Velocity of Propagation (VoP) or velocity factor is a parameter that characterizes the speed at which an electrical or radio signal passes through a medium. Expressed as a percentage, it is the ratio of a signal's transmission speed compared to the speed of light or the speed of sound. Thus, transmission in a vacuum would have a VoP of 100. VoP equals the reciprocal of the square root of the dielectric constant of the material through which that signal passes. Look up medium in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Cherenkov effect in a swimming pool nuclear reactor. ... The speed of sound c (from Latin celeritas, velocity) varies depending on the medium through which the sound waves pass. ... In mathematics, the principal square root of a non-negative real number is denoted and represents the non-negative real number whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself) is For example, since This example suggests how square roots can arise when solving quadratic equations such as or... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ...

This parameter is used for communication media such as data cables (e.g., Category 5 cable cables). Plenum data cable typically has a VoP ranging from 42 to 72 (42% to 72% of the speed of light) and riser cable around 70. A VoP of 70 would correspond to a speed of approximately 210,000km/s or 4.76ns/m. In some technologies, such as Ethernet/Fast Ethernet the maximum length is dependent on the propagation delay of the medium. Category 5 cable, commonly known as Cat 5, is an unshielded twisted pair type cable designed for high signal integrity. ... Plenum may refer to: the antithesis of a vacuum; in other words, completely filled space. ... It has been suggested that IEEE 802. ... In computer networking, Fast Ethernet is a collective term for a number of Ethernet standards that carry traffic at the nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s, against the original Ethernet speed of 10 Mbit/s. ...

Typical velocity factors

From table 19.1 in the ARRL Handbook, some typical velocity factors: The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) was founded in May 1914 by Hiram Percy Maxim. ...

Ladder line or window line is a type of transmission line similar to twin-lead for balanced connection of antennas. ... Left: 20-way grey ribbon cable with wire no. ... Coaxial cable is an electrical cable consisting of a round conducting wire, surrounded by an insulating spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical conducting sheath, and usually surrounded by a final insulating layer. ...

See also

• Propagation delay
• Latency (engineering)
• Refractive index