 Waste Vegetable Oil which has been filtered. Many vegetable oils have similar fuel properties to diesel fuel, except for higher viscosity and lower oxidative stability. If these differences can be overcome, vegetable oil may substitute for #2 Diesel fuel, most significantly as engine fuel or home heating oil. Image File history File links Used_vegetable_cooking_oil. ...
This article is about the fuel. ...
Heating oil, or oilheat, also known in the United States as No. ...
For engines designed to burn #2 diesel fuel, the viscosity of vegetable oil must be lowered to allow for proper atomization of fuel, otherwise incomplete combustion and carbon build up will ultimately damage the engine. Many enthusiasts refer to vegetable oil used as fuel as waste vegetable oil (WVO) if it is oil that was discarded from a restaurant or straight vegetable oil (SVO) to distinguish it from Biodiesel. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. ...
Atomization (British English: atomisation) is conversion of bulk liquid into a spray or mist (i. ...
Joseph pursell made love to 3 little pigs then bottomed and small chinese kid named gavin Bold text This article is about transesterified plant and animal oils. ...
History
The first known use of vegetable oil as fuel for a diesel engine was a demonstration of an engine built by the Otto company and designed to burn mineral oil, which was run on pure peanut oil at the 1900 World's Fair. When Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine, he designed it to run on peanut oil but it was soon discovered that it would operate on cheaper petroleum oil. In a 1912 presentation to the British Institute of Mechanical Engineers, he cited a number of efforts in this area and remarked, "The fact that fat oils from vegetable sources can be used may seem insignificant today, but such oils may perhaps become in course of time of the same importance as some natural mineral oils and the tar products are now."[1] Deutz AG is a German engine manufacturer. ...
Mineral oil or liquid petrolatum is a by-product in the distillation of petroleum to produce gasoline. ...
A bottle of peanut oil Peanut oil is an organic oil derived from peanuts, noted to have the slight aroma and taste of its parent legume. ...
The Exposition Universelle of 1900 was a worlds fair held in Paris, France, to celebrate the achivements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. ...
This article is about Rudolf Diesel, the German inventor. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
A bottle of peanut oil Peanut oil is an organic oil derived from peanuts, noted to have the slight aroma and taste of its parent legume. ...
Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Åukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ...
1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Logo The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is the British engineering society concerned with mechanical engineering. ...
Periodic petroleum shortages spurred research into vegetable oil as a diesel substitute during the 30s and 40s, and again in the 70s and early 80s when straight vegetable oil enjoyed its highest level of scientific interest. The 1970s also saw the formation of the first commercial enterprise to allow consumers to run straight vegetable oil in their automobiles, Elsbett of Germany. In the 1990s Bougainville conflict, islanders cut off from oil supplies due to a blockade used coconut oil to fuel their vehicles.[2] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with cooking oil. ...
The Elsbett engine is a design of diesel engine designed to run on vegetable oil. ...
Location of North Solomons (Bougainville) Province in Papua New Guinea Bougainville and neighbouring islands The Bougainville Province, also known as North Solomons Province, is an autonomous province in Papua New Guinea and is the largest of the Solomon Islands group. ...
Coconut oil, also known as coconut butter, is a fat consisting of about 90% saturated fat, extracted from coconuts and used in cosmetics as well as baking and cooking. ...
Academic research into straight vegetable oil fell off sharply in the 80s with falling petroleum prices and greater interest in biodiesel as an option that did not require extensive vehicle modifications. Joseph pursell made love to 3 little pigs then bottomed and small chinese kid named gavin Bold text This article is about transesterified plant and animal oils. ...
Application and usability While engineers and enthusiasts have been experimenting with using vegetable oil as fuel for a diesel engine since at least 1900, in all the literature, only one peer reviewed study exists that compares long term use of vegetable oil and #2 Diesel as fuels which shows no noticeable difference in rate of deterioration of the engine burning vegetable oil, for one particular model of engine, the German Deutz F3l912W .[3] (#1 Diesel has a cold-weather additive to reduce gelling) There are multiple topics for Deutz Deutz, Germany: the town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany Deutz AG: a diesel-engine manufacturer in Germany. ...
