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Production of new individuals along a leaf margin of the air plant, Kalanchoë pinnata. The small plant in front is about 1 cm tall. The concept of "individual" is obviously stretched by this process.

Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction found in plants, and is also called vegetative propagation or vegetative multiplication. It is a process by which new plant "individuals" arise or are obtained without production of seeds or spores. It is both a natural process in many plant species (including organisms that may or may not be considered "plants", such as bacteria and fungi) and one utilized or encouraged by horticulturists to obtain quantities of economically valuable plants. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Download high resolution version (850x640, 143 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (850x640, 143 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... It has been suggested that Parthenogenesis be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Horticulture (Latin: hortus (garden plant) + cultura (culture)) are classically defined as the culture or growing of garden plants. ...

Natural vegetative reproduction is mostly a process found in herbaceous and woody perennial plants, and typically involves structural modifications of the stem, although any horizontal, underground part of a plant (whether stem or a root) can contribute to vegetative reproduction of a plant. And, in a few species (such as Kalanchoë shown at right), leaves are involved in vegetative reproduction. Most plant species that survive and significantly expand by vegetative reproduction would be perennial almost by definition, since specialized organs of vegetative reproduction, like seeds of annuals, serve to survive seasonally harsh conditions. A plant that persists in a location through vegetative reproduction of individuals over a long period of time constitutes a clonal colony. Illustration of a physical process: a geyser in action. Process (lat. ... A herb (pronounced hurb in Commonwealth English and urb in American English) is a plant grown for culinary, medicinal, or in some cases even spiritual value. ... For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ... Red Valerian, a perennial plant. ... Stem showing internode and nodes plus leaf petiole and new stem rising from node. ... For other uses, see Root (disambiguation). ... Species See text. ... Look up foliage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... A clonal colony is a group of plants (or fungi) that have grown in a given location, all originating vegetatively, not sexually, from a given single ancestor. ...

In a sense, this process is not one of "reproduction" but one of survival and expansion of biomass of the individual. When an individual organism increases in size via cell multiplication and remains intact, the process is called "vegetative growth". However, in vegetative reproduction, the new plants that result are new individuals in almost every respect except genetic. And of considerable interest is how this process appears to reset the aging clock. Domains and Kingdoms Nanobes Acytota Cytota Bacteria Neomura Archaea Eukaryota Bikonta Apusozoa Rhizaria Excavata Archaeplastida Rhodophyta Glaucophyta Plantae Heterokontophyta Haptophyta Cryptophyta Alveolata Unikonta Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Choanozoa Fungi Animalia An ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Life on Earth redirects here. ... Plant senescence is a heavily studied subject just as it is in the other kingdoms of life. ...

==Natural vegetative structures == are fuck shit !! The rhizome is a modified underground stem serving as an organ of vegetative reproduction, e.g. Polypody. For other uses, see Rhizome (disambiguation). ... Genera Aglaomorpha Belvisia Campyloneurum Crypsinus Cyrtomium Dicranoglossum Drymogolossum Drynaria Goniophlebium Lepisorus Leptochilus Marginariopsis Microgramma Microphlebodium Microsorium Myrmecophila Neurodium Niphidium Pecluma Phlebodium Phymatodes Platycerium Polypodium w/ synonyms Pleopodium Pleopeltis Polypodiodes Polypodiopteris Pseudocolysis Pyrrosia Solanopteris Thylacopteris many others Polypodiaceae is a family of polypod ferns, which includes approximately 50 genera divided into...

Prostrate aerial stems, called runners or stolons are important vegetative reproduction organs in some species, such as the strawberry, numerous grasses, and some ferns. Silverweed (Argentina anserina) picture showing red stolons. ... For other uses, see Strawberry (disambiguation). ... Subfamilies There are 7 subfamilies: Subfamily Arundinoideae Subfamily Bambusoideae Subfamily Centothecoideae Subfamily Chloridoideae Subfamily Panicoideae Subfamily Pooideae Subfamily Stipoideae The true grasses are monocotyledonous plants (Class Liliopsida) in the Family Poaceae, also known as Gramineae. ... This article is about the group of pteridophyte plants. ...

Adventitious buds form on roots near the ground surface, on damaged stems (as on the stumps of cut trees), or on old roots. These develop into above-ground stems and leaves. Adventitious, in botany, refers to structures that develop in an unusual place, and in medicine, it refers to conditions acquired after birth. ...

A form of budding called suckering is the reproduction or regeneration of a plant by shoots that arise from an existing root system. Species that characteristically produce suckers include Elm (Ulmus), Dandelion (Taraxacum), and members of the Rose Family (Rosa). A sucker emerging from the base of a young tree This stump is almost entirely obscured by suckers. ... In biology, regeneration is an organisms ability to replace body parts. ... In mathematics, a root system is a configuration of vectors in a Euclidean space satisfying certain geometrical properties. ... Species See Elm species, varieties, cultivars and hybrids Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees making up the genus Ulmus, family Ulmaceae, found throughout the Northern Hemisphere from Siberia to Indonesia, Mexico to Japan. ... For other uses, see Dandelion (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Rose (disambiguation). ...

