Woodrow Wilson and the American peace commissioners From http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail295.html, public domain This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the...

Woodrow Wilson and the American peace commissioners From http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail295.html, public domain This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the...

Woodrow Wilson with the American Peace Commissioners

The Treaty of Versailles of Years: 1916 is a Here is the calendar for any leap year starting on Saturday (dominical letter BA), e.g. 2000. January February March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 1 2 3 4... 1919 is the A peace treaty is an agreement between two hostile parties, usually countries or governments, that formally ends a war or armed conflict. One of the earliest recorded peace treaties was between the Hittite and Egyptian empires after the Battle of Kadesh c. 1280 BC. The battle took place in what... peace treaty created as a result of six months of negotiations at the The Paris Peace Conference was an international conference, organized by the victors of the World War I for negotiating the peace treaties between the Allied and Associated Powers and their former enemies. The conference opened on January 18, 1919 and lasted until January 21, 1920 with a few intervals. Contents... Paris Peace Conference of 1919 which put an official end to Download high resolution version (800x769, 100 KB)Soldiers of an Australian 4th Division field artillery brigade on a duckboard track passing through Chateau Wood, near Hooge in the Ypres salient, October 29, 1917. The photograph was taken by James Francis Hurley. The leading soldier is Gunner James Fulton and the... World War I between the In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. In general English usage, those who share a common goal and whose work toward that goal is complementary may be viewed as allies for various purposes even when no... Allies and Central In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. States with this ability are called powers, middle powers, regional powers, great powers (sometimes capitalized), superpowers, and hyperpowers... Central Powers. The ceremonial signing of the treaty with Germany occurred This article is in need of attention. Please improve it (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=June_28&action=edit) in any way you see fit. (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. See Talk:August_1. The correct dates for such events need... June 28, Years: 1916 is a Here is the calendar for any leap year starting on Saturday (dominical letter BA), e.g. 2000. January February March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 1 2 3 4... 1919. The treaty was ratified on January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 355 days remaining (356 in leap years). January Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19... January 10, 1920 is a This is a calendar for any leap year starting on Thursday (dominical letter DC), e.g. 2004. January February March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 1 2 3... 1920 and required that The Federal Republic of Germany ( German (Deutsch) Spoken in: Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and 38 other countries. Region: Europe Total speakers: 120 million Ranking: 9 Genetic classification: Indo-European  Germanic   West Germanic    Old High German    Middle High German    Modern... Germany and its allies accept responsibility for causing the war and pay large amounts of compensation (known as War reparations refer to the monetary compensation provided to a triumphant nation or coalition from a defeated nation or coalition. The compensation is meant to cover damage or injury during a war. Generally, the term war reparations refers to money or goods changing hands, rather than such property transfers as... war reparations). Like many other treaties, it is named for the place of its signing: the Hall of Mirrors in the Download high resolution version (1278x542, 182 KB)Versailles, the Cour dHonneur Source: French Wikipedia: Image:Chateau-de-versailles-cour.jpg This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. See French Wikipedia... Download... Palace of Versailles, the very place where the History of Germany series Franks Holy Roman Empire German Confederation German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (WWII) Germany since 1945 The history of Germany is, in places, extremely complicated and depends much on how one defines Germany. As a nation-state, Germany did not exist until 1871. Before... German Empire had been proclaimed, January 18, 1871 (below left). The choice of venue was not coincidental.

Conditions

The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. This photograph of the work is also in the public domain in the United States...

The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. This photograph of the work is also in the public domain in the United States...

Proclamation of the German Empire in the Salle des Glaces, Versailles

The treaty provided for the creation of the The League of Nations was an international organisation founded after the First World War with its constitution being approved by the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The Leagues goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation and diplomacy, and improving global welfare. The... League of Nations, a major goal of US president Woodrow Wilson Order: 28th President Term of Office: Tuesday, March 4, 1913 - Friday, March 4, 1921 Predecessor: William Howard Taft Successor: Warren G. Harding Date of Birth Sunday, December 28, 1856 Place of Birth: Shacketta, Virginia Date of Death: Sunday, February 3, 1924 Place of Death: Washington, D.C. First... Woodrow Wilson. The purpose of the organization was to arbitrate conflicts between nations before they lead to war.

