 men Serbia 220,000 men, Romania 300,000 men, Greece 150,000 men, Montenegro 12,000 men The Second Balkan War... The Gagauz are a minority Turkic people in southern Moldova (in Gagauzia) and southwestern Ukraine (in Budjak) that numbers around 250,000. ... In the strictest sense, a Sephardi (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Səfardim, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardîm) is a Jew original to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal: ספרד, Standard Hebrew Səfárad, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄áraḏ / Səp̄āraḏ), or whose ancestors were among the Jews expelled from...

One of the early centres of industrial development and the Bulgarian labor movement, Varna established itself as the nation's principal port of export, a major grain producing and viticulture centre, seat of the nation's oldest institution of higher learning outside Sofia, a popular venue for international festivals and events, as well as the country's de facto summer capital with the erection of the Euxinograd royal summer palace (currently, the Bulgarian government convenes summer sesions there). Mass tourism emerged since the late 1950s. wine grapes Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) is the science, production and study of grapes which deals with the series of events that occur in the vineyard. ... Euxinograd (Bulgarian Cyrillic Евксиноград, also transliterated as Evksinograd or Euxinograde) is a former Bulgarian royal summer palace and park on the Black Sea, 8 km north of Varna, near Kamchia. ...

In 1962, the 15th Chess Olympiad, also known as the World Team Championship, was here. In 1969 and 1987, Varna was the host of the World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships. From September 30 to October 4, 1973, the 10th Olympic Congress took place in the Sports Palace. The Chess Olympiad is a chess event which has been officially organised by FIDE since 1927 and takes place in even years. ... Rhythmic gymnasts from Greece in the 2000 Sydney Olympics Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which single competitors or pairs, trios or even more manipulate one or two apparatuses: Ball, Clubs, Hoop, Ribbon, and Rope. ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... The Olympic Congress is a vast gathering of the Olympic Movement, which happens on an irregular basis, but generally every ten years or so during the last few decades. ...

Varna is running for European Capital of Culture for 2019. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one year during which it is given a chance to showcase its cultural life and cultural development. ...

Economy

One of Varna's beaches

Port of Varna East will be converted into a cruise terminal-cum-yacht marina

A new "lifestyle" shopping mall in the Mladost district

The Palace of Culture and Sports also hosts trade shows

Varna is the second most important economic centre for Bulgaria after Sofia [4] and one of the major hubs for the Black Sea region. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1015 KB) Description Varna, la plage. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1015 KB) Description Varna, la plage. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 577 pixelsFull resolution (1393 × 1005 pixel, file size: 197 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photography & Art: Kosi Gramatikoff User:Kosigrim; Location: Port Varna, Varna, Bulgaria. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 577 pixelsFull resolution (1393 × 1005 pixel, file size: 197 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photography & Art: Kosi Gramatikoff User:Kosigrim; Location: Port Varna, Varna, Bulgaria. ... Port of Varna and Lake Beloslav connect Varna East to Lake Varna. ...

The economy is service-based, with 61% of net revenue generated in trade and tourism, 16% in manufacturing, 14% in transportation and communications, and 6% in construction [5]. The city is the easternmost destination of Pan-European transport corridor 8 and is connected to corridors 7 and 9 via Rousse. Major industries traditionally include transportation (Navibulgar, Port of Varna, Varna International Airport), distribution (Logistics Park Varna [6]), shipbuilding (see also Oceanic-Creations), ship repair, and other marine industries. The ten Pan-European transport corridors were defined at the second Pan-European transport Conference in Crete, March 1994, as routes in Central and Eastern Europe that required major investment over the next ten to fifteen years. ... Men from Francisco de Orellanas expedition building a small brigantine, the San Pedro, to be used in the search for food Shipbuilding is the construction of ships. ... Oceanic-Creations AB is a company based in Sweden, founded in 1986 around the so-called Oceanic-Creations Composite Technology (OCCT), a special process for producing a carbon fibre based construction material. ...

In June of 2007, Eni and Gazprom disclosed the South Stream project whereby a 900 km-long offshore natural gas pipeline from Russia's Dzhubga with annual capacity of 31 cubic kilometers is planned to come ashore at Varna, possibly near the Galata offshore gas field, en route to Italy and Austria. Ente nazionale idrocarburi http://fr. ... Gazprom (LSE: OGZD; Russian: , sometimes transcribed as Gasprom) is the largest Russian company and the biggest extractor of natural gas in the world. ... South Stream (Russian: ) is a proposed gas pipeline to transport Russian natural gas to Italy. ...

With the nearby towns of Beloslav and Devnya, Varna forms the Varna-Devnya Industrial Complex, home to some of the largest chemical, power, and manufacturing facilities in Bulgaria, including Varna Thermal Pover Plant and Sodi Devnya, the two largest cash privatization deals in Bulgaria's recent history. Beloslav (Bulgarian: Белослав) is an industrial town in Northeastern Bulgaria, in Varna oblast, 19 km west of downtown Varna and 5 km east of Devnya. ... Devnya (Bulgarian: ) is a town in Varna Province, located in northeastern Bulgaria. ... The Devnya Industrial Complex consists of some of the most important factories and companies in the chemical industrial sector of Bulgaria. ...

Tourism is of foremost importance with the suburban beachfront resorts of Golden Sands, Holiday Club Riviera, Sunny Day, Constantine and Helena, and others with a total capacity of over 60,000 beds (2006), attracting millions of visitors each year (4.74 million in 2006, 3.99 million of which international tourists [7]). The resorts received considerable internal and foreign investment in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and are environmentally sound, being located reassuringly far from chemical and other smokestack industries. Varna is also Bulgaria's only international cruise destination (with over 30 cruises scheduled for 2007) and a major international convention and spa centre. Kempinski Hotel Grand Hermitage A beach at Holiday Club Riviera Beach Golden Sands (Bulgarian: Златни пясъци, Zlatni pyasatsi; German: Goldstrand, Russian: Золотые пески, Zolotyye peski; Romanian: Nisipurile de aur; Polish: Złote piaski; Czech: Zlaté Písky; Finnish: Kultahietikko; French:Sables dor is a resort town on the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast... St. ... A cruise ship or a cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ships amenities are considered an essential part of the experience. ...

Real estate boomed in 2003-2008 with some of the highest prices in the nation, by fall 2007 surpassing Sofia. Commercial real estate is developing major international office tower projects [8], [9], [10].

In retail, the city not only has the assortment of international big-box retailers [11] now ubiquitous in larger Bulgarian cities, but boasts made-in-Varna national chains with locations spreading over the country such as retailer Piccadilly, restaurateur Happy, and pharmacy chain Sanita. Piccadilly (Пикадили) is a Bulgarian supermarket chain based in Varna. ...

In early 2008, there were two shopping malls operating and another five projects in various stages of development, turning Varna into an attractive international shopping destination (Pfohe Mall, Central Plaza, Mall of Varna, Grand Mall, Gallery Mall, Cherno More Park, and Varna Towers) [12], plus a retail park under development outside town.

The city has many of the finest eateries in the nation and abounds in ethnic food places.

Economically, Varna is among the best-performing and fastest-growing Bulgarian cities; unemployment, at 2.34% (2007), is over 3 times lower than the nation's rate; in 2007, median salary was the highest [13], on a par with Sofia and Burgas. Many Bulgarians regard Varna as a boom town; some, including from Sofia and Plovdiv, but mostly from Dobrich, Shumen, and the greater region, are relocating.

In September 2004, FDI Magazine (a Financial Times Business Ltd publication) proclaimed Varna South-eastern Europe City of the Future [14] citing its strategic location, fast-growing economy, rich cultural heritage and higher education. In April 2007, rating agency Standard & Poor's announced that it had raised its long-term issue credit rating for Varna to BB+ from BB, declaring the city’s outlook "stable" and praising its "improved operating performance" [15]. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. ... The Financial Times (FT) is a British international business newspaper. ... Publications Standard & Poors publishes a weekly (48 times a year) stock market analysis newsletter called The Outlook, which is issued both in print and online to subscribers. ...

