NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Velikiy Novgorod

Velikiy Novgorod (Russian: Вели́кий Но́вгород) is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia. It is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg. "Novgorod" is the Russian word for "new city", whereas "Velikiy" means "the Great". The administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, the city lies along the Volkhov River just below its outflow from Lake Ilmen. Its population in the 2002 census was 216,856. M10 is a state route in Russia connecting the two largest cities: Moscow and Saint Petersburg. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area - City 1,081 kmÂ² Population - City (2007) - Density 10,469,000 8537. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... Novgorod Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Volkhov River, also called Olhava river (Russian: Ð’Ð¾ÌÐ»Ñ…Ð¾Ð²) is a river in Novgorod and Leningrad Oblasts in Russia. ... Ilmen (Russian: ) is a historically important lake in the Novgorod Oblast of Russia, formerly a vital part of the Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. ... Russian Census of 2002 (Russian: ) was the first census of Russian Federation carried out on October 9, 2002. ...

History

Medieval Republic

Notwithstanding its name, Novgorod is the most ancient Slavic city recorded in Russia. The chronicle first mentions it in 859, when it was already a major station on the trade route from the Baltics to Byzantium. The Varangian name of the city Holmgard (also Holmgarðr, Hólmgarður, Holmgaard, Holmegård) is mentioned in Norse Sagas as existing at a yet earlier stage, but historical facts cannot here be disentangled from legend.^[1] Originally, Holmgard referred only to the stronghold southeast of the present-day city, Riurikovo Gorodishche (named in comparatively modern time after Rurik, who supposedly made it his "capital"). Archeological data suggests that the Gorodische, the residence of the Knyaz (konung or grand prince), dates from the middle of 9th century, whereas the town itself dates only from the end of the 9th century, hence the name Novgorod, "new city". By the mid-10th century, however, Novgorod had become a fully developed medieval city. Medieval walls of Novgorod City The Novgorod Feudal Republic (ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñ„ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ° or Novgorodskaya feodalnaya respublika in Russian) was a powerful medieval state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th century. ... The Trade Route from the Varangians to the Greeks (ÐŸÑƒÑ‚ÑŒ Â«Ð¸Ð· Ð²Ð°Ñ€ÑÐ³ Ð² Ð³Ñ€ÐµÐºÐ¸Â» in Russian) was a trade route, which connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus and the Byzantine Empire. ... The Varangians (Russian: Variags, Ð’Ð°Ñ€ÑÐ³Ð¸) were Scandinavians who travelled eastwards, mainly from Jutland and Sweden. ... Excerpt NjÃ¥ls saga in the MÃ¶Ã°ruvallabÃ³k (AM 132 folio 13r) circia 1350. ... Rurik or Riurik (Russian: , Old East Norse RÃ¸rik, meaning famous ruler) (ca 830 â€“ ca 879) was a Varangian who gained control of Ladoga in 862 and built the Holmgard settlement (Ryurikovo Gorodishche) in Novgorod. ... Kniazâ€™ or knyaz is a word found in some Slavic languages. ... The Germanic king originally had three main functions. ... The title Grand Prince (Latin, Magnus Princeps; German, GroÃŸfÃ¼rst, Finnish Suuriruhtinas, Swedish Storfurste, Lithuanian Didysis kunigaikÅ¡tis, Russian Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÐºÐ½ÑÐ·ÑŒ Velikii kniaz) ranks in honour below Emperor and Tsar but higher than a sovereign Prince (FÃ¼rst) or Royal Prince. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ...