Other provisions included the loss of German colonies and loss of German territories. The list of the former German provinces that changed their affiliation:

• French: Alsace-Lorraine; German: Elsaß-Lothringen) was the territory ceded by France to the newly-unified Germany under the 1871 Treaty of Frankfurt (which ended the Franco-Prussian War) and restored to France after World War I by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. Its legal name is Alsace-Moselle. Area... Alsace-Lorraine (French from the beginning of (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. Historians will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death... 18th century to Years: 1868 1869 1870 - 1871 - 1872 1873 1874 Decades: 1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1871 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Rail transport - Science - Sport Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State leaders Contents // 1 Events 1.1... 1871) back to Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. Subject to disclaimers. Trying... France (area 14,522 km², 1,815,000 inhabitants (1905)),
• Northern This article is about the region of Schleswig on the German/Danish border. There is also Schleswig, Iowa in the United States of America. The region of Schleswig (Slesvig in Danish) covers the area about 30 km north and 40 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark. Traditionally... Schleswig at Tondern in Flag Statistics Capital: Kiel Area: ca 15,776 km² Inhabitants: 2,777,000 (1999) pop. density: 176 inh./km² Homepage: schleswig-holstein.de (http://www.schleswig-holstein.de/) ISO 3166-2: DE-SH Politics Minister-president: Heide Simonis (SPD) Ruling party: SPD/Green coalition Map Schleswig-Holstein is the... Schleswig-Holstein, after plebiscite, to Denmark (3,228 km² or 3,938km²),
• most of Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. It is located in western-central Poland, encompassing much of the area drained by the Warta River and its tributaries. The Greater Poland Voivodship (in Polish województwo wielkopolskie) is... Greater Poland (" The Province of Posen (German: Provinz Posen, Polish: Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of Prussia (1846-1918). Known as the cradle of the Polish nation, this region was the home to Poles, Germans, some Jews and a smattering of other peoples. Almost all the Poles were Roman Catholic... Provinz Posen") and Eastern Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze, German: Pommern and Pommerellen, Pomeranian (Kashubian): Pòmòrze and Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania, Pomorania) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany on the south coasts of the Baltic Sea between and on both sides of the Vistula and Oder (Odra) rivers... Pomerania ( One of four districts of East Prussia in 1920 - 1938. Major cities of West Prussia: Elblag (Elbing), Malbork (Marienburg), Kwidzyn (Marienwerder). For the article about a province of the Kingdom of Prussia see Province of West Prussia Categories: Prussia ... West Prussia) to Poland after Soldiers of Greatpolish Army Greater Poland Uprising of 1918-1919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918-19 roku) was a military insurection of the Polish people in the Greater Poland region (also called the Grand Duchy of Poznań) against the occupying German/Prussian forces. At the end of World War I... Great Poland Uprising (area 53,800 km² 4,224,000 inhabitants (1931) including 510 km² and 26,000 inhabitants from Upper Silesia),
• Hlučínsko (Hulczyn in Polish) is part of Moravian-Silesian Region of Czech Republic. Its area is 316 km². Most important city is Hlučín. History In 1742, after 1st Silesian War if become part of Prussia. In year 1920 handed over to Czechoslovakia, as part of Treaty... Hulczyn area of Upper Silesia (Polish Górny Śląsk, German Oberschlesien, Czech Horní Slezsko) is the south-eastern part of Silesia, a historical and geographical region of Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and of the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region). The region is situated in the Silesian highlands, between... Upper Silesia to Czechoslovakia (Czech: Československo, Slovak: Česko-Slovensko/before 1990 Československo) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1992 (except for the World War II period). On January 1, 1993, it peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, in what was known as the... Czechoslovakia (316 or 333 km² and 49,000 people),
• East part of Upper Silesia (Polish Górny Śląsk, German Oberschlesien, Czech Horní Slezsko) is the south-eastern part of Silesia, a historical and geographical region of Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and of the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region). The region is situated in the Silesian highlands, between... Upper Silesia, after plebiscite, to For other uses, see Poland is a country in Central Europe. Poland is also the name of some places in the United States of America: Poland, Maine Poland, New York Poland, Ohio This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the... Poland,