In December 2007, Varna was voted "Best City in Bulgaria to Live In" [16] by a national poll by Darik Radio, the 24 Chasa daily and the information portal darik.news. Darik Radio is a Bulgarian Radio Station, specializing in news and comments from Bulgaria. ... 24 Chasa (Cyrillic: 24 часа, translated as 24 Hours) is one of the largest-circulation Bulgarian daily newspapers. ...

Population

The first population data date back to the mid-1600s when the town was thought to have about 4,000 inhabitants [17]. After the Liberation in 1878, the first population census in 1881 counted 24,555 [18] making it the second-largest in the Principality. With Unification, Varna became Bulgaria's third-largest city and kept this position steadily for the following 120 years, while different cities took turns in first, second, and fourth places. The Treaty of San Stefano of March 3, 1878 provided for an independent Bulgarian state, which spanned over the geographical regions of Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia. ... A map of the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia before the Unification. ...

Varna is officially (according to GRAO and NSI) the third-largest city by permanent address, but various sources, including Bulgarian National Television, national newspapers, marketing research, the mayor's office and local police, claim it has a daily population, including commuters, of over 520,000 (considerably more in summer[19]), making it the second-largest city. Deputy Mayor Venelin Zhechev, who is also chief architect, reported population of about 650,000 [20].

The metro area (including Varna municipality and adjacent parts of Aksakovo, Avren, Beloslav, and Devnya municipalities, and excluding adjacent parts of Dobrich Province) population is estimated by official data (permanent address) at about 416,000.^[1] Here, the "Varna-Devnya-Provadiya agglomeration" is not considered identical to "Varna metro area". This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Dobrich province shown within Bulgaria Dobrich Province is a province in northeastern Bulgaria. ... Provadiya (Bulgarian: ) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province, located in a deep karst gorge along the Provadiya River not far from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. ... In the study of human settlements, an agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and any suburbs or adjacent satellite towns. ...

Varna is one of the few cities in Bulgaria with a positive population growth and new children's day care centers opening.[21]

Most Varnians are ethnic Bulgarians (85.3% in the province, but perhaps a higher percentage in the city[22]). Turks traditionally rank second (8.1% in the province, perhaps less in the city); by 2007, Russians and other Russian-speaking recent immigrants, estimated at over 20,000, may have outnumbered them. There are smaller numbers of Roma, mostly in three distinctive ethnic neighborhoods: Maksuda; Rozova Dolina in the Asparuhovo district; and part of the Vladislavovo district. Armenians, Greeks, Jews, and other long-standing ethnic groups are also present, plus a growing number of new Asian and African immigrants and corporate expatriates. The Roma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rom, sometimes Rroma, and Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies in English, and as Tsigany in most of Europe. ... Languages Historical Jewish languages Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino, others Liturgical languages: Hebrew and Aramaic Predominant spoken languages: The vernacular language of the home nation in the Diaspora, significantly including English, Hebrew, Yiddish, and Russian Religions Judaism Related ethnic groups Arabs and other Semitic groups For the Jewish religion, see Judaism. ... For the band, see Expatriate (band). ...

Historical population

Sights

The Archaeological Museum occupies an ornate 19-century former girls' school

Euxinograd palace

Central Train Station

Post-liberation mansion on Prince Boris I Boulevard

Turn of the century apartment building on Exarch Joseph Circle

Cathedral dome

Debar school wood-carved iconostasis

City landmarks include the Varna Archaeological Museum, exhibiting the Gold of Varna, the Roman Baths, the Battle of Varna Park Museum, the Naval Museum in the Italianate Villa Assareto displaying the museum ship Drazki torpedo boat, the Museum of Ethnography in an Ottoman-period compound featuring the life of local urban dwellers, fisherfolk, and peasants in the late 19th and early 20th century. The Varna Archaeological Museum The Varna Archaeological Museum (Bulgarian: , Arheologicheski muzey Varna) is an archaeological museum in the city of Varna on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. ... Image File history File links Euxinograd-palace-benkovski. ... Image File history File links Euxinograd-palace-benkovski. ... Euxinograd (Bulgarian Cyrillic Евксиноград, also transliterated as Evksinograd or Euxinograde) is a former Bulgarian royal summer palace and park on the Black Sea, 8 km north of Varna, near Kamchia. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 501 KB) Railway Station of Varna selfmade photo File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Varna Varna Railway Station Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 501 KB) Railway Station of Varna selfmade photo File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Varna Varna Railway Station Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added... Varna Railway Station The Varna Railway Station (Bulgarian: , Zhelezopatna gara Varna) is one of the oldest railway stations in Bulgaria. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 446 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 446 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... For other uses, see Dome (disambiguation). ... Debar on the map of Republic of Macedonia Debar (Cyrillic: Дебар) is a city in the western part of the Republic of Macedonia, near the border with Albania, on the road from the city of Struga to the city of Gostivar. ... Carved wooden cranes Wood carving is a form of working wood by means of a cutting tool held in the hand (this may be a power tool), resulting in a wooden figure or figurine (this may be abstract in nature) or in the ornamentation of a wooden object. ... 17th-century iconostasis of Prophet Elias church, Yaroslavl. ... The Varna Archaeological Museum The Varna Archaeological Museum (Bulgarian: , Arheologicheski muzey Varna) is an archaeological museum in the city of Varna on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. ... The Varna Necropolis (Bulgarian: ) is a burial site in the western industrial part of Varna (approximately half a kilometre from Lake Varna), Bulgaria. ... Roman public baths in Bath, England. ... Combatants Hungary, Poland and others Ottoman Empire Commanders Władysław III of Poland † Janos Hunyadi Murad II Strength ~ 20,000 ~ 60,000[1][2] Casualties ~ 11,000 ~ 8,000 The Battle of Varna took place on November 10, 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. ... USS Wisconsin, one of three Iowa class battleships opened to the public as a museum, and was one of two Iowas maintained in the US Mothball fleet. ... Drazki (Bulgarian language: Дръзки; also transliterated as Druzki, translated in English as Intrepid) was a Bulgarian Navy torpedo boat from the beginning of the 20th century still extant today as a museum ship. ...

See also: Sea Garden (Varna)

The Sea Garden is the oldest and perhaps largest park in town containing an open-air theatre (venue of the International Ballet Competition, opera performances and concerts), an aquarium (opened 1912), a dolphinarium (opened 1984), the Nicolaus Copernicus Observatory and Planetarium, the Museum of Natural History, a terrarium, a zoo, an alpineum, a children's amusement park, and other attractions. The National Revival Alley is decorated with bronze monuments to prominent Bulgarians, and the Cosmonauts' Alley contains trees planted by Yuri Gagarin and other Soviet cosmonauts in the 1960s. The Garden is a national monument of landscape architecture. The entrance to the Sea Garden The sundial with the observatory in the background A turn-of-the-century house by Peter Paul Brang, the former headquarters of Radio Varna, next to the garden. ... “Aquaria” redirects here. ... Dolphinarium is a great aquarium for dolphins. ... “Gagarin” redirects here. ... U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit. ...

The waterfront promenade is lined by a string of beach clubs offering a vibrant scene of rock, hip-hop, Bulgarian and American-style pop, techno, and chalga. In October 2006, The Independent dubbed Varna "Europe's new funky-town, the good-time capital of Bulgaria"[23]. It enjoys a nationwide reputation for its rock and hip-hop artists and related events such as July Morning, international rock and hip-hop (including graffiti[24]) venues. Chalga (Чалга) is a form of Bulgarian music a mixture of Balkan folk, incorporating a blend of Arabic, Turkish, Greek, and Roma (Gypsy) influences, as well as motifs from Balkan traditional music, even flamenco and klezmer music. ... For other uses, see The Independent (disambiguation). ... In Bulgaria, there is a tradition called July Morning dating from the hippy period in 1980s and maybe as far back as the 1970s. ...