In 882, Rurik's successor, Oleg of Novgorod, captured Kiev and founded the state of Kievan Rus. In that state Novgorod was the second city in importance. According to a custom, the elder son and heir of the ruling Kievan monarch was sent to rule Novgorod even as a minor. When the ruling monarch had no such son, Novgorod was governed by posadniks, such as legendary Gostomysl, Dobrynya, Konstantin, and Ostromir. In Norse sagas the city is mentioned as the capital of Gardariki (i.e., the East Slavic lands). Four Viking kings — Olav I of Norway, Olav II of Norway, Magnus I of Norway, and Harald Haardraade — sought refuge in Novgorod from enemies at home. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x3008, 1662 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Novgorod ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x3008, 1662 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Novgorod ... The Millennium of Russia (1862). ... Prince Oleg (Old Norse name Helgi, Khazarian form: Helgu) was a Varangian ruler who moved the capital of Rus from Novgorod the Great to Kiev. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the... Posadnik (Посадник in Russian) was a deputy of Kniaz in some East Slavic places assigned to rule a city or a land. ... Gostomysl is a legendary 9th-century posadnik of Novgorod who was introduced into the historiography by Vasily Tatishchev, an 18th-century historian. ... Dobrynya was Vladimir the Greats maternal uncle and tutor who was later transformed in Russian folklore into the invincible bogatyr Dobrynya Nikitich. ... Konstantin Dobrynich (? - 1022) was an 11th-century posadnik of Novgorod. ... Excerpt NjÃ¥ls saga in the MÃ¶Ã°ruvallabÃ³k (AM 132 folio 13r) circia 1350. ... Gardariki (compare Icl. ... The term Viking commonly denotes the ship-borne explorers, traders, and warriors of the Norsemen (literally, men from the north) who originated in Scandinavia and raided the coasts of the British Isles, France and other parts of Europe as far east as the Volga River in Russia from the late... Olav Tryggvason (969 - September 9, 1000) was a great-grandson of Harald Hairfair He began his meteoric career in exile as his ancestors fled from the executions of the royal family by Eric Bloodaxe. ... Olav II Haraldsson ( 995 – 1030), king from 1015–1028, called during his lifetime the Fat and afterwards known as Saint Olaf, was born in the year in which Olaf Tryggvesson came to Norway. ... Magnus I (1024 - October 25, 1047) was a King of Norway (1035 - 1047) and king of Denmark (1042 - 1047). ... Harald III (1015â€“September 25, 1066) was the king of Norway from 1046 together with the son of Olaf Haraldsson (St. ...

Of all their princes, Novgorodians cherished most the memory of Yaroslav the Wise, who promulgated their first written code of laws (later incorporated into Russkaya Pravda) and sponsored construction of the great St Sophia Cathedral, standing to this day. As a sign of gratitude for helping him to defeat his elder brother and obtain the Kievan throne, Yaroslav conferred numerous privileges on the city. On the other hand, Novgorodians named their central square after Yaroslav. Yaroslav I the Wise (978?-1054) (Christian name: Yury, or George) was thrice prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. ... Russkaya Pravda is being read to people Russkaya Pravda (Russian: , Russkaya Pravda; Ukrainian: ; Archaic: ÐŸÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð° Ð Ð¾ÑÑŒÐºÐ°, Pravda Roska) was the legal code of Kievan Rus and the subsequent Rus principalities during the times of feudal division. ... The Cathedral of St Sophia in Novgorod is the oldest preserved church in Russia. ...

In 1136, Novgorod merchants and boyars seceded from Kiev, banished their prince and proclaimed the Novgorod Republic. The powerful city state controlled most of Europe's North-East, from today's Estonia to the Ural Mountains. The most important figure in Novgorod was the Posadnik, an official elected by the popular assembly (called Veche) from the city's aristocracy. The Novgorod court was formally presided over by the Prince (also elected by the Veche), but his verdicts had to be confirmed by the Posadnik to become binding. In the 13th century, the city joined the Hanseatic League. Image File history File links 12th-century icon of Archangel Gabriel from Novgorod, called Golden-Locked Angel, currently exhibited in the State Russian Museum. ... Image File history File links 12th-century icon of Archangel Gabriel from Novgorod, called Golden-Locked Angel, currently exhibited in the State Russian Museum. ... Merchants function as professionals who deal with trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves, in order to produce profit. ... A boyar (also spelled bojar) or bolyarin was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Russian, Romanian and Bulgarian aristocracy, second only to the ruling princes, from the tenth through the seventeenth century. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted. ... Medieval walls of Novgorod City The Novgorod Feudal Republic (ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñ„ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑÐ¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ° or Novgorodskaya feodalnaya respublika in Russian) was a powerful medieval state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th century. ... A city-state is a region controlled exclusively by a city, and usually having sovereignty. ... Posadnik (Посадник in Russian) was a deputy of Kniaz in some East Slavic places assigned to rule a city or a land. ... Removal of the veche bell from Novgorod to Moscow in 1478. ... The Ancient Greek term aristocracy meant a system of government with rule by the best. This is the first definition given in most dictionaries. ... Carta marina of the Baltic Sea region (1539). ...

