NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Vehicle armor

A destroyed The M113 during the Vietnam War The M113 is an armored personnel carrier family. It was first introduced in 1960, developed the from the M59 and M75 which were designed by Ford and Kaiser Aluminium and Chemical Co. in the late 1950s. It is a tracked vehicle capable of amphibious... M113 armoured personnel carrier show a section of the armour.

Armour often refers in a modern military context to the An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, equipped with protection against hostile attacks and often mounted weapons. Most AFVs are equipped for driving in rugged terrain. Types of AFVs Tank Armoured personnel carrier (APC) Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) Assault gun Anti-tank vehicle Armored car Self-propelled artillery... armoured fighting vehicle and the This article is about the military unit. There is also an article on geological formations or stratum. A formation is a grouping of military units such as a Brigade, Division, Corps, Army or Army group. Technically, formations and units are different entities (a unit being a homogeneous organisation, such as... formations based around them. The symbol of such being the The symbol of armoured cavalry. This derives from the fact that armoured cavalry are good for putting stress on a single point until the line breaks. This should not be confused with the American hand-signal for halt or the commonwealth hand-signal for strongarm. Its antiponent is the infantry... armoured fist, (as opposed to the Strongarm Using the arm strength instead of a more tactful method. Using strength in general instead of a more tactful method. Metaphorically, holding ones arm behind his back to achieve compliance, (from the common act to achieve physical submission.) The machinegun attachment of an infantry section or platoon. The commonwealth... strongarm.)

An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, equipped with protection against hostile attacks and often mounted weapons. Most AFVs are equipped for driving in rugged terrain. Types of AFVs Tank Armoured personnel carrier (APC) Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) Assault gun Anti-tank vehicle Armored car Self-propelled artillery... Military vehicles are commonly armoured to withstand the impact of Shrapnel, in the strict sense, is shot deliberately included in a landmine or shell intended to be scattered by the explosion. The pellets in the Claymore mine used by the United States meet this definition. More loosely, the term is used to refer to any fragments or debris propelled by... shrapnel, This article is about the projectile, for other uses see bullet (disambiguation). 0.357 Magnum cartridges, containing bullets. A bullet is a projectile shot by a gun, usually made of a metal alloy. In contrast to a shell, a bullet does not contain explosives. The term bullet refers specifically to... bullets or A shell is a projectile, which, as opposed to a bullet, is not only shot by explosives, but also contains explosives itself. These objects of weaponry are generally large rounds fired by artillery, armored fighting vehicles (including tanks), and warships, such as battleships. Most shells are roughly bullet shaped—... shells, protecting the soldiers inside from enemy fire. The Design as a process can take many forms depending on the object being designed and the individual or individuals participating. The design of complex systems is sometimes called architecture or landscape architecture. Large groups of people often participate in design charrettes, while smaller groups can work in sub-groups to... design and purpose of the vehicle determines the amount of armour plating carried, as the plating is often very heavy and excessive amounts of armour restrict mobility.

Spaced armour, already used in WWI on the The Schneider CA1 was the first French tank. It was inspired by the need to overcome the horrors of the trench warfare of the Great War. The Schneider Company was a large arms manufacturer in France. Having been given the order to develop heavy artillery tractors, in January 1915 the... Schneider CA1 and St Chamond to defeat bullets, but reintroduced in the 1970s on the The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... German The Leopard is the primary post-WWII German tank design, a design that has been in use as the primary main battle tank for most European countries in various versions since the early 1960s. The original Leopard was a fairly conventional design armed with a German-built version of the... Leopard 1, uses the fact that a A shaped charge is an explosive charge shaped to focus the released energy. It is used to cut and form metal, ignite nuclear weapons, and penetrate armour. A modern shaped charge can commonly penetrate about 7 times the diameter of the charge. A typical device consists of an explosive with... shaped charge makes a jet of molten metal and plasma that dissipates after it travels a meter or two. There are hollow spaces inside the armour, increasing the length of travel from the exterior of the vehicle to the interior, in hopes of reducing the shaped charge's penetrating power; in some cases the interior surfaces of these hollow cavities are sloped, presenting angles to the anticipated path of the shaped charge's plasma jet in order to further dissipate its power. Thus instead of having a single 30cm layer of steel armour, it is possible to have two 15 cm layers half a meter or more apart, giving far greater protection against shaped charges at no penalty in weight.