The city beaches, also known as sea baths (морски бани, morski bani), are dotted with hot sulphuric mineral water sources (used for spas, swimming pools and public showers) and punctured by small sheltered marinas. Additionally, the 2.05 km long, 52 m high Asparuhov most bridge is a popular spot for bungee jumping. Outside the city are the Euxinograd palace, park and winery, the University of Sofia Botanical Garden (Ecopark Varna), the Pobiti Kamani rock phenomenon, and the medieval cave monastery, Aladzha. The Asparuhov most (Аспарухов мост) or Asparuhovo Bridge is a bridge in Varna on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria, connecting the Asparuhovo quarter to the rest of the city over the canal between the Black Sea and Lake Varna. ... Bungee Jump in Normandy, France (Souleuvre Viaduct) Bungee jumping (or bungy jumping) is the sport that originated from New Zealand and was created by maverick daredevil A J Hackett, and his original jump from a bridge in Greenhithe, Auckland. ... Euxinograd (Bulgarian Cyrillic Евксиноград, also transliterated as Evksinograd or Euxinograde) is a former Bulgarian royal summer palace and park on the Black Sea, 8 km north of Varna, near Kamchia. ... The main entrance of the university building The Saint Clement of Ohrid University of Sofia or Sofia University (Софийски университет св. Климент Охридски, Sofiyski universitet sv. ... Pobiti Kamani Pobiti Kamani (Bulgarian: ) is a rock phenomenon located in Varna Province, Bulgaria, on the road between Varna and Sofia around several villages just west of Varna. ... A cave monastery is basically a monastery built in caves, with possible outside facilities. ... Aladzha Monastery from within Monastic cells Aladzha Monastery is a medieval Orthodox Christian cave monastery complex in northeastern Bulgaria, 17 km north of central Varna and 3 km west of Golden Sands beachfront resort. ...

Churches

See also: Dormition Cathedral, Varna

Notable old Bulgarian Orthodox temples include the metropolitan Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral (of the diocese of Varna and Veliki Preslav); the early 17th-century Theotokos Panagia (built on the site of an earlier church where Ladislaus III was perhaps buried); the St. Athanasius (former Greek metropolitan cathedral) on the footprint of a razed 10th-century church; the 15th-century St. Petka Parashkeva chapel; the seamen's church of Saint Nicholas; the Archangel Michael chapel, site of the first Bulgarian secular school from the National Revival era; and the Sts. Constantine and Helena church of the 16th-century suburban monastery of the same name. The Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral The Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral (Катедрален храм Успение Пресвятия Богородици or Катедрален храм Успение Богородично) is the largest and most famous Bulgarian Orthodox cathedral in the Bulgarian Black Sea port city of Varna, officially opened on 30 August 1886. ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... Preslav ( Bulgarian: Преслав) was capital of the First Bulgarian Empire from 893 to 972. ... Athanasius of Alexandria (Greek: Αθανάσιος, Athanásios; c 293 – May 2, 373) was a Christian bishop, the Bishop of Alexandria, in the fourth century. ... Aghia Paraskevi and votive objects Aghia Paraskevi (or Saint Paraskeva) is a saint recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... For other uses, see Nicholas. ... Guido Renis archangel Michael (in the Capuchin church of Sta. ... The Bulgarian national revival (Vazrazdane) was a period of socio-economic development and national integration among Bulgarian people in the Ottoman Empire. ... Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[2] (27 February c. ... Flavia Iulia Helena, also known as Saint Helena, Saint Helen, Helena Augusta or Helena of Constantinople (ca. ...

The remains of a large 4th-5th-century basilica in Dzhanavara Park just south of town are becoming a tourist destination with some exquisite mosaics displayed in situ. The remains of another massive 9th-century basilica adjacent to the scriptorium at Boris I's Theotokos Panagia monastery are being excavated and conserved. A 4th-5th-century episcopal basilica north of the Thermae is also being restored. There is also a number of newer Orthodox temples; two, dedicated to apostle Andrew and the local martyr St. Procopius of Varna, are currently under construction.

There is an old Armenian Apostolic church; two Roman Catholic churches (only one is now open and holds mass in Polish on Sundays), a thriving Evangelical Methodist episcopal church offering organ concerts, active Evangelical Pentecostal, Seventh-day Adventist, and two Baptist churches. The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes called the Armenian Orthodox Church is one of the original churches, having separated from the then-still-united Roman Catholic/Byzantine Orthodox church in 506, after the Council of Chalcedon (see Oriental Orthodoxy). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Evangelicalism is a theological perspective in Protestant Christianity which identifies with the gospel. ... The Pentecostal movement within Protestant Christianity places special emphasis on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. ... The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated Adventist[3]) Church is a Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week, as the Sabbath. ... This article is about the Christian religious act of Baptism. ...

Two old mosques (one is open) have survived since Ottoman times, when there were 18 of them in town, as have two once stately but now dilapidated synagogues, a Sephardic and an Ashkenazic one, the latter in Gothic style. A new mosque was recently added in the southern Asparuhovo district serving the adjacent Muslim Roma neighborhood. Sephardim (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew ) are a subgroup of Jews, generally defined in contrast to Ashkenazim and/or . ... Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים Standard Hebrew, Aškanazi,Aškanazim, Tiberian Hebrew, ʾAškănāzî, ʾAškănāzîm, pronounced sing. ... The western facade of Reims Cathedral, France. ...

There is also a Buddhist centre. A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by...

On a different note, spiritual master Peter Deunov started preaching his Esoteric Christianity doctrine in Varna in the late 1890s, and, in 1899–1908, the yearly meetings of his Synarchic Chain, later known as the Universal White Brotherhood, were convened there. Peter Constantinov Deunov Master Beinsa Douno Master of Esoteric Christianity Peter Konstantinov Deunov (Bulgarian Петър Константинов Дънов, pronounced ) was a spiritual master and founder of a School of Esoteric Christianity. ... In fashion then as of a snow-white rose Displayed itself to me the saintly host, Whom Christ in his own blood had made his bride - The Divine Comedy, Paradiso, Canto XXXI “Esoteric Christianity” is a term which refers to an ensemble of spiritual currents which regard Christianity as a...

Architecture

By 1878, Varna was an Ottoman city of mostly wooden houses in a style characteristic of the Black Sea coast, densely packed along narrow, winding alleys. It was surrounded by a stone wall with a citadel, a moat, ornamented iron gates protected by towers, and a vaulted stone bridge across the River Varna. The place abounded in pre-Ottoman relics.

Today, very little of this legacy remains; the downtown was rebuilt by the nascent Bulgarian middle class in late 19th and early 20th century in Western style with local interpretations of Neo-Renaissance, Neo-Baroque, Neoclassicism, Art Nouveau and Art Deco (many of those buildings, whose ownership was restored after 1989, underwent renovations). Château de Ferrières 1855 Mentmore Towers English Neo-Renaissance of the 1850s. ... The foyer of the Paris Opera, built by Charles Garnier Neo-baroque is a term used to describe artistic creations which display important aspects of Baroque style, but are not from the Baroque period proper. ... The Cathedral of Vilnius (1783), by Laurynas Gucevičius. ... Vitebsk Railway Station one of the finest examples of Art Nouveau architecture. ... Asheville City Hall. ...

Stone masonry from demolished medieval city walls was used for the neo-Byzantine cathedral, the two elite high schools, and for paving new boulevards. The middle class built practical townhouses and coop buildings. Elegant mansions were erected on main boulevards and in the vineyards north of town. A few industrial working-class suburbs (of one-family cottages with small green yards) emerged. Refugees from the 1910s-1920s' wars also settled in similar poorer yet vibrant neighbourhoods along the city edges.