Throughout the Middle Ages, the city thrived culturally. Most of the population was literate and used birch bark letters for communication. It was in Novgorod that the oldest Slavic book written north of Bulgaria and the oldest inscription in a Finnic language were unearthed. When Paris and London were drowning in mud, Novgorod was praised by foreigners for its paved embankments and clean streets. Some of the most ancient Russian chronicles were written in the city. The Novgorod merchant Sadko became a popular hero of Russian folklore. A Birch bark document is a document written on pieces of birch bark. ... First page of the Novgorod Codex Novgorod Codex (Russian ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð´ÐµÐºÑ) is a name for the oldest book of Rusâ€™, unearthed on July 13, 2000 in Novgorod. ... The Birch bark letter given the document number 292, found in 1957 in excavations in Novgorod, is the oldest known document in any Finnic language. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du TrocadÃ©ro. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Novgorod First Chronicle (Russian: ) is the most ancient extant chronicle of the Novgorod Republic. ... Sadko, Palekh painting Sadko (Russian: ) was a legendary hero of a Russian bylina (epic tale) with the same name, a merchant and gusli musician from Novgorod. ... Folklore is the body of expressive culture, including tales, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, customs, material culture, and so forth, common to a particular population, comprising the traditions (including oral traditions) of that culture, subculture, or group. ...

Within the united Russian state

The city's downfall was a result of its inability to feed its large population, making it dependent on the Vladimir-Suzdal region for grain. The main cities in this area, Moscow and Tver, used this dependence to gain control over Novgorod. Eventually Ivan III annexed the city to Muscovy in 1478. Novgorod remained the third largest Russian city, however, until the famine of 1560s and Ivan the Terrible sacking the city and slaughtering thousands of its inhabitants in 1570. The city's merchant elite and nobility were deported to Moscow, Yaroslavl, and elsewhere. Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, Vladimir-Suzdal Grand Duchy (Russian: , tr. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area - City 1,081 kmÂ² Population - City (2007) - Density 10,469,000 8537. ... Tvers coat of arms depicts grand ducal crown placed on a throne. ... Albus rex Ivan III Ivan III Vasilevich (Ð˜Ð²Ð°Ð½ III Ð’Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑŒÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡) (January 22, 1440, Moscow â€“ October 27, 1505, Moscow), also known as Ivan the Great, was a grand duke of Muscovy who first adopted a more pretentious title of the grand duke of all the Russias. Sometimes referred to as the gatherer of... Muscovy (Moscow principality (ÐºÐ½ÑÐ¶ÐµÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¾ ÐœÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ðµ ÐšÐ½ÑÐ¶ÐµÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¾ ÐœÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ) to Russian Tsardom (Ð¦Ð°Ñ€ÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¾ Ð ÑƒÑÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ)) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Ivan the Terrible redirects here. ... The Massacre of Novgorod was a State-sponsored genocide that occoured in the city of Novgorod, Russia in 1570. ... A public building in Yaroslavl Yaroslavl (Russian: ) is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located 250 km north-east of Moscow at . ...