Composite (aka Composite armour is a type of armour consisting of layers of different material such as metals, plastics, ceramics or air. Most composite armours are lighter than their all-metal equivalent, but instead occupy a larger volume for the same resistance to penetration. It is possible to design a composite armour... Chobham) armour was developed in the 1970s - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css; /**/ 1970s From Wikipedia Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium Events and trends Although in the United States and in many other Western societies the 1970s are often seen as a period of... 1970s by the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and a member of the British Commonwealth and European Union. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, UK or, inaccurately, as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent parts. Three of these parts... British and first used on the American The M1 Abrams main battle tank is the principal combat tank of the United States Army. It is named after General Creighton Abrams, former Army Chief of Staff and commander of the Armys 37th Armored Battalion. Production history The M1 Abrams was designed by the General Dynamics Corporation and... M1 Abrams but not, as is often presumed, on the The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... german The Leopard is the primary post-WWII German tank design, a design that has been in use as the primary main battle tank for most European countries in various versions since the early 1960s. The original Leopard was a fairly conventional design armed with a German-built version of the... Leopard 2. It consists of layers of Steel framework Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. Carbon acts as a hardening agent, preventing iron atoms, which are naturally arranged in a lattice, from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of carbon and its distribution in the... steel, The word ceramic is derived from Greek, and in its strictest sense refers to clay in all its forms. However, modern usage of the term broadens the meaning to include all inorganic non_metallic materials. Up until the 1950s or so, the most important of these were the traditional clays, made... ceramic, and The term plastics covers a range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic condensation or polymerization products that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or fibers. Their name is derived from the fact that in their semi-liquid state they are malleable, or have the property of plasticity... plastic Honeycomb on a Langstroth frame A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal wax cells built by honeybees in their nests to contain their larvae and stores of honey and pollen. The term is also used for manmade materials that resemble it in appearance or structure. Honeycomb is essentially the furniture... honeycomb, sometimes with layers of Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium which contains a reduced proportion of the fissile isotope U-235 and (usually) the highly radioactive but rare isotope U-234, compared to natural uranium. During the Manhattan Project depleted uranium had the codename tuballoy, a term that is still occasionally used. Natural uranium contains... depleted uranium added. Composite is effective against both Kinetic energy (also called vis viva, or living force) is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion. The kinetic energy of a body is equal to the amount of work needed to establish its velocity and rotation, starting from rest. Equations Definition In words the above equation... kinetic and A shaped charge is an explosive charge shaped to focus the released energy. It is used to cut and form metal, ignite nuclear weapons, and penetrate armour. A modern shaped charge can commonly penetrate about 7 times the diameter of the charge. A typical device consists of an explosive with... shaped charge Munition is often defined as a synonyn for ammunition. A slightly broader definition would include bombs, missiles, warheads, and mines (landmines, naval mines, and claymore mines) -- what munitions factories manufacture. These munitions are flung all over battlefields and war zones with lethal intent; unexploded ones may pose a hazard to... munitions. Against kinetic penetrators, the brittle ceramic blunts the A projectile is any object sent through the air by the application of some force. In a general sense, even a football or baseball may be considered a projectile, but in practical action most projectiles are designed as weapons. Motive force Arrows, darts, spears, and similar weapons are fired using... projectile while the softer steel layers absorb its Kinetic energy (also called vis viva, or living force) is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion. The kinetic energy of a body is equal to the amount of work needed to establish its velocity and rotation, starting from rest. Equations Definition In words the above equation... kinetic energy. Still, it is significantly less effective against KE-munitions, so sometimes Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium which contains a reduced proportion of the fissile isotope U-235 and (usually) the highly radioactive but rare isotope U-234, compared to natural uranium. During the Manhattan Project depleted uranium had the codename tuballoy, a term that is still occasionally used. Natural uranium contains... depleted uranium layers are added to provide extra protection against these warheads.