During the rapid urbanization of the 1960s to the early 1980s, large apartment complexes sprawled onto land formerly covered by small private vineyards or agricultural cooperatives as the city population tripled. Beach resorts were designed mostly in a sleek modern style, which was somewhat lost in their recent more lavish renovations. Modern landmarks of the 1960s include the Palace of Culture and Sports (1968).

Upscale apartment buildings mushroomed both downtown and on uptown terraces overlooking the sea and the lake. Varna's vineyards (лозя, lozya), dating back perhaps to antiquity and stretching for miles around, started turning from mostly rural grounds dotted with summer houses or vili into affluent suburbs sporting opulent villas and family hotels, epitomized by the researched postmodernist kitsch of the Villa Aqua. 1000 de La Gauchetière, with ornamented and strongly defined top, middle and bottom. ...

With the new suburban construction far outpacing infrastructure growth, ancient landslides were activated, temporarily disrupting major highways. As the number of vehicles quadrupled since 1989, Varna became known for traffic jams; parking on the old town's leafy but narrow streets normally takes the sidewalks. At the same time, stretches of shanty towns, more befitting Rio de Janeiro, remain in Roma neighbourhoods on the western edge of town due to complexities of local politics. Joe Slovo shanty town in Langa on the Cape Flats simmers after a fire (Cape Town, South Africa) Shanty town near Tijuana, Mexico. ... Language(s) Romani, languages of native region Religion(s) Romanipen, combined with assimilations from local religions Related ethnic groups South Asians (Desi) This article is about the Indo-Aryan ethnic group. ...

The beach resorts were rebuilt and expanded, fortunately without being as heavily overdeveloped as were other tourist destinations on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, and their greenery was mostly preserved. New modern office buildings started reshaping the old centre and the city's surroundings.^[7].^[8]

Education

Higher learning institutions

The University of Economics, founded in 1920 as the Higher Business School, is the second oldest Bulgarian university, the oldest one outside Sofia, and the first private one—underwritten by the Varna Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Prof. Tsani Kalyandzhiev, who was educated at Zürich and made a career as a research chemist in the United States, was its first Rector (President). The idea for opening University of economics in Varna, Bulgaria was born in 1911 when the foundation of the building was laid. ... For other uses of Zurich, see Zurich (disambiguation). ...

The Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy is the successor to the nation's oldest technical school, the Naval Machinery School, established in 1881 and renamed His Majesty's Naval Academy in 1942. Other higher schools include the Medical University, the Technical University, the Chernorizets Hrabar Varna Free University—the first private university in the land after 1989, three junior colleges, and two local branches of other Bulgarian universities. The current building of the Naval Academy The Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy (Висше военноморско училище „Никола Вапцаров“) is the naval academy of Bulgaria and the most authoritative centre of maritime personnel education in the country. ... Chernorizetz Hrabar (Chernorizetz the Brave) was a medieval Bulgarian scholar and writer working at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century. ...

There are four Bulgarian Academy of Sciences research institutes (of oceanology, fisheries, aero and hydrodynamics, and metallography), a government research institution (shipping), and a now-defunct naval architecture design bureau. The Institute of Oceanology (IO-BAS) has been active in Black Sea deluge theory studies and deepwater archaeology in cooperation with Columbia University, MIT, UPenn, and National Geographic. The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS, in Bulgarian: Balgarska akademia na naukite, abbreviated BAN) is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869. ... The Black Sea deluge is a hypothesized prehistoric flood that occurred when the Black Sea rapidly filled, possibly forming the basis for some Great Flood myths. ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ... The University of Pennsylvania (commonly referred to as Penn or UPenn, although the former is the preferred and recognized nickname of the University) is a private university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and a founding member of the Ivy League. ... The National Geographic Society was founded in the USA on January 27, 1888, by 33 men interested in organizing a society for the increase and diffusion of geographical knowledge. ...

in 2007, Varna was home to a total of 2,500 faculty and researchers and over 30,000 students.

Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy

Kaliakra, the Naval Academy training barquentine, in Varna Bay

Saint Nicholas seamen's church

National Naval Museum, on display Drazki torpedo boat

Chaika apartment complex, the socialist showcase for the 1972 World Congress of Architecture

The Dolphinarium

A beach at Golden Sands

Grand Hotel Hermitage, Golden Sands

Local universities: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 497 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (868 × 1046 pixel, file size: 72 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photography & Art: Kosi Gramatikoff User:Kosigrim; Location: Vaptzarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 497 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (868 × 1046 pixel, file size: 72 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photography & Art: Kosi Gramatikoff User:Kosigrim; Location: Vaptzarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria. ... The current building of the Naval Academy The Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy (Висше военноморско училище „Никола Вапцаров“) is the naval academy of Bulgaria and the most authoritative centre of maritime personnel education in the country. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 596 pixelsFull resolution (1039 × 774 pixel, file size: 221 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Varna Kaliakra (Tall ship) Metadata This... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 596 pixelsFull resolution (1039 × 774 pixel, file size: 221 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Varna Kaliakra (Tall ship) Metadata This... Kaliakra sailing away The Sail Training Vessel Kaliakra (Known also as STV Kaliakra, Bulgarian language: Калиакра) is a barquentine, built in 1984 at the Gdańsk Shipyard, after the plans of the Polish technical designer Zygmunt Choren. ... This article is about the ship. ... For other uses, see Nicholas. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 126 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photography: Kosi Gramatikoff User:Kosigrim; Location: Naval Museum, Varna, Bulgaria. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 126 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photography: Kosi Gramatikoff User:Kosigrim; Location: Naval Museum, Varna, Bulgaria. ... Drazki (Bulgarian language: Дръзки; also transliterated as Druzki, translated in English as Intrepid) was a Bulgarian Navy torpedo boat from the beginning of the 20th century still extant today as a museum ship. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 454 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: The festa Dolphinarium in Varna, Bulgaria, during a show Creator: CdaMVvWgS Date of creation: May 5, 2005 License: GNU-FDL File links... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 454 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: The festa Dolphinarium in Varna, Bulgaria, during a show Creator: CdaMVvWgS Date of creation: May 5, 2005 License: GNU-FDL File links... Dolphinarium is a great aquarium for dolphins. ... Image File history File linksMetadata IMG_2074. ... Image File history File linksMetadata IMG_2074. ... Kempinski Hotel Grand Hermitage A beach at Holiday Club Riviera Beach Golden Sands (Bulgarian: Златни пясъци, Zlatni pyasatsi; German: Goldstrand, Russian: Золотые пески, Zolotyye peski; Romanian: Nisipurile de aur; Polish: Złote piaski; Czech: Zlaté Písky; Finnish: Kultahietikko; French:Sables dor is a resort town on the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast... Image File history File linksMetadata IMG_2094. ... Image File history File linksMetadata IMG_2094. ... Kempinski Hotel Grand Hermitage A beach at Holiday Club Riviera Beach Golden Sands (Bulgarian: Златни пясъци, Zlatni pyasatsi; German: Goldstrand, Russian: Золотые пески, Zolotyye peski; Romanian: Nisipurile de aur; Polish: Złote piaski; Czech: Zlaté Písky; Finnish: Kultahietikko; French:Sables dor is a resort town on the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast...

• University of Economics and College of Tourism
• Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy
• Technical University and Varna College
• Prof. Paraskev Stoyanov Medical University and Medical College
• Chernorizets Hrabar Varna Free University

Other universities' local branches:

• New Bulgarian University Local Centre Varna
• Bishop Constantine of Preslav University of Shumen Teacher Information and Qualification Centre (graduate)

New Bulgarian University (Нов български университет, abbreviated as НБУ, NBU) is a private institution of higher education based in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. ... Constantine of Preslav (Konstantin Preslavski) was a medieval Bulgarian scholar, writer and translator, one of the most important men of letters working at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century. ...