During the Time of Troubles, Novgorodians eagerly submitted to Swedish troops led by Jacob De la Gardie in summer of 1611. The city was restituted to Russia only six years later, by the Treaty of Stolbovo and regained a measure of its former prosperity by the end of the century, when such ambitious buildings as the Cathedral of the Sign and the Vyazhischi Monastery were constructed. The most famous of Russian patriarchs, Nikon, occupied the metropolian see of Novgorod between 1648 and 1652. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2128x1513, 1053 KB) Novgorod 1701-1745 from: T. Arne, Novgorod vo vremja s^vedskogo vladyc^estva po Baltijskomu Pomorju (1611-1617). ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2128x1513, 1053 KB) Novgorod 1701-1745 from: T. Arne, Novgorod vo vremja s^vedskogo vladyc^estva po Baltijskomu Pomorju (1611-1617). ... The Time of Troubles (Russian: Ð¡Ð¼ÑƒÑ‚Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ¼Ñ, Smutnoye Vremya) was a period of Russian history comprising the years of interregnum between the death of the last of the Moscow Rurikids, Tsar Feodor Ivanovich in 1598 and the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty in 1613. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Treaty of Stolbovo is a peace treaty of 1617 that ended the Ingrian War, fought between Sweden and Russia. ... Nikon (Ни́кон), born Nikita Minin (1605-1681), was patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658. ...

In 1727, Novgorod was made an administrative centre of the Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire, which was detached from Saint Petersburg Governorate (see Administrative divisions of Russia in 1727-1728). This administrative division existed until 1927. Between 1927 and 1944 the city was a part of Leningrad Oblast, and then became an administrative center of the newly formed Novgorod Oblast. Anthem: God Save the Tsar! Russian Empire in 1914 Capital Saint Petersburg Language(s) Russian Government Monarchy Emperor - 1721-1725 Peter the Great - 1894-1917 Nicholas II History - Established 22 October, 1721 - February Revolution 2 March, 1917 Area - 1897 22,400,000 km2 8,648,688 sq mi Population - 1897... Map of Saint Petersburg Governorate in 1900. ... The administrative reform of 1727 was carried out soon after Peter the Greats death, when it became apparent that previous reform was not working as planned. ... Leningrad Oblast (Russian: , tr. ... Novgorod Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ...

During the Second World War, on August 15, 1941, the city was occupied by the German Army. Its historic monuments were systematically annihilated. When the Red Army liberated the city on January 19, 1944, out of 2536 stone buildings, fewer than 40 were still standing. After WWII, the downtown was gradually restored. Its chief monuments have been declared the World Heritage Site. In 1998, the city was officially renamed Velikiy Novgorod, thus partly reverting to its medieval title "Lord Novgorod the Great". Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Army The German Army (German: Heer ) is the land component of the Bundeswehr (Federal Defence Forces) of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... The Workers and Peasants Red Army (Russian: Ð Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‡Ðµ-ÐšÑ€ÐµÑÑ‚ÑŒÑÐ½ÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐšÑ€Ð°ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐÑ€Ð¼Ð¸Ñ, Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya; RKKA or usually simply the Red Army) were the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and that in 1922 became the army of the Soviet Union. ... January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...

Sights

No other Russian or Ukrainian city may compete with Novgorod in the variety and age of its medieval monuments. The foremost among these is the St Sophia Cathedral, built in the 1040s at the behest of Yaroslav the Wise. It is the best preserved of 11th century churches, and the first one to represent original features of Russian architecture (austere stone walls, five helmet-like cupolas). Its frescoes were painted in the 12th century and renovated in the 1860s. The cathedral features famous bronze gates, made in Magdeburg in 1156 and reportedly snatched by Novgorodians from the Swedish capital Sigtuna in 1187. The Cathedral of St Sophia in Novgorod is the oldest preserved church in Russia. ... Yaroslav I the Wise (978?-1054) (Christian name: Yury, or George) was thrice prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sigtuna is a city in central Sweden in the metropolitan area of Stockholm. ...

Novgorod kremlin, traditionally known as Detinets, also contains the oldest palace in Russia (the so-called Chamber of the Facets, 1433), the oldest Russian bell tower (mid-15th cent.), and the oldest Russian clock tower (1673). Among later structures, the most remarkable are a royal palace (1771) and a bronze monument to the Millennium of Russia, representing the most important figures from the country's history (unveiled in 1862). Moscow Kremlin in the 19th century. ... The Millennium of Russia (1862). ...

