A store window in Venice's Jewish ghetto.

The Venetian Ghetto was the area of Venice in which Jewish people were compelled to live under the Venetian Republic. It is from its name, in the Venetian language, that the word "ghetto", used in many languages, is derived. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1199x784, 291 KB)A shot of a store window in the Jewish ghetto in Venice, Italy. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1199x784, 291 KB)A shot of a store window in the Jewish ghetto in Venice, Italy. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,251 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... The Republic of Venice was a city-state in Venetia in Northeastern Italy, based around the city of Venice. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A ghetto is an area where people from a specific racial or ethnic background live as a group in seclusion, voluntarily or involuntarily. ...

Location and Geography

A sign in the Ghetto Vechio area.

The Ghetto is an area of the Cannaregio sestiere of Venice, divided into the Ghetto Nuovo ("New Ghetto"), and the adjacent Ghetto Vecchio ("Old Ghetto"). The names of the sections of the ghetto are misleading: the Ghetto Nuovo is actually older than the Ghetto Vecchio section. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... The Cannaregio Canal, the main artery of Cannaregio, seen from the Tre Archi Bridge The Cannaregio Canal, the main artery of Cannaregio, seen from the Grand Canal of Venice Cannaregio is one of the six historic sestieri (districts) of Venice, and the northernmost of the city. ... Map of the sestieri, also showing the inland district of Mestre. ...

History

Unlike much of Europe, the presence of Jews was usually tolerated in Venice from the late fourteenth century. Restrictions on their movement and permitted trades varied, but moneylending, running pawnshops, dealing in second hand goods, tailoring, and medicine were common occupations. The tolerance of Jews in the Venetian Republic came to an end following the 1509 influx of Sephardic Jews expelled from the Iberian Peninsula in 1492, and some public figures talked of deporting or isolating the Venetian Jews. The Jews of Venice were not expelled, as was the case in many European countries, but the Venetian Ghetto was instituted in 1516 to contain them. Surrounded by canals, the area was only linked to the rest of the city by two bridges, which were closed from midnight until dawn and during certain Christian festivals, when all Jews were required to stay in the Ghetto. Moneylending is a trade in which money is lent to individuals and corporations. ... Modern pawnbroker storefront A Pawnbroker is a person who offers loans to individuals who use their personal property as collateral. ... A tailor is a person whose occupation is to sew clothes custom-fit to individuals, and to repair clothes. ... medicines, see Medication. ... 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In the strictest sense, a Sephardi (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Səfardim, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardîm) is a Jew original to the... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... The Canal du Midi, Toulouse, France Canals are man-made channels for water. ... Monument honoring the right to worship, Washington, D.C. In Christianity, worship has been considered by most Christians to be the central act of Christian identity throughout history. ...

Despite the restrictions on movement and terribly cramped conditions, the Jewish population grew, and in 1541, the quarter was enlarged to cover the neighbouring Ghetto Vecchio, and in 1633, the Ghetto Nuovissimo (Newest Ghetto) was also added. Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... Events February 13 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. ...

The area had such a dense population that – uniquely in Venice – buildings rose to six or more stories. There were numerous benevolent institutions, and it is still home to five synagogues. They are known for their interiors, the oldest, the Scuola Grande Tedesca, dating from 1528. Most have fairly plain exteriors, although the Scola Levantina is a grander, Baroque building. The Scola Spagnola now contains the Museum of Hebrew Art. A synagogue (from ancient Greek: , transliterated synagogÄ“, assembly; Hebrew: beit knesset, house of assembly; Yiddish: , shul; Ladino: , esnoga) is a Jewish house of worship. ... Events June 19 - Battle of Landriano - A French army in Italy under Marshal St. ... Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical, theatrical, sculptural fashion, expressing the triumph of absolutist church and state. ...

During Napoleon Bonaparte's occupation of Venice in 1797, the gates enclosing the Ghetto were demolished, but Venetian Jews did not gain full citizenship rights until 1818. For the rest of the 19th century, the population of the Ghetto declined steeply and many of the buildings fell into disrepair. Bonaparte as general Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

During the Second World War, some 200 Jews were deported from Venice and the Venetian Ghetto between the years of 1943 and 1945. After the end of the Holocaust, only eight returned. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Famous Venetian Jewry

Some famous Jews of the Ghetto include Leon of Modena, his family being originally from France and Meir Magino. One famous woman is Sarah Coppio Sullam, a disciple of Leone da Modena. She was an accomplished writer, debater (albeit through letters), and hosted her own salon. Leon de Modena or Yehudah Aryeh de Modena (1571-1648) was a Jewish scholar born in Venice of a notable French family which had migrated to Italy after the expulsion of the Jews from France. ... A Salon of Ladies by Abraham Bosse A salon is a gathering of people under the roof of an inspiring hostess or host, partly to amuse one another and partly to refine their taste and increase their knowledge through conversation and readings, often consciously following Horaces definition of the...

The Ghetto Today

Two young Jewish men in the Ghetto today.

Today, the Ghetto is still a center of Jewish life in the City of Venice, and is home to the aforementioned five synagogues, a yeshiva, a kosher restaurant, several Judaica shops, and a Chabad synagogue^[1]. Although only around 30 of Venice's roughtly 500 Jews still live in the Ghetto, many return there during the day for religious services in the two synagogues which are still used (the other three are only used for guided tours, offered by the Jewish Community Museum). Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... This article is about the Jewish educational system. ... The circled U indicates that this can of tuna is certified kosher by the Union of Orthodox Congregations. ... Toms Restaurant, a restaurant in New York made familiar by Suzanne Vega and the television sitcom Seinfeld A restaurant is an establishment that serves prepared food and beverages to order, to be consumed on the premises. ... For a discussion of Jews as an ethnicity or ethnic group see the article on Jew. ... For other uses, see Chabad (disambiguation). ... Jewish services (Hebrew: tefillah/תפלה, plural tefilloth/תפלות) are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism. ...