Noted high schools (gymnasia)

• First Language School (English and German)
• Dr. Petar Beron High School of Mathematics
• Acad. Metodi Popov High School of Science and Mathematics
• Frédéric Joliot-Curie Fourth Language School (French and Spanish)
• John Exarch Language School (English, German, and French)[25]
• Constantine of Preslav National High School for the Humanities and Arts
• Dobri Hristov National School of Arts (instrumental and vocal music, dance, and visual arts)
• Antoine de Saint-Exupéry private gymnazium (IT, languages, and PR)

A gymnasium (pronounced with or, in Swedish, as opposed to ) is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar Schools and U.S. High Schools. ... The First Language School of Varna is a notable high school in Varna, the biggest city of the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. ... Petar Beron (Bulgarian: ) ( 1795 – March 21, 1871) was a famous Bulgarian educator. ... Frédéric Joliot-Curie Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie né Joliot (March 19, 1900 – August 14, 1958) was a French physicist and Nobel laureate. ... John Exarch (John the Exarch, also transcribed Joan Exarch, Joan Ekzarh) was a medieval Bulgarian scholar, writer and translator, one of the most important men of letters working at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century. ... Dobri Hristov (December 14, 1875 - January 23, 1941), was born in Varna, Bulgaria, three years before the liberation of the country from Ottoman rule (1878). ... Antoine de Saint-Exupéry[1] (pronounced ) (June 29, 1900 – presumably July 31, 1944) was a French writer and aviator. ...

Libraries

• Pencho Slaveikov Public Library

Pencho Slaveykov Pencho Slaveykov (left sculpture) and his father Petko (right sculpture) as immortalized on Slaveykov Square in Sofia Pencho Petkov Slaveykov (Bulgarian: ) (27 April 1866 - 28 May 1912) was a noted Bulgarian poet and one of the participants in the Misal (Thought) circle. ...

Culture

Varna has some of the finest and oldest museums, professional arts companies, and arts festivals in the nation and is known for its century-old traditions in visual arts, music, and book publishing, as well as for its bustling current pop-culture scene. Over the past few decades, it developed as a festival centre of international standing. Varna is a front-runner for European Capital of Culture for 2019, planning to open several new high-profile facilities such as a new opera and concert hall, a new exhibition centre, and a reconstruction of the Summer Theatre, the historic venue of the International Ballet Competition. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one year during which it is given a chance to showcase its cultural life and cultural development. ...

Museums

• Varna Archaeological Museum (founded 1888)
• Naval Museum (founded 1923)
• Roman Baths
• Aladzha Monastery
• Battle of Varna Park Museum (founded 1924)
• Museum of Ethnography
• National Revival Museum
• History of Varna Museum
• History of Medicine Museum
• Health Museum (children's)
• Puppet Museum (antique puppets from Puppet Theatre shows)
• Bulgar Settlement of Phanagoria ethnographical village (mockup, with historical reenactments)
• Aquarium (founded 1912)
• Nicolaus Copernicus Observatory and Planetarium
• Naval Academy Planetarium
• Museum of Natural History
• Terrarium
• Zoo
• Dolphinarium (founded 1984)

The Varna Archaeological Museum The Varna Archaeological Museum (Bulgarian: , Arheologicheski muzey Varna) is an archaeological museum in the city of Varna on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. ... Aladzha Monastery from within Monastic cells Aladzha Monastery is a medieval Orthodox Christian cave monastery complex in northeastern Bulgaria, 17 km north of central Varna and 3 km west of Golden Sands beachfront resort. ... Combatants Hungary, Poland and others Ottoman Empire Commanders Władysław III of Poland † Janos Hunyadi Murad II Strength ~ 20,000 ~ 60,000[1][2] Casualties ~ 11,000 ~ 8,000 The Battle of Varna took place on November 10, 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. ... Not to be confused with Bulgarians. ... Phanagoria was an ancient Greek colony on the Taman peninsula between the Black Sea and the Azov, roughly on the site of modern Tmutarakan. ... “Aquaria” redirects here. ... Dolphinarium is a great aquarium for dolphins. ...

Galleries

• Boris Georgiev Art Gallery
• Georgi Velchev Gallery
• Modern Art Centre
• Print Gallery
• Numerous smaller fine and applied arts galleries [26]

Performing arts professional companies

• Opera and Philharmonic Society (opera, symphonic and chamber music, ballet, and operetta performances; earliest philharmonic society founded 1888)
• Stoyan Bachvarov Drama Theatre (founded 1921)
• Puppet Theatre (in Bulgarian, founded 1952; performances for children and adults)

The Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre The Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre (Bulgarian: , Dramatichen teatar ”Stoyan Bachvarov”) is a theatre in Varna, Bulgaria, founded in 1921 as the Municipal Professional Theatre. ...

Other performing arts groups

• Morski Zvutsi Choir School (academic choirs)
• Dobri Hristov Choir School (academic choir)
• Varna Ensemble (traditional folk music and dance)

Dobri Hristov (December 14, 1875 - January 23, 1941), was born in Varna, Bulgaria, three years before the liberation of the country from Ottoman rule (1878). ... Folk song redirects here. ...

Other institutions

• Festival and Congress Centre (in Bulgarian, 1986; concerts, film, theatre and dance shows, exhibitions, trade shows)
• Palace of Culture and Sports (1968; sports events, concerts, film shows, exhibitions, trade shows, sports classes, fitness)

International arts festivals

• International Ballet Competition, founded 1964 (biennial)
• Varna Summer International Music Festival, founded 1926 (annual)
• Varna Summer International Jazz Festival (annual)
• International May Choir Competition (annual)
• European Music Festival (annual)
• Operosa Euxinograd opera festival (annual)
• Sea and Memories international music festival devoted to popular sea songs (annual)
• International Folk Festival (annual)
• Discovery International Pop Festival (annual)
• Song on Three Seas pop and rock competition (annual)
• International Theatre Festival (annual)
• Golden Dolphin puppet festival (triennial)
• Love is Folly film festival (annual)
• International Festival of Red Cross & Health Films (biennial)
• World Animation Festival (discontinued)
• International Print Biennial (founded 1980)
• August in Art festival of visual arts (annual) (in Bulgarian)
• product- Festival for Contemporary Art (annual)
• Slavic Embrace Slav poetry readings (annual)

National events

• Golden Rose Bulgarian Feature Film Festival (biennial)
• Navy Day (second Sunday of August)
• Urban Folk Song Festival
• Christmas Folk Dance Competition

Local events

• Easter music festival
• Golden Fish fairy tale festival
• Kinohit movie marathon
• Crafts fair
• Dormition of the Theotokos festival, cathedral patron, Varna Day (August 15)
• Beer Fest
• Saint Nicholas Day (December 6)
• Christmas festival
• New Year's Eve concert and fireworks (Independence Square)

The Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral The Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral (Катедрален храм Успение Пресвятия Богородици or Катедрален храм Успение Богородично) is the largest and most famous Bulgarian Orthodox cathedral in the Bulgarian Black Sea port city of Varna, officially opened on 30 August 1886. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Nicholas. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Media

The Sea Garden

Nicolaus Copernicus Observatory and Planetarium

City Hall

New housing in the Briz district

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 425 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 425 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The entrance to the Sea Garden The sundial with the observatory in the background A turn-of-the-century house by Peter Paul Brang, the former headquarters of Radio Varna, next to the garden. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...