Outside kremlin walls, there are three cathedrals constructed during the reign of Mstislav the Great, the last monarch of united Rus. St Nicholas Cathedral (1113-23), containing frescoes of Mstislav's family, graces Yaroslav's Court (formerly the chief square of Novgorod Republic). The Yuriev Monastery (probably the oldest in Russia, 1030) contains a gloomy Romanesque cathedral from 1119. A similar three-domed cathedral (1117), probably designed by the same masters, stands in the Antoniev Monastery. Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ... Mstislav I Vladimirovich the Great (Мстислав Владимирович Великий in Russian) (June 1, 1076 — April 14, 1132), Grand Prince of Kiev (1125-1132), the eldest son...

There are numerous ancient churches scattered throughout the city. Some of them were blown up by the Nazis and subsequently restored. The most ancient pattern is represented by those dedicated to Sts Peter and Pavel (on the Swallow's Hill, 1185-92), to Annunciation (in Myachino, 1179), to Assumption (on Volotovo Field, 1180s) and to St Paraskeva (at Yaroslav's Court, 1207). The greatest masterpiece of early Novgorod architecture is the Saviour church at Nereditsa (1198).

In the 13th century, there was a vogue for tiny churches of three-paddled design. These are represented by a small chapel in Peryn (1230s) and St Nicholas' on the Lipnya Islet (1292, also notable for its 14th-century frescoes). The next century saw development of two original church designs, one of them culminating in St Theodor's church (1360-61, fine frescoes from 1380s), and another one leading to the Saviour church on Ilyina street (1374, painted in 1378 by Feofan Grek). The Saviour' church in Kovalevo (1345) admittedly reflects Serban influence. Image File history File links Photo of the Saviour church at Nereditsa near Novgorod (1198), as taken in the 1960s. ... Image File history File links Photo of the Saviour church at Nereditsa near Novgorod (1198), as taken in the 1960s. ... Dormition of Mary (Uspenie Bogoroditsy) 1392 Biography Feofan Grek 1340?-1410? is one of Russian greatest icon painters or iconographer. ...

During the last century of republican government, some new temples were consecrated to Sts Peter and Paul (on Slavna, 1367; in Kozhevniki, 1406), to Christ's Nativity (at the Cemetery, 1387), to St John the Apostle's (1384), to the Holy Apostles (1455), to St Demetrius (1467), to St Simeon (1462), and other saints. Generally, they are not thought so innovative as the churches from the previous epoch. Several 12th-century shrines (i.e., in Opoki) were demolished brick by brick and then reconstructed exactly as they used to be.

Novgorod's conquest by Ivan III in 1478 decisively changed the character of local architecture. Large commissions were thenceforth executed by Muscovite masters and patterned after cathedrals of Moscow Kremlin: e.g., the Saviour Cathedral of Khutyn Monastery (1515), the Cathedral of the Sign (1688), the Nicholas Cathedral of Vyaschizhy Monastery (1685). Nevertheless, some parochial churches were still styled in keeping with traditions of local art: e.g., the churches of Holy Wives (1510) and of Sts Boris and Gleb (1586). Albus rex Ivan III Ivan III Vasilevich (Ð˜Ð²Ð°Ð½ III Ð’Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑŒÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡) (January 22, 1440, Moscow â€“ October 27, 1505, Moscow), also known as Ivan the Great, was a grand duke of Muscovy who first adopted a more pretentious title of the grand duke of all the Russias. Sometimes referred to as the gatherer of... The Moscow Kremlin, as seen from the Balchug. ... Khutyn Monastery of Saviours Transfiguration and of St. ...

In Vitoslavlitsy, a location on the bank of the Volkhov River, on the road to the Yuriev Monastery, a picturesque museum of wooden architecture was established in 1964. Over 20 wooden buildings (churches, houses and mills) dating from the 14th to the 19th century were transported there from all around the Novgorod region. Volkhov River, also called Olhava river (Russian: Ð’Ð¾ÌÐ»Ñ…Ð¾Ð²) is a river in Novgorod and Leningrad Oblasts in Russia. ...