An alternate description of Composite armour is a type of armour consisting of layers of different material such as metals, plastics, ceramics or air. Most composite armours are lighter than their all-metal equivalent, but instead occupy a larger volume for the same resistance to penetration. It is possible to design a composite armour... Chobham is that it combines spaced armour with composites. Supposedly the interior layer is a cast aluminum slab with rods of General Name, Symbol, Number Tungsten, W, 74 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 6 (VIB), 6 , d Density, Hardness 19250 kg/m3, 7.5 Appearance grayish white, lustrous Atomic properties Atomic weight 183.84 amu Atomic radius(calc.) 135 (193) pm Covalent radius 146 pm van der Waals radius... tungsten (encased in General Name, Symbol, Number Titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Density, Hardness 4507 kg/m3, 6 Appearance Silvery metallic Atomic properties Atomic weight 47.867 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 140 (176) pm Covalent radius 136 pm van der Waals radius no data Electron... titanium) or Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium which contains a reduced proportion of the fissile isotope U-235 and (usually) the highly radioactive but rare isotope U-234, compared to natural uranium. During the Manhattan Project depleted uranium had the codename tuballoy, a term that is still occasionally used. Natural uranium contains... depleted uranium running perpendicularly through it, intended to cause the points of high-velocity long-rod penetrator armour-piercing projectiles to deform, which sometimes causes the projectile to tip and strike the armour at an angle, presenting far greater surface area to the armour and therefore greatly increasing the resistance. An other possible type is perforated steel, with hollow spaces serving the same function that they do in spaced armour, often filled with ceramic foam and backed by layers of Chemical structure of Kevlar. Bold: Monomer unit. Dashed: hydrogen bonds. Kevlar (also produced by the Teijin Twaron company under the trade name Twaron) is a type of high strength synthetic fiber first produced by the DuPont corporation in the early 1960s, following the work of Stephanie Kwolek. It is a... Kevlar or similar material to trap and reduce fragmentation. This is the type used in the original version of the The Leopard is the primary post-WWII German tank design, a design that has been in use as the primary main battle tank for most European countries in various versions since the early 1960s. The original Leopard was a fairly conventional design armed with a German-built version of the... Leopard 2.

This article or section should include material from Explosive reactive armour Reactive armor or explosive reactive armour (ERA), is a type of armour used primarily on tanks to lessen the damage from explosions caused from missile warheads, exploding shells, grenades, or dropped bombs. Essentially all anti-tank munitions work by... Reactive armour, initially developed by The State of Israel (Hebrew: מדינת ישראל, translit.: Medinat Yisrael; Arabic: دولة اسرائيل, translit.: Daulat Israil) is a country in the Middle East on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea... Israel, uses layers of high This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. There are many other varieties of more exotic explosive material, and theoretical methods of causing explosions such as nuclear explosives and antimatter, and other methods of producing explosions, such as abrupt heating with a high-intensity laser or electric arc. Any explosive... explosive sandwiched between steel plates. When a shaped-charge warhead hits, the explosive Detonation is a process of supersonic combustion that involves a shock wave and a reaction zone behind it. The shock compresses the material thus increasing the temperature to the point of ignition. The ignited material burns behind the shock and releases energy that supports the shock propagation. This self-sustained... detonates and pushes the steel plates into the warhead, disrupting the charge's The word plasma has a Greek root which means to be formed or molded (the word plastic shares this root). In physics and chemistry, a plasma is an ionised gas characterized by collective electromagnetic behavior. For more information see the article on plasma physics. In medicine, the fluid portion of... plasma flow. It is less effective against kinetic penetrators.

