Category: Writing system stubs Younger Futhark inscription on the Vaksala Runestone The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia and the British Isles, but before Christianization also on the European Continent. ... The rune poems list the letters of a runic alphabet with a short verse characterizing each one. ... A rune stone Rune stones are somewhat flat standing stones with runic stone carvings from the Iron Age (Viking Age) and early middle ages found in most parts of Scandinavia. ... Runology is the study of the Runic alphabets and inscriptions. ... Divination according to Ralph Blum in progress The Elder Futhark may well have been used for magical and occult purposes historically; the name rune itself, taken to mean secret, something hidden, seems to indicate that knowledge of the runes was originally considered esoteric, or restricted to an elite. ... Runes see some use in popular culture. ... The 24 runes of the Elder Futhark The Elder Futhark (or Elder Fuþark, Older Futhark, Old Futhark) is the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes for Proto-Norse and other Migration period Germanic dialects of the 2nd to 8th centuries for inscriptions on artefacts (jewellery... The Fe rune ᚠ represents the f-sound. ... The rune ᚢ representing the sound u is called Ur in all three rune poems, however with different meanings: Norwegian ᚢ er af illu jarne; Dross comes from bad iron; the reindeer often races over the frozen snow. ... The rune expressing the is called Thurs (Þurs giant, see Jotun) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems: In Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called Thorn and it survives as the letter Þ. The corresponding Gothic letter, , is called þiuþ. This lack of agreement makes it difficult to reconstruct... The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Æsir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... Raidô ride, journey is the suggested Proto-Germanic name of the r-rune of the Elder Futhark áš±. The name is attested for the same rune in all three rune poems, Norwegian Ræið Icelandic Reið, Anglo-Saxon Rad, as well as for the corresponding letter of the Gothic alphabet 𐍂 r... The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning ulcer. The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is Kaunan. ... Gyfu is the name for the g-rune ᚷ in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, meaning gift or generosity: ᚷ Gyfu gumena byþ gleng and herenys, wraþu and wyrþscype and wræcna gehwam Generosity brings credit and honour, which support ones dignity; it furnishes help and subsistence... Wynn () (also spelled Wen) is a letter of the old English alphabet. ... Haglaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the h-rune Ɇ, meaning hail (the precipitation). ... Naudiz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the n-rune ᚾ, meaning need, distress. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᚾ nyd, in the Younger Futhark as ᚾ, Icelandic naud, Norse naudhr. ... Isaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the i-rune ᛁ, meaning ice. In the Younger Futhark it is called Iss in Icelandic and isa in Norse. ... Jāra or Jēra harvest, (good) year is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the j-rune ᛃ. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᛄ Gēr and ᛡ Ior. ... Eihwaz (or Eiwaz, Îgwaz) is the Proto-Germanic word for yew, and the reconstructed name of the rune ᛇ. Its is commonly transliterated as ei or ï. Its phonetic value at the time of the invention of the Futhark (2nd century) was not necessarily a diphtong, but possibly a vowel somewhere... ᛈ is the rune denoting the sound p in the Old Futhark runic alphabet, in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem named peorð. It does not appear in the Younger Futhark. ... Algiz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the ᛉ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ... The Trundholm Sun Chariot pulled by a horse is believed to be a sculpture illustrating an important part of Nordic Bronze Age mythology. ... Tyr rune The t-rune ᛏ is named after Tyr, and was identified with this god. ... Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b-rune ᛒ, meaning birch. In the Younger Futhark it is called bjarken in Icelandic and bjarkan in Norse. ... Ehwaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the e-rune Ɇ, meaning horse (cognate to Latin equus). ... Mannaz or Manwaz is the Proto-Germanic term for man, in the gender-neutral sense of person, human being. The word developed into Old English man, mann human being, person, (c. ... Laguz Laguz or Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune ᛚ, laguz meaning water or lake and laukaz meaning leek. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu ocean. In the Younger Futhark it is called lögr waterfall in Icelandic and logr water in... Yngvi, Ingui or Ing appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr, which meant lord. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi, alternatively Yngve, was the progenitor of the Yngling lineage, a legendary dynasty of Swedish kings from whom the earliest historical Norwegian kings in turn claimed to be descended... The d-rune (Unicode U+16DE ) is called Daeg day in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem. ... The Odal rune. ... The Anglo-Saxon Futhorc are a runic alphabet, extended from the Elder Futhark, consisting of 29, and later even 33 characters. ... The Fe rune ᚠ represents the f-sound. ... The rune ᚢ representing the sound u is called Ur in all three rune poems, however with different meanings: Norwegian ᚢ er af illu jarne; Dross comes from bad iron; the reindeer often races over the frozen snow. ... The rune expressing the is called Thurs (Þurs giant, see Jotun) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems: In Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called Thorn and it survives as the letter Þ. The corresponding Gothic letter, , is called þiuþ. This lack of agreement makes it difficult to reconstruct... The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Æsir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... Raidô ride, journey is the suggested Proto-Germanic name of the r-rune of the Elder Futhark áš±. The name is attested for the same rune in all three rune poems, Norwegian Ræið Icelandic Reið, Anglo-Saxon Rad, as well as for the corresponding letter of the Gothic alphabet 𐍂 r... The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning ulcer. The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is Kaunan. ... Gyfu is the name for the g-rune ᚷ in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, meaning gift or generosity: ᚷ Gyfu gumena byþ gleng and herenys, wraþu and wyrþscype and wræcna gehwam Generosity brings credit and honour, which support ones dignity; it furnishes help and subsistence... Wynn () (also spelled Wen) is a letter of the old English alphabet. ... Haglaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the h-rune Ɇ, meaning hail (the precipitation). ... Naudiz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the n-rune ᚾ, meaning need, distress. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᚾ nyd, in the Younger Futhark as ᚾ, Icelandic naud, Norse naudhr. ... Isaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the i-rune ᛁ, meaning ice. In the Younger Futhark it is called Iss in Icelandic and isa in Norse. ... Jāra or Jēra harvest, (good) year is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the j-rune ᛃ. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᛄ Gēr and ᛡ Ior. ... Eihwaz (or Eiwaz, Îgwaz) is the Proto-Germanic word for yew, and the reconstructed name of the rune ᛇ. Its is commonly transliterated as ei or ï. Its phonetic value at the time of the invention of the Futhark (2nd century) was not necessarily a diphtong, but possibly a vowel somewhere... ᛈ is the rune denoting the sound p in the Old Futhark runic alphabet, in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem named peorð. It does not appear in the Younger Futhark. ... Algiz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the ᛉ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ... The Trundholm Sun Chariot pulled by a horse is believed to be a sculpture illustrating an important part of Nordic Bronze Age mythology. ... Tyr rune The t-rune ᛏ is named after Tyr, and was identified with this god. ... Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b-rune ᛒ, meaning birch. In the Younger Futhark it is called bjarken in Icelandic and bjarkan in Norse. ... Ehwaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the e-rune Ɇ, meaning horse (cognate to Latin equus). ... Mannaz or Manwaz is the Proto-Germanic term for man, in the gender-neutral sense of person, human being. The word developed into Old English man, mann human being, person, (c. ... Laguz Laguz or Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune ᛚ, laguz meaning water or lake and laukaz meaning leek. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu ocean. In the Younger Futhark it is called lögr waterfall in Icelandic and logr water in... Yngvi, Ingui or Ing appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr, which meant lord. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi, alternatively Yngve, was the progenitor of the Yngling lineage, a legendary dynasty of Swedish kings from whom the earliest historical Norwegian kings in turn claimed to be descended... The d-rune (Unicode U+16DE ) is called Daeg day in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem. ... The Odal rune. ... Ansuz The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Æsir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... Ansuz The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Æsir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... Ur The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the u rune ᚢ is Ûruz aurochs or Ûram water. It is directly derived from Raetic u in both shape and sound value. ... The Ear rune of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc is a late addition to the alphabet. ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... The Fe rune ᚠ represents the f-sound. ... The rune ᚢ representing the sound u is called Ur in all three rune poems, however with different meanings: Norwegian ᚢ er af illu jarne; Dross comes from bad iron; the reindeer often races over the frozen snow. ... The rune expressing the is called Thurs (Þurs giant, see Jotun) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems: In Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called Thorn and it survives as the letter Þ. The corresponding Gothic letter, , is called þiuþ. This lack of agreement makes it difficult to reconstruct... The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Æsir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... Raidô ride, journey is the suggested Proto-Germanic name of the r-rune of the Elder Futhark áš±. The name is attested for the same rune in all three rune poems, Norwegian Ræið Icelandic Reið, Anglo-Saxon Rad, as well as for the corresponding letter of the Gothic alphabet 𐍂 r... The k-rune áš² (Younger Futhark áš´, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc áš³) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning ulcer. The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is Kaunan. ... Haglaz Haglaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the h-rune ᚺ, meaning hail (the precipitation). ... Naudiz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the n-rune ᚾ, meaning need, distress. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᚾ nyd, in the Younger Futhark as ᚾ, Icelandic naud, Norse naudhr. ... Isaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the i-rune ᛁ, meaning ice. In the Younger Futhark it is called Iss in Icelandic and isa in Norse. ... Jera Jāra or JÄ“ra harvest, (good) year is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the j-rune ᛃ. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᛄ GÄ“r and ᛡ Ior, the latter being a bind rune of Gyfu and Is (compare also á›  Ear). ... The Trundholm Sun Chariot pulled by a horse is believed to be a sculpture illustrating an important part of Nordic Bronze Age mythology. ... Tyr rune The t-rune ᛏ is named after Tyr, and was identified with this god. ... Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b-rune ᛒ, meaning birch. In the Younger Futhark it is called bjarken in Icelandic and bjarkan in Norse. ... ᛘ is a rune called Maðr (man) in the Younger Futhark alphabet. ... Laguz Laguz or Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune ᛚ, laguz meaning water or lake and laukaz meaning leek. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu ocean. In the Younger Futhark it is called lögr waterfall in Icelandic and logr water in... Algiz rune Algiz or sometimes Elhaz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the ᛉ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ... Look up F, f in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... U is the twenty-first letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ... Þþ The letter Þ (miniscule: þ), which is also known as thorn or þorn is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic alphabets. ... Look up A, a in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up R, r in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up K, k in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up G, g in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up W in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up H, h in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up N, n in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up I, i in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... J# redirects here for technical reasons; see J Sharp. ... Look up A, a in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In linguistics, a diaeresis or dieresis (AE) (from Greek diairein, to divide) is the modification of a syllable by distinctly pronouncing one of its vowels. ... Look up P, p in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Z, z in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up S, s in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The letter T is the twentieth letter in the Latin alphabet. ... Look up B, b in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up E, e in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up M, m in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up L, l in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The eng is a letter: ÅŠ (capital), Å‹ (small). ... Look up D, d in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up O, o in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Look up A, a in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ash (Æ, æ; pronounced ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet for English. ... Look up Y, y in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... EA, Ea, or ea can signify several things. ...