Most diesel car engines are suitable for the use of SVO, also commonly called Pure Plant Oil (PPO), with suitable modifications. Principally, the viscosity of the SVO/PPO must be reduced by preheating it, typically by using heat from the engine or electricity, otherwise poor atomization, incomplete combustion and carbonization may result. One common solution is to add an additional fuel tank for "normal" diesel fuel (petrodiesel or biodiesel) and a three way valve to switch between this additional tank and the main tank of SVO/PPO. The engine is started on diesel, switched over to vegetable oil as soon as it is warmed up and switched back to diesel shortly before being switched off to ensure it has no vegetable oil in the engine or fuel lines when it is started from cold again. In colder climates it is often necessary to heat the vegetable oil fuel lines and tank as it can become very viscous and even solidify. Another solution (the one-tank system) is to add electric pre-heating of the fuel and, if necessary, upgrade the injection pumps and glow-plugs to allow SVO/PPO fuel use with one tank. One tank conversions are most viable in hot climates. Waste Vegetable Oil which has been filtered. ...
Carbonization is the term for the conversion of an organic substance into carbon or a carbon-containing residue. ...
This article is about the fuel. ...
Joseph pursell made love to 3 little pigs then bottomed and small chinese kid named gavin Bold text This article is about transesterified plant and animal oils. ...
With unmodified engines the unfavourable effects may be reduced by blending, or "cutting", the SVO with diesel fuel; however, opinions vary as to the efficacy of this. Some WVO mechanics have found higher rates of wear and failure in fuel pumps and piston rings due to partially-combusted WVO/SVO droplets carbonizing in those components[citation needed]. For normal use, without either blending or a second tank and associated modifications in a petrodiesel engine, vegetable oil has to be transesterified to biodiesel. Efficacy is the ability to produce a desired amount of a desired effect. ...
In organic chemistry, transesterification is the process of exchanging the alkoxy group of an ester compound by another alcohol. ...
Joseph pursell made love to 3 little pigs then bottomed and small chinese kid named gavin Bold text This article is about transesterified plant and animal oils. ...
Many cars powered by indirect injection engines supplied by inline injection pumps, or mechanical Bosch injection pumps are capable of running on pure svo in all but winter temperatures.* Turbo diesels tend to run better due to the increased pressure in the injectors. Pre-CDI Mercedes-Benz vehicles and cars featuring the PSA XUD engine tend to perform well too, especially as the latter is normally equipped with a coolant heated fuel filter. In an internal combustion engine, the term indirect injection refers to a fuel injection where fuel is not directly injected into the combustion chamber. ...
Bosch is the colloquial short name for the German company Robert Bosch GmbH, as well as the last name of: Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) - Dutch painter Robert Bosch (1861-1942) - German industrialist Carl Bosch (1874-1940) - German chemist and engineer Juan Bosch (1909-2001) - Dominican politician and writer Orlando Bosch...
Diesel or diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillate of fuel oil (mostly petroleum) that is used as fuel in a diesel engine invented by German engineer Rudolf Diesel. ...
This page is about the Mercedes-Benz brand of automobiles and trucks from the DaimlerChrysler automobile manufacturer. ...
The PSA XUD is a Diesel engine designed and built by PSA - Peugeot and Citroen. ...
Found in most internal combustion engines, a fuel filter is a filter in the fuel line that screens out dirt and rust particles from the fuel. ...
Properties The main form of SVO used in the UK is rapeseed oil (also known as canola oil, primarily in the United States and Canada) which has a freezing point of -10°C. However the use of sunflower oil, which freezes at -17°C, is currently being investigated as a means of improving cold weather starting. Unfortunately oils with lower gelling points tend to be less saturated (leading to a higher iodine number) and polymerize more easily in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The iodine number in chemistry is the mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 grams of a chemical substance. ...
Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to forinear chains or a three-dimensional network of polymer chains [1]. There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to categorize them. ...
Cetane number (combustion quality) is highest with coconut oil, palm stearine, palm kernel, palm oil, palm oleine, lard and tallow. Coconut oil, palm oil, palm stearine, tallow and lard have the lowest iodine numbers. Cetane number or CN is to diesel fuel what octane rating is to gasoline. ...
Coconut oil, also known as coconut butter, is a fat consisting of about 90% saturated fat, extracted from coconuts and used in cosmetics as well as baking and cooking. ...
Palm oil from Ghana with its natural dark color visible, 2 litres Palm oil block Palm oil is a form of edible vegetable oil obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree. ...
Lard refers to pig fat in both its rendered and unrendered forms. ...
Tallow is rendered beef or mutton fat, processed from suet. ...
Coconut oil, also known as coconut butter, is a fat consisting of about 90% saturated fat, extracted from coconuts and used in cosmetics as well as baking and cooking. ...
Palm oil from Ghana with its natural dark color visible, 2 litres Palm oil block Palm oil is a form of edible vegetable oil obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree. ...
Tallow is rendered beef or mutton fat, processed from suet. ...
Lard refers to pig fat in both its rendered and unrendered forms. ...
Examples Some Pacific island nations are using coconut oil as fuel to reduce their expenses and their dependence on imported fuels while helping stabilize the coconut oil market. Coconut oil is only usable where temperatures do not drop below 17 degrees Celsius (62 degrees Fahrenheit), unless two-tank SVO/PPO kits or other tank-heating accessories, etc. are used. Fortunately, the same techniques developed to use, for example, Canola and other oils in cold climates can be implemented to make coconut oil usable in temperatures lower than 17 degrees Celsius. Coconut oil, also known as coconut butter, is a fat consisting of about 90% saturated fat, extracted from coconuts and used in cosmetics as well as baking and cooking. ...
Home heating With often minimal modification, most residential furnaces and boilers which are designed to burn No. 2 heating oil can be made to burn either biodiesel or filtered, preheated waste vegetable oil. These are generally not as clean-burning as petroleum fuel oil, but if processed at home, by the consumer, can result in considerable savings. Many restaurants will give away their used cooking oil either free or at minimal cost, and processing to biodiesel is fairly simple and inexpensive. Burning filtered WVO directly is somewhat more problematic, since it is much more viscous, but it can be accomplished with suitable preheating. WVO can thus be a very economical heating option for those with the necessary mechanical and experimental aptitude.
Availability
Waste vegetable oil As of 2000, the United States was producing in excess of 11 billion liters of waste vegetable oil annually, mainly from industrial deep fryers in potato processing plants, snack food factories and fast food restaurants. If all those 11 billion liters could be collected and used to replace the energetically equivalent amount of petroleum (a rather utopian case), almost 1% of US oil consumption could be offset.[citation needed] However, usage of waste vegetable oil as a fuel competes with already established usages. This article is in need of attention. ...
Deep frying is cooking food by submerging the whole food item in hot oil or fat, originating in Africa. ...
Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, commonly grown for its starchy tuber. ...
A snack food (commonly shortened to snack) is seen in Western culture as a type of food not meant to be eaten as a main meal of the day (breakfast, lunch, dinner). ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
Pure vegetable oil (pure plant oil) Pure plant oil (PPO) (or Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO)), in contrast to waste vegetable oil, is not a byproduct of other industries, and thus its prospects for use as fuel are not limited by the capacities of other industries. Production of vegetable oils for use as fuels is theoretically limited only by the agricultural capacity of a given economy.
The UK exported 280 000 tonnes of rapeseed in 2005. If the UK used just its set aside land it could reach its 5% biofuel target without the need for exotic and environmentally damaging oil crop imports.