Sloping and curving armour both increase the effective thickness, as a projectile striking at an This article is about angles in geometry. For other articles, see Angle (disambiguation) An angle (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr... angle must cut through more armour than one impacting A perpendicular line. Perpendicular is a geometric term that may be used as a noun or adjective. The fundamental meaning pertains to the position of straight lines relative to one another. Two lines are said to be perpendicular if they meet at a right angle. Note that two line segments... perpendicularly. They also increase the Chance can be used in any of the following contexts: Probability Luck Randomness Chance is also a 2002 movie starring Amber Benson. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you... chances of deflecting projectiles. The sloping front armour of a The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. The turret is low-profile, well-integrated into the overall shape of the vehicle. A tank is a tracked and armoured combat vehicle (armoured fighting vehicle), designed primarily to destroy enemy ground forces by direct fire. A modern... tank is often called the A glacis, in military engineering (see Fortification and Siege) is an artificial slope of earth in the front of works, so constructed as to keep an assailant under the fire of the defenders to the last possible moment. On the natural ground level, troops attacking any high work would be... glacis, and provides the best protection as it is assumed to be the easiest part of the tank to hit. It is also made the thickest because the tank is usually considered an inherently offensive weapon, and it is has been assumed by designers since before the Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (60,000 ft) into the air. August 9, 1945 World War II was a global conflict that started in 7 July 1937 in Asia and 1 September 1939 in Europe and lasted until 1945, involving the majority of the... Second World War that a tank will be moving directly towards the enemy almost all the time; even on the defensive, a tank will be deployed in such a way as to have the glacis oriented in the direction from which the enemy is expected to attack.

Recently, many manufacturers have added a spall liner to the inside of the armour, which is designed to absorb fragmentation (spallation) released from the impact of an enemy shell, protecting soldiers and equipment inside. They tend to be made from Chemical structure of Kevlar. Bold: Monomer unit. Dashed: hydrogen bonds. Kevlar (also produced by the Teijin Twaron company under the trade name Twaron) is a type of high strength synthetic fiber first produced by the DuPont corporation in the early 1960s, following the work of Stephanie Kwolek. It is a... kevlar or similar materials.

The most heavily armored vehicles today are the The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. The turret is low-profile, well-integrated into the overall shape of the vehicle. A tank is a tracked and armoured combat vehicle (armoured fighting vehicle), designed primarily to destroy enemy ground forces by direct fire. A modern... Main battle tanks, which are the spearhead of the ground forces, and are designed to withstand Anti-tank, or simply AT, refers to any method of combating military armored fighting vehicles, notably tanks. The most common forms of anti-tank systems are cannons with a high muzzle velocity, wire guided missiles in various forms, and various autocannon firing penetrating ammunition. Early systems Small cannon and large... anti-tank missiles, kinetic penetrators, NBC threats and in some tanks even steep-trajectory shells. The The State of Israel (Hebrew: מדינת ישראל, translit.: Medinat Yisrael; Arabic: دولة اسرائيل, translit.: Daulat Israil) is a country in the Middle East on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea... Israeli General characteristics Length: 7.6 m Width: 3.7 m Height: 2.7 m Weight: 69 t Speed: 60 km/h (road) 55 km/h (off-road) Range: 500 Primary armament: 1 x 120 mm smoothbore gun (50 rounds of ammunition) Lahat anti-tank missile Secondary armament: 1 x 12... Merkava tanks were designed in a way that each tank component could use as an additional back-up armor to protect the crew. Outer armor is modular and enables quick replacement of damaged armor.

A recent development in the UK is of electrically charged armour. A vehicle is fitted with two thin shells. The outer shell of the vehicle contains an enormous electric charge, the inner shell is a ground. The shells are separate. When an incoming round arrives, it penetrates the outer shell and in doing so forms a bridge between the outer shell and the inner shell. The enormous electric charge in the outer shell discharges through the round and destroys it. Trials have so far been extremely promising.

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