Historical Jewish Demographic of the Ghetto

Though it was home to a large number of Jews, the population living in the Venetian Ghetto never assimilated to form a distinct, "Venetian Jewish" ethnicity. The four of the five synagogues were clearly split along ethnic lines: separate synagogues existed for the German (The Scuola Grande Tedesca), Italian (The Scuola Italiana), Sephardic (The Scuola Spagnola), and Levantine Mizrahi communities (The Scola Levantina). The fifth, the Scuola Canton, is believed to either have been French, or a private synagogue for the families who funded its construction. Today, there are also populations of Ashkenazic Jews in Venice, mainly Lubavitchers who operate one of the two kosher restaurants, a yeshiva, and the aforementioned Chabad synagogue). The Italian Synagogue (Italian: ) is one of four synagogues in the Venetian Ghetto of Venice. ... Painting of the Amsterdam Esnoga — considered the mother synagogue by the Spanish and Portuguese Jews — by Emanuel de Witte (ab. ... The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in Southwest Asia south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and in the east, the north Arabian Desert and Mesopotamia. ... Languages Hebrew, Dzhidi, Judæo-Arabic, Gruzinic, Bukhori, Judeo-Berber, Juhuri and Judæo-Aramaic Religions Judaism Related ethnic groups Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardi Jews, other Jewish ethnic divisions and Arabs. ... Ashkenazi (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי, Standard Hebrew Aškanazi, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAškănāzî) Jews or Ashkenazic Jews, also called Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי&#1501...

Languages historically spoken in the confines of the Ghetto include Venetian, Italkian, Ladino, Judeo-Arabic, French, and German. In addition, Hebrew was traditionally (and still is) used on signage, inscriptions, and for official purposes such as wedding contracts (as well as, of course, in religious services). Today, English is widely used in shops and the Museum because of the large amount of English-speaking tourists. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Italkian is a Jewish-Italian dialect that combines Hebrew and Italian, it has been spoken mainly between the 10th and the 17th centuries in Rome and in central and northern Italy (notably in Livorno). ... This article deals with the Judaeo-Spanish language. ... Categories: Language stubs | Judaism-related stubs | Mizrahi Jews | Arab | Arabic languages | Jewish languages ... The word Hebrew most likely means to cross over, referring to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River. ...

Etymology

The name is derived for the "campo gheto" an area that iron foundries located there in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries used for cooling slag (Venetian "gheta"; Italian "ghetta"; from Latin GLITTU[M], GLITTUS). A foundry is a factory which produces castings of metal, both ferrous and non-ferrous. ... (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Slag is also an early play by David Hare. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

In fiction

• William Shakespeare's Anti-Judaistic play The Merchant of Venice, written ca. 1595, features Shylock, a Venetian Jew.

Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... An example of state-sponsored atheist anti-Judaism. ... Title page of the first quarto (1600) The Merchant of Venice is one of William Shakespeares best-known plays, written sometime between 1596 and 1598. ... Look up shylock in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Reception

• Hugo Pratt: Venezianische Legende. Corto Maltese. Bd 8. Novel. Carlson, Hamburg 1985, 1998. ISBN 3-551-71669-2
• Mirjam Pressler: Shylocks Tochter. Venedig im Jahre 1568. Novel. Alibaba Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1999, Bertelsmann, München 2005. ISBN 3-570-30172-9
• Rainer Maria Rilke: Eine Szene aus dem Ghetto. in: Rilke: Geschichten von lieben Gott. Insel, Leipzig 1931, Argon, Berlin 2006. (div. weitere Ausg.) ISBN 3-86610-045-0

The trilogy work by Israel Zangwill

• Kinder des Ghetto. 1897. Cronbach, Berlin 1897, 1913 (German).
• Träumer des Ghetto. 1898. Cronbach, Berlin 1908, 1922 (German).
• Komödien des Ghetto. 1907. Cronbach, Berlin 1910 (German).

Hugo Pratt (June 15, 1927, Rimini, Italy – August 20, 1995, Grandvaux, near Lausanne, Switzerland,) was an Italian comic book creator who combined his strong storytelling talent with extensive historical research on Corto Maltese and his other series. ... Corto Maltese (Corto Maltese Venetsiassa is the title of the Finnish translation of Fable of Venice. ... There are the following people with surname Carlson: A. J. Carlson Allan C. Carlson, conservative American. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Bertelsmann AG is a transnational media corporation founded in 1835, based in Gütersloh, Germany. ... Rainer Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926) is considered one of the German languages greatest 20th century poets. ... General Name, Symbol, Number argon, Ar, 18 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 3, p Appearance colorless Standard atomic weight 39. ... Israel Zangwill (February 14, 1864 - August 1, 1926) was an English-born Zionist, humourist and writer. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Ghetto (Venezia)

• Official web site of the Jewish Ghetto of Venice
• Satellite image from Google Maps (Campo di Ghetto Nuovo is the large square in the centre)
• Ghetto map and history

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

References

• Ariel Toaff, "Getto - Ghetto," The American Sephardi 6:1/2 (1973): 71-77.
• Sandra Debenedetti-Stow, The etymology of “ghetto”: new evidence from Rome, Jewish History, Volume 6, Issue 1 - 2, Mar 1992, Pages 79 - 85, DOI 10.1007/BF01695211, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01695211
• DIETRO LE PAROLE - GLOBALIZZAZIONE di Francesco Varanini URL http://www.francescovaranini.com/base.asp?pageid=2_35
• http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice_ghetto.htm

Coordinates: 45°26′43″N, 12°19′35″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Also See:

• Moses Soave