Legal implications The conversion of an automobile engine to burn vegetable oil is not legal under US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines[citation needed]. The EPA has not fined anyone for doing so, but certain laws may have to change — or a certification process may need to be established — before VO conversions become more popular in the US. EPA redirects here. ...
EPA redirects here. ...
Taxation of fuel Taxation on SVO as a road fuel varies from country to country, and it is possible the revenue departments in many countries are even unaware of its use, or feel it sufficiently insignificant to legislate. Germany offers 0% taxation, resulting in their leading on most developments of the fuel use.
There seems to be no clear taxation system in the USA, however given the low rate of fuel taxation, it is unlikely to face anything unfavourable, although charges could vary from state to state. Production of biodiesel in some US regions may require motor fuel taxes to be paid, which are typically used to fund road construction costs.[4]
The Government of Canada exempted biodiesel from the federal excise tax on diesel in the March 2003 budget. In Ireland a pilot scheme is currently running (as of April 2006) whereby eight suppliers have been approved to sell SVO for use as a fuel without the payment of excise duty (Value Added Tax at 21% still applies, SVO from any other source still attracts exise duty at 36.8058 Euro cents per litre plus 21% VAT). Despite its use being common in France, it would appear there has been no legislation to cover this. Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank Money supply Fiscal policy Spending Deficit Debt Trade policy Tariff Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate Personal Public Banking Regulation Value added tax (VAT), or goods and services tax (GST), is...
“EUR†redirects here. ...
In the UK, it is legal once duty on the fuel is paid.[5] In the UK, drivers using SVO have been prosecuted for failure to pay duty to Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs. The rate of taxation on SVO was originally set at a reduced rate of 27.1p per litre, but in late 2005, HMRC started to enforce the full diesel excise rate of 47.1p per litre. Her Majestys Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is a non-ministerial department of the British Government primarily responsible for the collection of taxes, some forms of state support, and import controls. ...
The tax break has been reconfirmed by HMRC in a recent late 2006 review.[6] HM Revenue & Customs has announced changes regarding the administration and collection of excise duty of biofuels and other fuel subtitutes (Veg Oil). The changes which come into effect on June 30, 2007 mean that there is no need to register (enter premises) or pay duty on veg oil used as road fuel if you use less than 2500 litres per year.[7] Her Majestys Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is a new department of the British Government created by the merger of the Inland Revenue and Her Majestys Customs and Excise which came into formal effect on 18 April 2005. ...
June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
HMRC argued that SVOs on the market from small producers did not meet the official definition of "biodiesel" in Section 2AA of The Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979 (HODA), and consequently was merely a "fuel substitute" chargeable at the normal diesel rate. Such a policy seemed to contradict the UK Government's commitments to the Kyoto Protocol and to many EU directives and had many consequences, including an attempt to make the increase retroactive, with one organisation being presented with a £16,000 back tax bill. This change in the rate of excise duty has effectively removed any commercial incentive to use SVO, regardless of its desirability on environmental grounds; unless waste vegetable oil can be obtained free of charge, the combined price of SVO and taxation for its use usually exceeds the price of mineral diesel. HMRC's interpretation is being widely challenged by the SVO industry and the UK pure Plant Oil Association (UKPPOA) has been formed to represent the interests of people using vegetable oil as fuel and to lobby parliament.[8] Kyoto Protocol Opened for signature December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan Entered into force February 16, 2005. ...
See also // There is a limited amount of fossil fuel in the ground. ...
References - Tickell, Joshua (2000). From the Fryer to the Fuel Tank. Greenteach. ISBN 0-9707227-0-2.
The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ...
June 11 is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 190 days remaining. ...
Her Majestys Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is a new department of the British Government created by the merger of the Inland Revenue and Her Majestys Customs and Excise which came into formal effect on 18 April 2005. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 190 days remaining. ...