Local newspapers

• Cherno More
• Chernomorie
• Narodno Delo
• Dialog - The free positive newspaper (weekly)
• Pozvanete
• Varna (weekly)
• Vlastta (online publication)

National newspapers' local editions

• 24 Chasa More
• Morski Dnevnik
• Morski Trud

Magazines

• Morski Sviat
• Prostori

Publishing houses

• Alfiola (New Age)
• Alpha Print (advertising)
• Atlantis
• Kompas
• Liternet (poetry, fiction, non-fiction: electronic and print)
• Обяви Варна (безплатни обяви)
• Naroden Buditel (history)
• Slavena (history, children's books, travel, multimedia, advertising)

Local radio stations

• Alpha Radio
• DarikNews (Varna)
• FM+ Varna
• Radio Bravo
• Radio Varna

Local TV stations

• BNT Varna
• MSAT
• TV Varna

Web portals

• Varna Info (general info, English)
• Moreto.net (general info, news)
• ida.bg (general info, news)
• ole-bg (sports)
• varna-sport.com (sports)
• Biznesa (business)
• Programata (free cultural guide)
• Parvi dubal (movies)
• Liternet (books)
• Varna na mladite (youth)

Sports

A municipal sports field

A municipal swimming pool

Football is the biggest spectator sport with two rival clubs in the nation's top professional league, Cherno More (the Sailors), founded in 1913 and four times national champion, including the first championship in 1925, and Spartak (the Falcons), founded in 1918, once champion and participant in the UEFA Cup in 1983, when it reached the second knockout round and played Manchester United. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Soccer redirects here. ... PFC Cherno more is a Bulgarian football club in Varna. ... PFC Spartak Varna is a Bulgarian football team based in Varna and founded on 28 August 1918. ... For the current season, see UEFA Cup 2007-08. ... Manchester Uniteds emblem Manchester United F.C. (often abbreviated to Man United or just Man U, pronounced man-yoo) is an English football club based at Old Trafford in Greater Manchester. ...

In the late 1800s, Varna was considered the birthplace of Bulgarian football with a Swiss gym teacher coaching the first varsity team at the men's high school. In February 2007, the city decided to replace its antiquated 1950's municipal stadium with a new arena according to UEFA/FIFA specifications [27]. The new venue will seat 30,000 (40,000 for concerts including standing room). Another state-of the-art track-and-field stadium with a capacity of 5,000 seats and training halls for professional and public use will open in the Mladost district in 2009 to compensate for the lost track-and-field capacity of old Varna stadium[28]. The Union Européenne de Football Association or Union of European Football Associations in English, almost always referred to by the acronym UEFA (pronounced (you-AY-fuh) or (oo-Ay-fuh) or ), is the administrative and controlling body for European football. ... This article is about the international association football organization. ... Mladost is probably the most known Burek & Ćevapči snack bar in the towns of Velenje, Slovenia. ...

Men's basketball, women's volleyball, gymnastics, boxing, martial arts, and sailing are also vibrant. The 4-km swimmimg marathon Cape Galata—Varna is a popular venue. Varna hosts international competitions, including world championships, and national events in several sports on a regular basis, including auto racing and motocross. Bulgarian national basketball and volleyball teams host their games, including Volleyball World Cup games, at the Palace of Sports, the country's largest arena. Currently (2007), three 18-hole golf courses of professional quality are being developed north of the city in the vicinity of Balchik and Kavarna, with more to come. A hippodrome with a horseback riding school is located in the Vinitsa neighborhood, and Asparuhov most is the foremost bungee jumping spot in the nation due to the local Club Adrenalin. World Cup Logo The World Cup is a mens and womens volleyball competition. ... This article is about the sport of golf. ... Balchik (Bulgarian Балчик, Romanian Balcic) is a Black Sea coastal town in the Southern Dobruja area of northeastern Bulgaria. ... Kavarna (Bulgarian: Каварна) is a Black Sea coastal town in the Dobruja region of northeastern Bulgaria. ...

In early August 2007, a new municipal sports complex with fields for football, basketball and volleyball was opened as a part of a larger complex of sports facilities, mini-golf, tennis, biking alleys, mini-lakes and ice-skating rinks in the district of Mladost. Smaller municipal fields opened in the Sea Garden, Asparuhov Val Park, and elsewhere; the municipal Olympic-size swimming pool complex was rebuilt also in 2007, and the first segment of a bike lane to connect the Sea Garden with the westernmost residential districts was completed outside City Hall[29]. Paying tribute to the golf course development mania, the mayor vowed to build a free municipal driving range in the district of Asparuhovo[30]. The new city regulation plan (under discussion in early 2008) envisages a large public amateur sports complex south of Lake Varna[31] and a ski run with artificial snow covering. A driving range is an area where golfers can practice their swing. ...

Varna athletes won 4 of the 12 medals for Bulgaria at the 2004 Summer Olympics. The ceremony for the lighting of the flame is arranged as a pagan pageant, with priestesses dancing. ...

Organized crime

As in other Bulgarian cities, some sectors of the economy, including gambling, corporate security, tourism, real estate, and professional sports, are believed to be controlled in part by shady business groups with links to Communist-era secret services or the military; the TIM group [32] is one example.^[9][10] In 2003, Ilia Pavlov, chairman of MG Holding (former Multigroup), owner of the posh St. Elias resort at Constantine and Helena and president of PFC Cherno more, was gunned down in Sofia,^[11] as was Emil Kyulev, chairman of DZI Financial Group and owner of the stylish Holiday Club Riviera resort at Golden Sands,^[12] in 2005. The perpetrators are still unknown. Varna has also seen gangland- (mutri-) style bombings, and is believed to be a hangout for Russian and Chechen mafias.^[13]

However, it is noted that in Varna, the mutri presence is by no means as visible as it is in smaller coastal towns and resorts. Over the last couple of years, crime has subsided, which is said to have contributed to Varna's naming as Bulgaria's Best City to Live In (2007)[33]; in 2007, the regional police chief was promoted to the helm of the national police service.

Twin cities

Varna's twin cities are: Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ...

In March 2008, the municipal council voted to sign twinning contracts with Barcelona, Liverpool, Novosibirsk, and Stavanger. [34] Image File history File links Flag_of_Denmark. ... View of Aalborg railroad station from J.F. Kennedys Square, 2004 Aalborg (help· info) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in North Jutland County on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Satellite image of part of the Rhine-Meuse delta, showing the Island of Dordrecht and the eponymous city (7) Dordrecht (population 119,649 (2004)), or in English: Dort, is a city in the Dutch province of South Holland, the third largest city of the province. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... Map of Ukraine with Kharkiv highlighted. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... Aqaba (Arabic: العقبة al-Ê»Aqabah) is a coastal town with a population of 101,290 (2000) and 2% of Jordans population in the far south of Jordan (). It is the capital of Aqaba Governorate. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The ODESSA, which stands for the German phrase Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, which phrase in turn translates as “Organization of Former Members of the SS,” is the name commonly given to an international Nazi network alleged to have been set up towards the end of World War II... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Image File history File links Malmö a city in Sweden Found on http://runeberg. ... Motto: FrÃ¥n arbetarstad till kunskapsstad (eng: From industrial city to knowledge city) Location of Malmö in northern Europe Coordinates: , Country  Sweden Municipality Malmö Municipality County SkÃ¥ne County Province Scania (SkÃ¥ne) Charter 13th century Government  - Mayor Illmar Reepalu Area  - City 335. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland. ... Image File history File links Turku. ... Location of Turku in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Finland Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku sub-region Government  - Mayor Mikko Pukkinen Area  - City 306. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Miami redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Motto: Within your walls be concordance and public welfare Rostock (pronounced // from Polabian Roz toc, literally to flow apart) is the largest city in the north German state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Novorossiysk (Russian Новороссийск) is a city in southern Russia, one of the main Russian ports on the Black Sea, in Krasnodar Krai. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece. ... Piraeus, or Peiraeus (Modern Greek: Πειραιά(ς) Pireá(s), Ancient Greek / Katharevousa: Πειραιεύς Pireéfs) is a city in the prefecture of Attica, Greece, located south of Athens. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Memphis City Seal This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... For other uses, see Memphis (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Image File history File links Wapen_van_Amsterdam_bewerkt. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... Washington Old Hall Washington is a town in North East England, within the City of Sunderland metropolitan borough. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_de-bw_Karlsruhe. ... Karlsruhe (population 285,812 in 2006) is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Boston City Seal (presumed fair use from City of Boston - historial document) This work is copyrighted. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kazakhstan. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Map showing Almatys location in Kazakhstan Almaty Orthodox church Mosque Almaty (Алматы; formerly known as Alma-Ata, also Vernyj, Vyernyi (Верный) in Imperial Russia) is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of 1,185,900 (2004) (8% of the population of Kazakhstan) citizens. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... Wels (population of 56,478 as of 2001) is the second largest city of the state of Upper Austria, located in the north of Austria, upon the Traun River near Linz. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Vysoké Mýto is a town in the Czech Republic, in Pardubice Region. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Image File history File links Genova-Stemma. ... For other uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Blason_Lyon. ... This article is about the French city. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Ningbo (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ning-po; literally Tranquil Waves) is a seaport sub-provincial city with a population of 1,219,900 in northeastern Zhejiang province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_Arms_of_Saint_Petersburg_large_(2003). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). ... Novosibirsk (Russian: , pronounced ) is Russias third largest city, after Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast. ... County District Jæren Municipality NO-1103 Administrative centre Stavanger Mayor (1995-) Leif Johan Sevland (H) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 406 71 km² 68 km² 0. ...