• the area of German cities Eupen (French: Néau) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège, 10 miles from the German border (Aachen), from the Dutch border Maastricht and from the nature reservation Hohes Venn (Ardennes). On January 1st, 2004 Eupen had a total population of 17,788 (8,619 males... Eupen and Malmedy is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège. On January 1st, 2004 Malmedy had a total population of 11,584 (5,592 males and 5,992 females). The total area is 99.96 km² which gives a population density of 115.88 inhabitants per km². At... Malmedy to For other uses, see Belgium is: a country in Europe, see United States: Belgium, Illinois Belgium, Wisconsin Belgium (town), Wisconsin Belgium Township, Minnesota Belgium, West Virginia a curse word in the radio series and US version of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is also... Belgium (area 3,214 km², 965,000 inhabitants),
• the area of Działdowo is a town in north-central Poland with 20,700 inhabitants (1995). Situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Ciechanow Voivodship (1975-1998). History Since January 17, 1920 in Poland. During WW2, German Concentration camp Soldau, 13,000 murdered out of 30,000 prisoners... Soldau in East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia. The northern part of East Prussia corresponds... East Prussia (railway station on the For other uses, see There are many places that bear the name of Warsaw. The most common include: Warsaw, capital of Poland Warsaw Voivodship (1920-1975) Duchy of Warsaw (1806-1815) However, there are also several other places in the USA known as Warsaw: Warsaw, Illinois Warsaw, Indiana Warsaw, Kentucky... Warsaw- For alternative meanings of Gdańsk and Danzig, see Gdansk (disambiguation) and Danzig (disambiguation) The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. The correct title is Gdańsk. Gdańsk (Flag) (Coat of Arms) Motto: Nec temere, nec timide (Neither rashly nor timidly... Gdansk route) to For other uses, see Poland is a country in Central Europe. Poland is also the name of some places in the United States of America: Poland, Maine Poland, New York Poland, Ohio This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the... Poland (area 492 km²),
• Northern part of East Prussia as Klaipėda Region (Memel Region, Memelland) is the name of the coastland of Lithuania around Klaipėda (formerly known as Memel) and the Curonian Lagoon, on the right bank of river Nemunas. From 1328 to 1525 it was a part of the Teutonic State, 1525-1701 the Polish... Memelland under control of Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. Subject to disclaimers. Trying... France, later transferred to The Republic of Lithuania (in Lithuanian (lietuvių kalba) Spoken in: Lithuania and 18 other countries Region: Eastern Europe Total speakers: 4 million Ranking: Genetic classification: Indo-European  Baltic   Eastern    Lithuanian Official status Official language of: Lithuania Regulated by: - Language codes ISO 639-1... Lithuania,
• plebiscite in Eastern part of West Prussia and in Southern part of East Prussia Warmia (Polish: Warmia or Warmija, Latin Warmia or Varmia, German Ermland or Ermeland) is a region between Pomerania and Masuria in north-eastern Poland. Together with Masuria it forms the Warminsko-Mazurskie Voivodship. It is located in a border area which has been under the rule of many different rulers... Warmia and This article is about geographic region of Masuria (Mazury), Poland. There is also a breed of horse called Mazury or Mazuren. Masuria is the English name for the area called Mazury in Polish (Masuren in German) in north-eastern Poland. Together with Russias Kaliningrad Oblast to the north, the... Masuria, few villages to Poland,
• the province Flag Statistics Capital: Saarbrücken Area: 2570 km² Inhabitants: 1,080,000 (2000) pop. density: 420 people/km² Homepage: http://www.saarland.de/ ISO 3166-2: DE-SL Politics Minister-president: Peter Müller (CDU) Ruling party: CDU Map With an area of 2570 km² and 1.08 million inhabitants... Saarland under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years, after that a plebiscite between France and Germany,
• the city of For alternative meanings of Gdańsk and Danzig, see Gdansk (disambiguation) and Danzig (disambiguation) The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. The correct title is Gdańsk. Gdańsk (Flag) (Coat of Arms) Motto: Nec temere, nec timide (Neither rashly nor timidly... Danzig (now For alternative meanings of Gdańsk and Danzig, see Gdansk (disambiguation) and Danzig (disambiguation) The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. The correct title is Gdańsk. Gdańsk (Flag) (Coat of Arms) Motto: Nec temere, nec timide (Neither rashly nor timidly... Gdańsk, For other uses, see Poland is a country in Central Europe. Poland is also the name of some places in the United States of America: Poland, Maine Poland, New York Poland, Ohio This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the... Poland) with the delta of Vistula river at the Baltic Sea was made the Napoleonic-era Danzig The Free City of Danzig (French: Ville Libre de Dantzig) was a semi-independent state established by Napoleon during the Napoleonic Wars in years 9 September 1807– 22 January 1813/1815. It consisted of the city of Danzig (Gdansk) with all its rural possessions in the... Freie Stadt Danzig (Free City of Danzig) under the League of Nations and partial Polish authority (area 1893 km², 408,000 inhabitants 1929).