Her Majestys Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is a new department of the British Government created by the merger of the Inland Revenue and Her Majestys Customs and Excise which came into formal effect on 18 April 2005. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
May 4 is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Her Majestys Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is a new department of the British Government created by the merger of the Inland Revenue and Her Majestys Customs and Excise which came into formal effect on 18 April 2005. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 190 days remaining. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
May 4 is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Joshua Tickell is the author of From the Fryer to the Fuel Tank ISBN 0970722702 Published by Greenteach. ...
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Bioalcohol is alcohol obtained from biological sources, not from petroleum. ...
Joseph pursell made love to 3 little pigs then bottomed and small chinese kid named gavin Bold text This article is about transesterified plant and animal oils. ...
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Biogas-bus in Bern, Switzerland Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ...
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There is a large number of public transport systems in European towns that fulfill several of the BRT criteria given above, but they are rarely designated as BRT. Bus lanes and exclusive use of key city-centre streets is commonplace, and bus priority on approach to traffic lights is quite...
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this is wikjipeda A streetcar drawing current from a single overhead wire, returning current through the rails and ground An electric locomotive, taking power through a pantograph An electric vehicle, or EV, is a vehicle with one or more electric motors for propulsion. ...
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NASA G2 flywheel Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as inertial energy. ...
Grid energy storage is the use of various energy storage techniques to complement electric power generation plants on the transmission grid. ...
Hydrogen storage is the main technological problem of a viable hydrogen economy. ...
A seasonal thermal store (also known as a seasonal heat store or inter-seasonal thermal store) is a store designed to retain heat deposited during the hot summer months for use during colder winter weather. ...
Thermal energy storage can refer to a number of technologies that store energy in a thermal reservoir for later reuse. ...
Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ...
Ecosystem services are processes by which the natural environment produces resources useful to people. ...
Ecovillages are intended to be socially, economically and ecologically sustainable intentional communities. ...
For the physical concepts, see conservation of energy and energy efficiency. ...
Energy demand management is also known as demand side management (DSM). ...
Green Map of Cambridge, Massachusetts Green Maps are environmentally themed maps which are usually created as a grassroots effort with a symbol set licensed from the non-profit Green Map System. ...
Infrastructural capital refers to any physical means of production or means of protection beyond that which can be gathered or found directly in nature, i. ...
Permaculture Mandala summarising the ethics and principles of permaculture design. ...
World renewable energy in 2005 (except 2004 data for items marked* or **). Enlarge image to read exclusions. ...
Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ...
Simple living (or voluntary simplicity) is a lifestyle individuals may pursue for a variety of motivations, such as spirituality, health, or ecology. ...
Sustainable development is defined by its proponents as balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. ...
Sustainable living might best be defined as a lifestyle that could, hypothetically, be sustained unmodified for many generations without exhausting any natural resources. ...
The Natural Step is a systematic definition of sustainability developed by Swedish scientist, Karl-Henrik Robèrt. ...
The ton of oil equivalent (TOE) is a unit for measuring energy. ...
In economics, value of Earth is the ultimate in ecosystem valuation, and important to value of life calculations. ...
World power usage in terawatts (TW), 1980-2004. ...
Zoning in Permaculture design refers to a method of ensuring that elements are correctly placed. ...
Appropriate technology is technology that is appropriate to the environmental, cultural and economic situation it is intended for. ...
The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Off-the-grid. ...
Cob building dated 1539 in Devon, England. ...
Composting toilets use biological processes to deal with the disposal and processing of human excrement into organic compost material. ...
The albedo of several types of roofs Cool roofs are an effective alternative to bulk attic insulation under roofs in humid tropical and subtropical climates. ...
Earth covered farm houses in Keldur, Iceland. ...
Energy-efficient landscaping is a type of landscaping designed for the purpose of conserving energy. ...
Re-creation of Viking houses in Labrador Several grass roofs can be seen in the village of Bøur in the Faroe Islands. ...
Hypermodernity is a type, mode, or stage of society that reflects a deepening or intensification of modernity. ...
A low-energy-house is any type of house that uses less energy than a regular house. ...
