 Gray's FIG. 712– Transverse section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi. The ventral tegmentum or the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is part of the midbrain, lying close to the substantia nigra and the red nucleus. It is rich in dopamine and serotonin neurons and is part of two major dopamine pathways: Image File history File links Gray712. ...
Image File history File links Gray712. ...
Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...
In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon (or midbrain) is the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube that forms the brain of developing animals. ...
The substantia nigra (Latin for black substance) is a portion of the midbrain thought to be involved in certain aspects of movement and attention. ...
The red nucleus is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. ...
Dopamine is a chemical naturally produced in the body. ...
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. ...
A neural pathway is a neural tract connecting one part of the nervous system with another, usually consisting of bundles of elongated, myelin insultated neurons, known collectively as white matter. ...
- the mesolimbic pathway, which connects the VTA to the nucleus accumbens
- the mesocortical pathway, which connects the VTA to cortical areas in the frontal lobes
It is considered to be part of the pleasure or reward system, one of the major sources of incentive and behavioural motivation. Activities which produce pleasure tend to activate the ventral tegmentum, and drugs (such as cocaine) directly target this area. Hence it is widely implicated in neurobiological theories of addiction. The mesolimbic pathway is one of the neural pathways in the brain which links the ventral tegmentum area in the midbrain to the nucleus accumbens in the limbic system. ...
The nucleus accumbens (also known as the accumbens nucleus or nucleus accumbens septi) is a collection of neurons located where the head of the caudate and the anterior portion of the putamen meet just lateral to the septum pellucidum. ...
The mesocortical pathway is a neural pathway which connects the ventral tegmentum to the cortex, particularly the frontal lobes. ...
Cortex (Latin for bark) has different meanings, depending on the context: In neuroanatomy: the cerebral cortex (often simply called cortex) is the thin wrinkled outermost layer of the brain. ...
The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of vertebrates. ...
This article is about an emotion. ...
This article is about the drug Cocaine. ...
Addiction is a compulsion to repeat a behaviour regardless of its consequences. ...
It is also implicated in theories of emotion and security motivation, where it may also play a role in avoidance and fear conditioning. Emotion in its most general definition is a neural impulse that moves an organism to action, originating automatic reaction behavior which has been adapted through evolution as a survival need. ...
Conditioning is a psychological term for what Ivan Pavlov described as the learning of conditional behavior. ...
The term tegmentum comes from the Latin word for "covering." Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
See also Dopamine is a chemical naturally produced in the body. ...
The mesocortical pathway is a neural pathway which connects the ventral tegmentum to the cortex, particularly the frontal lobes. ...
The mesolimbic pathway is one of the neural pathways in the brain which links the ventral tegmentum area in the midbrain to the nucleus accumbens in the limbic system. ...
The nucleus accumbens (also known as the accumbens nucleus or nucleus accumbens septi) is a collection of neurons located where the head of the caudate and the anterior portion of the putamen meet just lateral to the septum pellucidum. ...
External links - Ventral tegmental system: anatomy and connectivity
| Mesencephalon (midbrain) | | cerebral peduncle: cerebral aqueduct, midbrain tegmentum (ventral tegmentum), pretectum, substantia nigra, red nucleus In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon (or midbrain) is the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube that forms the brain of developing animals. ...
The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. ...
The mesencephalic duct, also known as the Aqueduct of Silvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the thalamus (or diencephalon) to the fourth ventricle, which is between the pons and cerebellum. ...
The midbrain tegmentum is part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct. ...
Pretectum is a structure located in the midbrain. ...
The substantia nigra (Latin for black substance) is a portion of the midbrain thought to be involved in certain aspects of movement and attention. ...
The red nucleus is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. ...
tectum: corpora quadrigemina, inferior colliculi, superior colliculi The tectum is the dorsal part of the midbrain, derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. ...
Corpora quadrigemina (Latin: four twins) is the collective name given to both pairs of the inferior and superior colliculi. ...
The paired inferior colliculi together with the superior colliculi form the eminences of the corpora quadrigemina. ...
The superior colliculus is part of the brain that sits below the thalamus and surrounds the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. ...
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