Trivia

Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines. The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

Varna Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Varna. [35] Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Varna Peninsula (Poluostrov Varna po-lu-os-trov var-na) is a roughly rectangular ice-covered peninsula forming the NE extremity of Livingston Island, Antarctica. ... Livingston Island (62°36′ S 060°30′ W) is 61 km (38 mi) long and from 3 to 32 km (2 to 20 mi) wide, lying between Greenwich and Snow Islands in the South Shetland Islands. ... Location of the South Shetlands The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands, lying about 120 kilometres north of the Antarctic Peninsula. ...

Varna was the point of origin of the ship Demeter in Bram Stoker's novel Dracula. [36] This article is about the grain goddess Demeter. ... Abraham Bram Stoker (November 8, 1847 – April 20, 1912) was an Irish writer, best remembered as the author of the influential horror novel Dracula. ... This article is about the novel. ...

References

1. ^ ^{a b} General Directorate of Citizens' Registration and Administrative Services: Population Chart as of December 15, 2007 for the City of Varna (Bulgarian). Retrieved on 2008-02-09
2. ^ Varna, the City that Outran Statistics (Bulgarian). Retrieved on 2008-02-09
3. ^ Varna Becomes Centre of the Black Sea Euro-Region (Bulgarian). Retrieved on 2008-04-16
4. ^ Municipality of Varna: Information (Bulgarian). Retrieved on 2007-02-10
5. ^ Weatherbase data for Varna.
6. ^ Apostolov, Shanko (Director, Władysław Warneńczyk Park Museum, Varna). The Campaigns of Ladislaus of Varna and John Hunyadi in 1443–1444 (Bulgarian). Retrieved 2007-02-10
7. ^ TheShip - winner for best architect of 2005 for Vanya Karadjova. Varna Bulgaria Info.
8. ^ Apollo Centre. The Sawyers Group, UK.
9. ^ Former Secret Services Control the Bulgarian Economy (Бившите тайни служби контролират българската икономика, Mediapool, in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2007-04-11
10. ^ Editor-in-chief of Varna daily brutally assaulted (Bulgarian Helsinki Committee). Retrieved 2007-02-10
11. ^ Bullet for a Billionaire (Sofia Echo). Retrieved 2007-02-10
12. ^ Bulgarian Banker Shot Dead (Sofia Echo). Retrieved 2007-02-10
13. ^ Three Foreigners Expelled (Government of the Republic of Bulgaria, Information and Public Relations Directorate). Retrieved 2007-02-10

See also

• List of mayors of Varna
• Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
• St. Nikolai, Varna
• July Morning
• Mladost, Varna municipality

This is a chronological list of mayors of Varna, the third largest city of Bulgaria, since that post was established after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. ... The Bulgarian Black Sea Coast covers the whole eastern border of Bulgaria. ... The End Peir of Varnas Harbor, Varna, Bulgaria. ... In Bulgaria, there is a tradition called July Morning dating from the hippy period in 1980s and maybe as far back as the 1970s. ... Mladost is a municipality in Varna, Bulgaria. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Varna

• Official homepage (in Bulgarian)
• Satellite photo with place labels (WikiMapia)
• City map (Bulgarian)
• Public transit map
• QTVRs and panorama photos of Varna Cathedral, Christmas, City Hall, Archaeological museum, Shipka St., Harbour, Night
• Pictures from Varna
• Varna, Pobiti Kamani - Photo gallery
• More photos
• Song of Varna (YouTube music video), Planeta Payner

v • d • e Cities and towns in Bulgaria

Aitos • Asenovgrad • Balchik • Belene • Blagoevgrad • Botevgrad • Burgas • Devnya • Dimitrovgrad • Dobrich • Dupnitsa • Elena • Gabrovo • Gorna Oryahovitsa • Gotse Delchev • Harmanli • Haskovo • Karlovo • Karnobat • Kazanlak • Kardzhali • Kavarna • Koprivshtitsa • Kozloduy • Kyustendil • Lom • Lovech • Montana • Nesebar • Nikopol • Nova Zagora • Novi Pazar • Oryahovo • Panagyurishte • Pazardzhik • Pernik • Petrich • Pleven • Plovdiv • Pomorie • Popovo • Provadiya • Razgrad • Rousse • Samokov • Sandanski • Sevlievo • Shumen • Silistra • Sliven • Smolyan • Sofia • Stara Zagora • Svishtov • Targovishte • Troyan • Varna • Veliki Preslav • Veliko Tarnovo • Velingrad • Vidin • Vratsa • Yambol • Zlataritsa