One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt, Germany One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt The term Passive house (Passivhaus in German) refers to the rigorous, voluntary, Passivhaus standard for energy use in buildings. ...
Rammed earth walls form part of the entrance building for the Eden Project in Cornwall, England. ...
Sheet composting is the process of composting organic matter directly onto the soil as a mulch and letting it decay there, rather than in a heap. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solar Tower. ...
Further detailed information formerly in this article was moved to Wikibooks in May 2006 Straw-bale construction is a building method that uses straw bales as structural elements, insulation, or both. ...
Superinsulation is an approach to building design, construction and retrofitting. ...
When plotted on a logarithmic graph, 15 separate lists of paradigm shifts for key events in human history show an exponential trend. ...
A windcatcher (Badgir; بادگیر) is a traditional Persian architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings. ...
Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals: environmental stewardship, farm profitability, and prosperous farming communities. ...
Subsistence farmers with a Treadle Pump. ...
Forest gardening (also known as 3-Dimensional Gardening) is a food production and land management system based on replicating woodland ecosystems, substituting trees (such as fruit or nut trees), bushes, shrubs, herbs and vegetables which have yields directly useful to mankind. ...
Humanure is a neologism designating human waste (feces and urine) that is recycled via composting for agricultural or other purposes. ...
This is a list of companion plant relationships. ...
This is a list of repellent plants. ...
Ancient technique re-introduced by Masanobu Fukuoka. ...
Vermicompost (also called worm compost, vermicast, worm castings, worm humus or worm manure) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by some species of earthworm. ...
Similar or related terms: Near zero energy building, Zero energy house, Near zero energy house A zero energy building (ZEB) can be described as structure with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year. ...
It has been suggested that Green design be merged into this article or section. ...
Environmental design is the process of addressing environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. ...
Sustainable architecture is building design that takes into account all aspects of the building that will affect and be affected by the environment. ...
Sustainable landscape architecture is a category of sustainable design concerned with the planning and design of outdoor space. ...
Ecological economics is an approach to rather than a branch of economics that addresses the interdependence and co-evolution between human economies and natural ecosystems. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Green economics is an approach to economics in which the economy is considered to be a component of, and dependent upon, the natural world within which it resides and of which is it considered a part. ...
Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored in. ...
A hydrogen economy is a hypothetical future economy in which energy, for mobile applications (vehicles, aircraft) and electrical grid load balancing (daily peak demand reserve), is stored as hydrogen (H2). ...
A liquid nitrogen (LN2) economy is a hypothetical proposal for a future economy in which the primary form of energy storage and transport is liquid nitrogen. ...
A low-carbon economy is a future economy in which the use of carbon based fuels and carbon dioxide emissions from burning fuels are significantly reduced. ...
The triple bottom line, a. ...
The earliest mention of the phrase sustainable industries appeared in 1990 in a story about a Japanese group reforesting a tropical forest to help create sustainable industries for the local populace. ...
Parkland in Burkina Faso: Sorghum grown under Faidherbia albida and Borassus akeassii near Banfora, Burkina Faso Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry technologies to create more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. ...
Ecoforestry is forestry that emphasizes holistic practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems1 instead of traditional forestry that maximizes economic productivity. ...
Timber Exploitation of natural resources is an essential condition of the human existence. ...
Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use and harvest energy, water, and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal — the complete building life cycle. ...
Green chemistry is a chemical philosophy encouraging the design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. ...
Green Computing is the design of technological and computing products that reduce the use of hazardous substances and radiation. ...
Natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. ...
This article is about a concept related to renewable energy, of which sustainable energy is a superset. ...
Sustainable forest management (SFM) is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development. ...
Sustainable procurement is a spending and investment process typically associated with public policy, although it is equally applicable to the private sector. ...
Girl on a bicycle in a car free area in Frankfurt Sustainable transport is a phrase which was coined in the late 20th century to describe all forms of transport which minimise emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants. ...
Sustainable waste · Living machines · Mycoremediation
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