| Venous (2042 words) |
 | A persistent left superior vena cava is the most common form of anomalous venous drainage involving the superior vena cava and represents persistence of the left horn of the embryonic sinus venosus, which normally involutes during normal development to become the coronary sinus. |
| Aneurysmal dilatation of the superior vena cava is recognized as being an acquired lesion of the heart and is rarely seen in children. |
| The persistent superior vena cava usually connects to the left upper corner of the left atrium between the attachment of the left atrial appendage and the left pulmonary veins. |
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