Vénuste Niyongabo (born December 9, 1973) is a middle distance runner from Burundi. In 1996, he became the first Olympic champion from that nation by winning the 5000 m at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Remarkably, he had only competed twice before in that event prior to winning that title.

A Tutsi born in Vugizo, southern Burundi, Niyongabo had his first in athletics when he won a silver medal in the 1500 m at the 1992 World Junior Championships. He competed in his first senior tournament the following year, but was eliminated in the 1500 m semi-finals of the World Championships in Stuttgart. Niyongabo soon became one of the top 1500 m runners in the world, winning several major races in 1994 and 1995. He also won a bronze medal at the World Championships in Gothenburg, finishing behind fellow Africans Noureddine Morceli and Hicham El Guerrouj.

For the 1996 Olympics, held in Atlanta, Niyongabo was assumed to be a potential winner, but Niyongabo decided to forfeit his place to a compatriot, Dieudonné Kwizera. Kwizera had been unable to compete in the 1988 and 1992 Olympics since Burundi did not have a National Olympic Committee at the time, and was only in Atlanta as a coach. The move turned out to be a good one for both athletes; Kwizera finally became an Olympian, while Niyongabo sprinted away in the last lap of the 5000 m final to win an unexpected gold medal.

After the Olympics, Niyongabo struggled with several injuries, and never achieved the same level of competition again. His attepmt to defend his title at the 2000 Summer Olympics failed miserably, placing only 15th in his semi-final heat.