Coordinates: 43°13′N, 27°55′E One of Byalas beaches River Kamchiya Cape Galata Varna Pobiti Kamani Euxinograd Aladzha Monastery Golden Sands Chudnite skali on Lake Tsonevo Varna Province (Bulgarian: is a province in northeastern Bulgaria, onе of the 28 Bulgarian provinces. ... Aksakovo (Bulgarian: ) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Aksakovo municipality, Varna Province. ... Beloslav (Bulgarian: Белослав) is an industrial town in Northeastern Bulgaria, in Varna oblast, 19 km west of downtown Varna and 5 km east of Devnya. ... Byala (Bulgarian Бяла, white) is a town in Northeastern Bulgaria. ... Devnya (Bulgarian: ) is a town in Varna Province, located in northeastern Bulgaria. ... Dolni Chiflik (Bulgarian: , lower farm) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province. ... Provadiya (Bulgarian: ) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province, located in a deep karst gorge along the Provadiya River not far from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. ... This is a list of cities in Bulgaria with over 20,000 inhabitants. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bulgaria. ... Ancient Rocks, Aitos Crafts Alley, Aitos Aitos municipality is located in the eastern part of the Republic of Bulgaria and belongs to the administrative boundaries of Burgas county. ... Asenovgrad (Bulgarian Асеновград) is a town in Southern Bulgaria. ... Balchik (Bulgarian Балчик, Romanian Balcic) is a Black Sea coastal town in the Southern Dobruja area of northeastern Bulgaria. ... Belene (Bulgarian Белене) is a town in Northern Bulgaria. ... The centre of the town Houses in Varosha, the old quarter of Blagoevgrad Blagoevgrad (Bulgarian: Благоевград, formerly Горна Джумая, Gorna Dzhumaya) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, situated in Blagoevgrad Province, with a population of about 76,000. ... all my regards and wishes to Angela Marinova from Alexandarsy@yahoo. ... Burgas (Bulgarian: , sometimes transliterated as Bourgas) is the second-largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast with population 205,821. ... Devnya (Bulgarian: ) is a town in Varna Province, located in northeastern Bulgaria. ... Dimitrovgrad (Bulgarian: ) is a town and a municipality in Haskovo Province of southern Bulgaria. ... Dobrich (Bulgarian: Добрич) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Dobrich Province. ... Dupnitsa (Дупница) is a town in western Bulgaria. ... Elena is a Bulgarian town in the Middle Balkan Range, 42 km south-east of Veliko Turnovo; a mountain resort at an altitude of 280 m. ... Gabrovo municipality is located in Northern Bulgaria, in Gabrovo micro region. ... Gorna Oryahovitsa (Bulgarian: ) is a town in northern Bulgaria, situated in Veliko Tarnovo Province, between the towns of Veliko Tarnovo and Dolna Oryahovitsa. ... Goce Delchev location in Bulgaria Gotse Delchev (Гоце Делчев), population 23,573, is a town in Southwestern Bulgaria (Pirin Macedonia). ... Harmanli is a town in south-eastern Bulgaria. ... Location of Haskovo Coordinates: , Country Bulgaria Provinces (Oblast) Government  - Mayor Georgi Ivanov Elevation 196 m (643 ft) Population (2005-12-14)  - Total 96,010 Time zone EET (UTC+2)  - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3) Postal Code Area code(s) 038 Haskovo (Bulgarian: ); is the name of a town and administrative... Karlovo is a town in Central Bulgaria located in a fertile valley along the river Striama (in Bulgarian: Стряма). It has a population of 28,000 (as of 2005). ... Karnobat, a city in the Bourgaska State, Karnobat Municipality of Bulgaria. ... Kazanlak (Bulgarian: ) is a town located in Stara Zagora Province, Bulgaria. ... Kardzhali (Bulgarian: , Turkish: ) is a town in Bulgaria, capital of Kardzhali Province in the Eastern Rhodopes. ... Kavarna (Bulgarian: Каварна) is a Black Sea coastal town in the Dobruja region of northeastern Bulgaria. ... The Lyutov House, a mid-19th century house in Koprivshtitsa Characteristic architecture in Koprivshtitsa The roofs of the old buildings The Oslekov House Overview of the town The Karavelov House Koprivshtitsa (Bulgarian: ; , from the Bulgarian word , kopriva, meaning nettle) is a historic town in Sofia Province, central Bulgaria, lying on... Kozloduy (Bulgarian: ) is a town of 13,871 inhabitants in northwestern Bulgaria, located in Vratsa Province, on the river Danube. ... Kyustendil Coat of arms Kyustendil (Bulgarian: , historically , Velbazhd, Turkish: ) is a town in the very west of Bulgaria, and the capital of Kyustendil Province, with a population of 47,196 (2005 calculation). ... Shishman Street - a street in Lom, Bulgaria Soviet style tower blocks characterize Loms skyline, with the Danube River and Romania visible in the background. ... View over Lovech The Covered Bridge Lovech (Bulgarian: Ловеч) is a town in north-central Bulgaria with a population of about 50,000. ... Montana (Монтана) is a city in northwestern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Montana Province. ... Nesebar (Bulgarian: Несебър, Nesebăr, though other transliterations are also used), previously known as Mesembria (Greek: Μεσημβρια, Mesimvria) and before that as Menebria, is an ancient city on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria, located in Nesebar municipality, Burgas Province. ... Nikopol (Нікополь) is a town of Ukraine, in the government of Ekaterinoslav, on the right bank of the Dnieper, 70 miles S.S.W. of the town of Ekaterinoslav. ... Nova Zagora (Bulgarian: ) is a town with a population of approximately 26,000 people in the city, and approximately 48,000 in the entire municipality (which includes 33 surrounding villages). ... Centar,Novi Pazar Novi Pazar (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Пазар,  ) is a city and municipality located in the RaÅ¡ka District of Serbia at 43. ... Oryahovo (Bulgarian: , Romanian: Rahova) is a port city in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Vratsa Province. ... Panagyurishte (Bulgarian: ) is a town in Pazardzhik Province, western Bulgaria. ... Pazardzhik (Bulgarian: , also spelled as Pazardjik or Pazarjik) is a town situated along the banks of the Maritsa river in Bulgaria. ... Overview of the city Pernik (Bulgarian: ) is a city in western Bulgaria with a population of 91,883 as of 2006. ... Petrich is a small town in the Blagoevgrad district in Bulgaria, located at the foot of the Belasitza. ... Pleven (Bulgarian: Плевен , known as Plevna in English in some historical documents) is the seventh most populated town in Bulgaria. ... Plovdiv (Bulgarian: ) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia, with a population of 343,662. ... Coin of Roman Emperor Caracalla minted in Anchialos (Pomorie) Pomorie (Bulgarian: ; formerly known as Anchialos in Greek, Anchialus in Latin, Tuthom in Bulgar and Анхиало, Anhialo, a Bulgarianized Greek form) is a town in southeastern Bulgaria, located on a narrow rocky peninsula in Burgas Bay on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea... For other places with the same name, see Popovo. ... Provadiya (Bulgarian: ) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province, located in a deep karst gorge along the Provadiya River not far from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. ... Ibrahim Pasha (Ä°brahim PaÅŸa) Mosque Razgrad (Разград) is a city in northeastern Bulgaria and the capital of Razgrad Province, built upon the ruins of the Ancient Roman town of Abritus on the banks of the Beli Lom. ... Dohodno Zdanie is a theatre building which is considered a symbol of the city Rousse (also transliterated as Ruse or Russe; Bulgarian: ; formerly also Rustchuk) is the fifth-largest city in Bulgaria, with a population of 176,115. ... Samokov (Bulgarian: ) is a town in Sofia Province in the southwest of Bulgaria. ... Sandanski (Bulgarian: , formerly Свети Врач, Sveti Vrach) is a town and recreation centre in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Blagoevgrad Province. ... Sevlievo is a town in north-central Bulgaria, between Sofia and Varna. ... Shumen (Bulgarian: ; Turkish: ) is a city in the northeastern part of Bulgaria, capital of Shumen Province. ... Silistra (Bulgarian: , historically Bulgarian Дръстър (Drastar, ) and Romanian Dârstor) is a port city of northeastern Bulgaria, lying on the southern side of the lower Danube at the countrys border with Romania. ... Sliven (Bulgarian: Сливен) is a town in southeast Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Sliven Province. ... Smolyan (Bulgarian: ; Turkish: or Ahiçelebi) is a town in the very south of Bulgaria, the administrative center of Smolyan Province. ... This article is about the capital of Bulgaria. ... Stara Zagora (Bulgarian: ) is a city in the cental part of Southern Bulgaria, and represents an important economic center. ... Svishtov is a Bulgarian town at Danube river, nearly 235 km north-east from Sofia. ... A street in Targovishte TârgoviÅŸte is also a city in Romania. ... Coat of arms of Troyan Troyan (also spelled Troian, Bulgarian: Троян) is a town in central Bulgaria with population of about 30,000 and territory of 888,850 m². It is located 160km from Sofia. ... Plan of Preslav Preslav (Bulgarian: Преслав) was capital of the First Bulgarian Empire from 893 to 972. ... Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgarian: Велико Търново; also transliterated as Veliko Turnovo) is a city in central northern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province. ... Velingrad is the most beautiful and most famous among the Bulgarian Balneological resorts. ... Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин; Romanian: Vidin, Diiu) is a town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. ... Vratsa (also transliterated as Vraca or Vratza, in some languages with a W; Bulgarian: ) is a city in northwestern Bulgaria, at the foothills of the Balkan Mountains. ... Yambol (Bulgarian: Ямбол, also transliterated as Jambol) is the principal town in Yambol Province, Bulgaria, located on the Tunzha River. ... Zlataritsa (Bulgarian: ) is a town situated in the central northern part of Bulgaria, located in Veliko Tarnovo Province and close to the towns of Elena, Lyaskovets, Strazhitsa and Antonovo. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

// Traditional Tourism In winter, Borovetz, Bansko and Pamporovo are ski resorts. ...