Another type of a vegetative reproduction is the production of bulbs. Plants like onion (Allium cepa), hyacinth (Hyacinth), narcissus (Narcissus) and tulips (Tulipa) reproduce by forming bulbs. Shallot bulbs A bulb is an underground vertical shoot that has modified leaves (or thickened leaf bases) that is used as food storage organs by a dormant plant. ... For other uses, see Onion (disambiguation). ... Genera Hyacinthus litwinowii Hyacinthus orientalis Hyacinthus transcaspicus A Hyacinth is any plant of genus Hyacinthus, which are bulbous herbs formerly placed in the lily family Liliaceae but now regarded as the type genus of the separate family Hyacinthaceae. ... This article is about the flower. ... [[Media:Example. ...

Other plants like potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and dahlia (Dahlia) reproduce by a method similar to bulbs: they produce tubers. For other uses, see Potato (disambiguation). ... Species 30 species, 20,000 cultivars Dahlia is a genus of bushy, summer- and autumn-flowering, tuberous perennial plants native to Mexico, where they are the national flower. ... For fungal genus, see tuber (genus). ...

Gladioli and crocuses (Crocus) reproduce by forming a bulb-like structure called a corm. Species About 260, see text Gladiolus (from Latin, the diminutive of gladius, a sword), sometimes called the sword lily, is a genus of flowering plants, iris family (Iridaceae). ... Species See text. ... Taro corms for sale in a Réunion market A corm is a short, vertical, swollen underground plant stem that serves as a storage organ used by some plants to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat (estivation). ...

Exceptions

Vegetative propagation is usually considered a cloning method. However, there are several cases where vegetatively propagated plants are not genetically identical. Rooted stem cuttings of thornless blackberries will revert to thorny type because the adventitious shoot develops from a cell that is genetically thorny. Thornless blackberry is a chimera, with the epidermal layers genetically thornless but the tissue beneath it genetically thorny. Leaf cutting propagation of certain chimeral variegated plants, such as snake plant, will produce mainly nonvariegated plants. Chimeras in botany are single organisms composed of two genetically different types of tissue. ...

Grafting is often not a complete cloning method because sexual seedlings are used as rootstocks. In that case only the top of the plant is clonal. In some crops, particularly apples, the rootstocks are vegetatively propagated so the entire graft can be clonal if the scion and rootstock are both clones.

Apomixis is a type of sexual reproduction involving unfertilized seeds. Hawkweed (Hieracium), dandelion (Taraxacum), some Citrus (Citrus) and Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis) all use this form of asexual reproduction. Bulbils are sometimes formed in the flowers of garlic. The leafy crown of a pineapple fruit will root to form a new plant. These cases would not be vegetative reproduction because normally reproductive parts were involved. They would be considered asexual reproduction however. Vegetative reproduction involves only vegetative structures, i.e. roots, stems or leaves. In botany, apomixis is asexual reproduction, without fertilization. ... Genera Hieracium Pilosella Hawkweed refers to any species in the very large genus Hieracium and its segregate genus Pilosella, in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). ... For other uses, see Dandelion (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Citrus (disambiguation). ... Species About 500 species, including: Poa abbreviata- Short Bluegrass Poa alpigena- Northern Meadow-grass Poa alpina- Alpine Meadow-grass Poa alsodes- Grove Bluegrass Poa angustifolia- Narrow-leaved Meadow-grass Poa annua- Annual Meadow-grass Poa arachnifera- Texas Bluegrass Poa arctica- Arctic Meadow-grass Poa badensis Poa bulbosa- Bulbous Meadow-grass... Binomial name L. Allium sativum L., commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family Alliaceae. ... For other uses, see Pineapple (disambiguation). ...

Horticultural aspects

Man-made methods of vegetative reproduction are usually enhancements of natural processes, but range from simple cloning such as rooting of cuttings to grafting and artificial propagation by laboratory tissue cloning. It is very commonly practised to propagate cultivars with individual desirable characteristics. Fruit tree propagation is frequently performed by budding or grafting desirable cultivars (clones), onto rootstocks that are also clones, propagated by layering. For the cloning of human beings, see human cloning. ... Grafted apple tree Malus sp. ... Plant tissue culture, also called micropropagation, is a practice used to propagate plants under sterile conditions, often to produce clones of a plant. ... This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ... Fruit tree propagation is usually carried out through asexual reproduction by grafting or budding the desired variety onto a suitable rootstock. ... For the cloning of human beings, see human cloning. ... Grafting is a method of plant propagation by which one woody plant is mechanically attached to another so that the two eventually fuse together. ... Layering is a technique for plant propagation in which a portion of an aerial stem is encouraged to grow roots while still attached to the parent plant, and then removed and planted as a new plant. ...