Article 156 of the treaty transferred German concessions in 山东省 Shāndōng Shěng Abbreviation: 鲁 (pinyin: Lǔ) Origin of Name 山 shān - mountain 东 dōng - east east of the Taihang Mountains Administration Type Province Capital Jinan Largest Cities Jinan and Qingdao CPC Shandong Committee Secretary Zhang Gaoli... Shandong, This article is on the geographic and cultural entity. For other meanings, see Country China, a country in East Asia One of the two states that have China in their official title and claim sovereignty over all of China: Peoples Republic of China (governing Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau... China to Japan rather than returning sovereign authority to China. Chinese outrage over this provision led to demonstrations and the cultural movement known as the Signing of the Mayflower Compact The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was drafted by the Pilgrims while they were still aboard the Mayflower and prior to their disembarking. It was signed on November 11, 1620 in what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod... May Fourth Movement.

The Military conditions of the Treaty of Versailles were harsh and motivated not only out of fear, but a wish for revenge on the part of the French. France's lose of French: Alsace-Lorraine; German: Elsaß-Lothringen) was the territory ceded by France to the newly-unified Germany under the 1871 Treaty of Frankfurt (which ended the Franco-Prussian War) and restored to France after World War I by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. Its legal name is Alsace-Moselle. Area... Alsace-Lorraine after it had started and lost the Battle of Gravelotte Main article: Battle of Gravelotte Battle of Sedan Main article: Battle of Sedan The French were soundly defeated in several battles owing to the military superiority of the Prussian forces and their commanders. At Sedan on September 2, the French emperor Napoleon III was taken prisoner with... Franco-Prussian War contributed greatly to this wish for revenge (also known as Revanchism (from French revanche, revenge) is a term used since the 1870s to describe political campaigns to reverse territorial losses incurred on a country during previous wars and strifes, sometimes quite distant in time. Revanchism draws strength from desires to regain national esteem, local geo-political dominance, or economic advantages... revanchism). Further, the high rate of casualties and massive economic damage resulting from World War 1 (much of which was fought on French soil) caused a fear of future German aggression and an even greater sentiment for revenge. In fact a great deal of the provisions regarding Germany in the treaty can be linked back to this fear and desire for vengence.

The German army was to be restricted to 100,000 men, there was to be no conscription, no For other uses, see Tank (disambiguation). The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. The turret is low-profile, well-integrated into the overall shape of the vehicle. A tank is a tracked and armoured combat vehicle (armoured fighting vehicle), designed primarily to destroy enemy ground... tanks or heavy artillery and no general staff. The German navy was restricted to 15,000 men and no USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. Nuclear powered submarines and other large submarines are classed as ships, but are customarily referred to by their crews as boats. Most major navies of the world employ submarines. Submarines are also used for marine and freshwater... submarines while the fleet was limited to six This article is about a battleship as a type of warship. See also Battleship (game). Dreadnought redirects here. See also Workers Dreadnought. A sail battleship of around 1845 In naval history, battleships were the most heavily armed and armored warships afloat. They were designed to engage enemy warships with direct... battleships (of less than 10,000 tonnes), six The USS Port Royal (CG-73), a Ticonderoga class cruiser. In military terminology, a cruiser is a large warship capable of engaging multiple targets simultaneously. Historically they were generally considered the smallest ships capable of independent operations — destroyers usually requiring outside support such as tenders — but in modern... cruisers and 12 This article is about the warship. For other things called destroyer, see Destroyer (disambiguation). USS Lassen, an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet or battle group and defend them against... destroyers. Germany was not permitted an air force. Finally, Germany was explicitly required to retain all enlisted men for 12 years and all officers for 25 years, so that only a limited number of men would have military training.

Article 231 of the Treaty (the 'war guilt' clause) held Germany solely responsible for all 'loss and damage' suffered by the Allies during the war and provided the basis for The reparations were a series of payments the German state was forced to make following its defeat during World War I, under Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles. The total sum due was decided by an Inter-Allied Reparations Commission. In 1921, this number was officially put at $6... reparations. The total sum due was decided by an Inter-Allied Reparations Commission. In January Years: Years: Years: 1912 1913 1914 - 1915 - 1916 1917 1918 Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1915 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State... 1921, this number was officially put at 269 billion gold marks, a sum that many economists deemed to be excessive. Later that year, the amount was reduced to 132 billion marks, which still seemed astronomical to most German observers. The economic problems that the payments brought, and German resentment at their imposition, are cited by some as one of the causes of the end of the History of Germany series Franks Holy Roman Empire German Confederation German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (WWII) Germany since 1945 The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the Weimar Republic (in German Weimarer Republik). It is named after the city of Weimar, where... Weimar Republic and the dictatorship of For other people with the surname Hitler, see There have been several persons named Hitler: Adolf Hitler, (April 20, 1889 - April 30, 1945) was the Führer of the National Socialist German Workers Party and was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Some of his family members... Adolf Hitler, which eventually led to the outbreak of Download high resolution version (800x1094, 114 KB)Picture taken of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. The picture was taken from one of the B-29 Superfortresses used in the attack. Picture taken from http://www.archives.gov/research_room/research_topics/world_war_2_photos/images/ww2_1623.jpg Page: http://www... World War II.

