The Hindu metrics of time can be summarized as below.

Hindu Kaala Vyavahara (Metrics of Time)

Sidereal metrics

• a paramanu is the normal interval of blinking in humans, or approximately 4 seconds
• a vighati is 6 paramaanus, or approximately 24 seconds
• a ghati is 60 vighatis, or approximately 24 minutes
• a muhurta is equal to 2 ghadiyas, or approximately 48 minutes
• a nakshatra ahoratram or sidereal day is exactly equal to 30 muhurtas (Note: A day is considered to begin and end at sunrise, not midnight.)

With regards to time, an interval is the duration between two events or occurrences of similar events. ... This article refers to the sight organ. ... This article is about the unit of time. ... In certain sects of Hinduism, Muhurta is the selection of an auspicious date and time for performing a work. ... A minute is: a unit of time equal to 1/60th of an hour and to 60 seconds. ... On a prograde planet like the Earth, the sidereal day is shorter than the solar day. ... Sunrise over the sea Sunrise, also called sunup in some American English dialects, is the time at which the first part of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east. ... Midnight, literally the middle of the night, was a time arbitrarily designated to determine the end of a day and the beginning of the next in some, mainly Western, cultures. ...

Small units of time used in the vedas

• A leekshaka is 1/60th of a pranamu, or 1/15th of a second;
• a lava is 1/60th of a leekshakamu, or 1/900th of a second;
• a renu is 1/60th of a lavamu, or 1/54,000th of a second;
• a truti is 1/60th of a renuvu, or the time it takes for a needle to penetrate a lotus leaf, or 1/3,240,000th of a second.

The word needle has several meanings: Sewing Needles used for sewing In sewing, a needle is a long, slender, object with a pointed tip, usually made of metal. ... Nelumbo lutea, the American Lotus The term lotus may refer to: The Indian lotus of the genus Nelumbo (see Nymphaeaceae). ... In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ...

Lunar metrics

• a Tithi (also spelled thithi) or lunar day is defined as the time it takes for the longitudinal angle between the moon and the sun to increase by 12°. Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to approximately 26 hours.
• a paksa or lunar fortnight consists of 15 Tithis
• a masa or lunar month (approximately 29.5 days) is divided into 2 pakshas: the one between new moon and full moon is called gaura (bright) or shukla paksha; the one between full moon and new moon krishna (dark) paksha
• 2 lunar months are 1 Ruthu
• 3 Rithus are 1 Aayanam
• 2 Aayanas are 1 year

In vedic timekeeping, a tithi (also spelled thithi) is a lunar day, or the time it takes for the longitudinal angle between the moon and the sun to increase by 12°. Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to approximately 26 hours. ... In space exploration, a lunar day is the period of time it takes for the Moon to complete one full rotation on its axis. ... Map of Earth showing curved lines of longitude Longitude, sometimes denoted λ, describes the location of a place on Earth east or west of a north-south line called the Prime Meridian. ... This article is about angles in geometry. ... Crust composition Oxygen 43% Silicon 21% Aluminium 10% Calcium 9% Iron 9% Magnesium 5% Titanium 2% Nickel 0. ... A sun is the star at the center of a solar system. ... This article describes degree as a unit of angle. ... The hour was originally defined in Egypt as 1/24 of a day, based on their duo-decimal numbering system (which counted finger joints on each hand). ... Masa, or masa nixtamalera, is a fine maize dough made from dried hominy. ... This should perhaps be merged with Month. ... Traditionally, the lunar phase new moon begins with the first visible crescent of the Moon, after conjunction with the Sun. ... The Galileo spacecraft took this composite image on December 7, 1992 on its way to explore the Jupiter system in 1995-97. ... There are six ritus (also transliterated rutu) or Indian seasons in the Hindu calendar. ... A year is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. ...

Tropical metrics

• a yaama is 7½ Ghatis
• 8 yaamas 1 half of the day(either day or night)
• an ahoratram is a tropical day (Note: A day is considered to begin and end at sunrise, not midnight.)

Sunrise over the sea Sunrise, also called sunup in some American English dialects, is the time at which the first part of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east. ... Midnight, literally the middle of the night, was a time arbitrarily designated to determine the end of a day and the beginning of the next in some, mainly Western, cultures. ...

Yugas

Years are grouped into yugas (ages): In Hindu philosophy, the existence of the world is divided into four Yugas (ages): Satya Yuga or Krita Yuga Treta Yuga Dwapara Yuga Kali Yuga According to the rishis of ancient India, the world goes through a continuous cycle of these ages. ...

• One cycle of the above four yugas is one mahayuga (4.32 million solar years)
• A manvantara consists of 71 mahayugas (306,720,000 solar years)
• After each manvantara follows one Sandhi Kala of the same duration as a Krita Yuga (1,728,000 solar years). (It is said that during a Sandhi Kala, the entire earth is submerged in water.)
• A kalpa consists of a period of 1,728,000 solar years called Adi Sandhi, followed by 14 manvantaras and Sandhi Kalas for a total of 1000 mahayugas or 4,320,000,000 (4.32 billion) solar years.
• Two kalpas constitute a day and night of Brahma; the life cycle of Brahma is one hundred years of Brahma, or 311 trillion years.

The current Kali Yuga (Iron Age) began at midnight 17 February / 18 February in 3102 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar. A tropical year is the length of time that the Sun, as viewed from the Earth, takes to return to the same position along the ecliptic (its path among the stars on the celestial sphere). ... Amongst the four era’s, the Satya yuga is the first and the most significant one. ... In Hindu philosophy, the existence of the world is divided into four Yugas (ages): Satya Yuga or Krita Yuga Treta Yuga Dwapara Yuga Kali Yuga According to the rishis of ancient India, the world goes through a continuous cycle of these ages. ... Kali Yuga is also the title of a book by Roland Charles Wagner. ... A tropical year is the length of time that the Sun, as viewed from the Earth, takes to return to the same position along the ecliptic (its path among the stars on the celestial sphere). ... This article concerns the Hindu creator god, Brahma. ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... (33rd century BC - 32nd century BC - 31st century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) Events Ancient Egypt: Earliest known Egyptian hieroglyphs Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization Neolithic settlement built at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands, Scotland New Stone Age people in Ireland build... The proleptic Julian calendar is produced by extending the Julian calendar to dates preceding its official introduction in 45 BC. Historians since Bede have traditionally represented the years preceding AD 1 as 1 BC, 2 BC, etc. ...

See also

• Hindu calendar
• Jyotish