In horticulture, a "cutting" is a branch that has been cut off from a mother plant below an internode and then rooted, often with the help of a rooting liquid or powder containing hormones. When a full root has formed and leaves begin to sprout anew, the clone is a self-sufficient plant, genetically identical to the mother plant. Examples are cutting from the stems of blackberries (Rubus occidentalis), cutting from leaves of African violets (Saintpaulia), and cutting the stems of verbenas (Verbena) to create new plants. A related form of regeneration is that of grafting. This is a process of taking a bud and grafting onto a plants stem. Many nurseries now sell trees that can produce four or more varieties of apples (Malus spp.) from stems grafted to a common rootstock. For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Biology stubs ... Categories: | ... Plant hormones (also known as plant growth regulators (PGRs) and phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate a plants growth. ... This article is about the wireless e-mail device. ... The African violet (Saintpaulia) is of the Gesneriaceae family. ... Species About 250 species, including: Verbena alata Verbena bonariensis Verbena bracteata Verbena brasiliensis Verbena canadensis Verbena carolina Verbena corymbosa Verbena elegans Verbena gracilis Verbena hastata Verbena hispida Verbena incisa Verbena laciniata Verbena lasiostachys Verbena macdougallii Verbena menthifolia Verbena officinalis Verbena peruviana Verbena phlogiflora Verbena rigida Verbena robusta Verbena runyonii Verbena... Grafted apple tree Malus sp. ... A nursery is a place where plants are propagated, usually for sale as a business, though some gardeners and farmers keep private nurseries. ... This article is about the fruit. ...

Cultivated plants propagated by vegetative methods

A number of commonly cultivated plants are propagated by vegetative means rather than by seeds. This is a listing of such plants:

Apple

Avocado

Banana

Cacao

Canna

Cannabis

Citrus (lemon, orange, grapefruit)

Date

Fig

Grapes

Manioc (cassava)

Nut crops (walnut, pecan)

Pineapple

Pear

Poplar

Potato

Strawberry

Sugar cane

Tea

Vanilla

Willow

This article is about the fruit. ... Binomial name Mill. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For the town in French Guiana, see Cacao, French Guiana. ... Species 19 classified species, see list below Canna (or Canna lily, although not a true lily) is a genus of nineteen species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Cannaceae. ... This article is about the plant genus Cannabis. ... For other uses, see Citrus (disambiguation). ... This article is about the fruit. ... Binomial name (L.) Osbeck Orange—specifically, sweet orange—refers to the citrus tree Citrus sinensis (syn. ... Binomial name Macfad. ... Binomial name Phoenix dactylifera L. The Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera is a palm, extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. ... Species About 800, including: Ficus altissima Ficus americana Ficus aurea Ficus benghalensis- Indian Banyan Ficus benjamina- Weeping Fig Ficus broadwayi Ficus carica- Common Fig Ficus citrifolia Ficus coronata Ficus drupacea Ficus elastica Ficus godeffroyi Ficus grenadensis Ficus hartii Ficus lyrata Ficus macbrideii Ficus macrophylla- Moreton Bay Fig Ficus microcarpa- Chinese... Species Vitis acerifolia Vitis aestivalis Vitis amurensis Vitis arizonica Vitis x bourquina Vitis californica Vitis x champinii Vitis cinerea Vitis x doaniana Vitis girdiana Vitis labrusca Vitis x labruscana Vitis monticola Vitis mustangensis Vitis x novae-angliae Vitis palmata Vitis riparia Vitis rotundifolia Vitis rupestris Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis tiliifolia Vitis... Binomial name Manihot esculenta Crantz Cassava or manioc (Manihot esculenta; also yuca in Spanish, and mandioca, aipim, or macaxera in Portuguese) is a woody perennial shrub of the spurge family, that is extensively cultivated as an annual crop for its edible starchy tuberous root. ... For other uses, see Walnut (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh. ... For other uses, see Pineapple (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about woody plants of the genus Populus. ... For other uses, see Potato (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Strawberry (disambiguation). ... Species Ref: ITIS 42058 as of 2004-05-05 Sugarcane is one of six species of a tall tropical southeast Asian grass (Family Poaceae) having stout fibrous jointed stalks whose sap at one time was the primary source of sugar. ... For other uses, see Tea (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Vanilla (disambiguation). ... Species About 350, including: Salix acutifolia - Violet Willow Salix alaxensis - Alaska Willow Salix alba - White Willow Salix alpina - Alpine Willow Salix amygdaloides - Peachleaf Willow Salix arbuscula - Mountain Willow Salix arbusculoides - Littletree Willow Salix arctica - Arctic Willow Salix atrocinerea Salix aurita - Eared Willow Salix babylonica - Peking Willow Salix bakko Salix barrattiana...

See also

• Micropropagation