Transport

Intercity transport

Novgorod has connections to Moscow (531 km) and St. Petersburg (189 km) by the federal highway M10. There are public shuttle buses to Moscow, Petersburg, and other directions. Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area - City 1,081 kmÂ² Population - City (2007) - Density 10,469,000 8537. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... M10 is a state route in Russia connecting the two largest cities: Moscow and Saint Petersburg. ...

The city has direct railway passenger connections to Moscow (to Leningradsky Rail Terminal, by night trains), St. Petersburg (to Moscow Rail Terminal and Vitebsk Rail Terminal, by suburban trains) and major cities of northwestern Russia such as Pskov and Murmansk. View from Three Station Square. ... View on the terminal from Uprising Square. ... Vitebsk Railway Station in May 2005. ... A Connex commuter train stands by the platform in Melbourne, Australia Regional rail systems, or commuter rail systems, usually provide a rail service through a central business district area into suburbs or other locations that draw large numbers of people on a daily basis. ... The Trinity Cathedral (1682-99) is a symbol of Pskovs former might and independence. ... Murmansk, Archangelsk, Dikson, Tiksi, on the Arctic Ocean Murmansk coin Murmansk (Russian: ) is a city in the extreme northwest of Russia (north of the Arctic circle) with a seaport on the Kola Gulf, 12 km from the Barents Sea on the northern shore of the Kola Peninsula, not far from...

The city's airports Yurievo and Krechevitsy do not serve any regular flights since the middle 1990s. The nearest international airport is St. Petersburg's Pulkovo, some 180 km north of the city. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3008x2000, 1898 KB) Description: Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´ Russland Weliki Nowgorod Date: 2005-08-06 photographer: Heidas Wikipedia account All pictures Please use this discussion page File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3008x2000, 1898 KB) Description: Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´ Russland Weliki Nowgorod Date: 2005-08-06 photographer: Heidas Wikipedia account All pictures Please use this discussion page File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not... Yurievo (Russian: ) is one of the two airports in the city of Velikiy Novgorod, Russia. ... Krechevitsy is an air base in Russia located 11 km northeast of Novgorod. ... Pulkovo Airport (Russian: ) (IATA: LED, ICAO: ULLI) is the international airport serving St. ...

Local transport

The local transport consists of a network of buses and trolleybuses. The trolleybus network which currently consists of 5 routes started operation in 1995, and is the first trolley system opened in Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union. Å koda 14 Tr trolleybus in Vilnius A trolleybus (also known as electric bus, trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram or simply trolley) is a bus powered by two overhead electric wires, from which it draws electricity using two trolley poles. ...

Trivia

In 1994-1997 Velikiy Novgorod was home to chess supertournament "Lord Novgorod the Great" [1] (see also list of strong chess tournaments). Chess is an abstract strategy board game for two players that is played both recreationally and competitively. ... Depicts many of the strongest international chess tournaments in history. ...

Sister cities

Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region Alsace Department Bas-Rhin (67) Intercommunality Urban Community of Strasbourg Mayor Fabienne Keller (UMP) City Statistics Land areaÂ¹ 78. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Nickname: The Flour City, The Flower City, The Worlds Image Center Motto: Rochester: Made for Living Location of Rochester in New York State Country United States State New York County Monroe Mayor Robert Duffy Area - City 37. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Bielefeld is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Watford is a town and district in Hertfordshire, England and is situated 27 km (17 miles) northwest of central London and within the bounds of the M25 motorway. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Zibo (Chinese: ; pinyin: ZÄ«bÃ³) is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, Peoples Republic of China. ...

Contents

History

Medieval Republic

Within the united Russian state

Sights

Transport

Intercity transport

Local transport

Trivia

Sister cities

See also

References

External links

Contents

History GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Medieval Republic

Within the united Russian state

Sights

Transport

Intercity transport

Local transport

Trivia

Sister cities

See also

References

External links

History