The This article is on the country in North America. For other uses, see United States may refer to: The United States of America, a country in North America. The SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. The USS United States, a never-built aircraft carrier. The United Mexican... United States never ratified the treaty. The elections of 1918 had seen the This article is about the modern United States Republican Party. For the older Republican Party, which is now known as the Democratic-Republican Party, see Democratic-Republican Party (United States). The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page. Modern Republican party logo... Republicans gain control of the The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. Together, they compose the legislative branch of the United States government. Seal of the Senate Each state elects two senators through statewide elections. The Constitution of the United States... United States Senate, and they blocked ratification twice (the second time on March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). There are 287 days remaining. March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19... March 19, 1920 is a This is a calendar for any leap year starting on Thursday (dominical letter DC), e.g. 2004. January February March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 1 2 3... 1920), some favoring Isolationism is a diplomatic policy whereby a nation seeks to avoid alliances with other nations. Most nations are not in a political position to maintain strict isolationist policies for extended periods of time, even though most nations have historical periods where isolationism is popular. Contents // 1 United States Isolationism 2... isolationism and opposing the League of Nations, others lamenting the excessive reparations. As a result, the US never joined the League of Nations and later negotiated a separate peace treaty with Germany: the The term Treaty of Berlin is often used for the separate post-World War I peace accord of August 25, 1921 between the United States and Germany following the U.S. Senates rejection of parts of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles and Warren G. Hardings defeat of League... Treaty of Berlin of Years: Years: Years: 1912 1913 1914 - 1915 - 1916 1917 1918 Decades: 1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1915 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television Other topics Canada - Sport Lists of leaders: State... 1921 which confirmed the reparation payments and other provisions of the Treaty of Versailles but explicitly excluded all articles related to the League of Nations.

A compromise

Download high resolution version (848x360, 58 KB)Big Three leaders of World War I, Prime Minister Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this...

Download high resolution version (848x360, 58 KB)Big Three leaders of World War I, Prime Minister Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this...

Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau (September 28, 1841 - November 24, 1929) was a French doctor, journalist and statesman. Clemenceau was born in Mouilleron-en-Pareds, in the département of Vendée, in France. In his early years in Paris, he was a political activist, publishing what was seen by the then government... Georges Clemenceau of France, Prime Minister The Rt Hon. David Lloyd George Period in Office: December, 1916–October, 1922 PM Predecessor: H. H. Asquith PM Successors: Andrew Bonar Law Date of Birth: 17 January 1863 Place of Birth: Manchester Political Party: Liberal Retirement honour: Earldom of Lloyd George of Dwyfor David Lloyd George, 1st Earl... David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, and President Woodrow Wilson Order: 28th President Term of Office: Tuesday, March 4, 1913 - Friday, March 4, 1921 Predecessor: William Howard Taft Successor: Warren G. Harding Date of Birth Sunday, December 28, 1856 Place of Birth: Shacketta, Virginia Date of Death: Sunday, February 3, 1924 Place of Death: Washington, D.C. First... Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America

The "Big Three" consisted of Prime Minister The Rt Hon. David Lloyd George Period in Office: December, 1916–October, 1922 PM Predecessor: H. H. Asquith PM Successors: Andrew Bonar Law Date of Birth: 17 January 1863 Place of Birth: Manchester Political Party: Liberal Retirement honour: Earldom of Lloyd George of Dwyfor David Lloyd George, 1st Earl... Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau (September 28, 1841 - November 24, 1929) was a French doctor, journalist and statesman. Clemenceau was born in Mouilleron-en-Pareds, in the département of Vendée, in France. In his early years in Paris, he was a political activist, publishing what was seen by the then government... Georges Clemenceau of France, President Woodrow Wilson Order: 28th President Term of Office: Tuesday, March 4, 1913 - Friday, March 4, 1921 Predecessor: William Howard Taft Successor: Warren G. Harding Date of Birth Sunday, December 28, 1856 Place of Birth: Shacketta, Virginia Date of Death: Sunday, February 3, 1924 Place of Death: Washington, D.C. First... Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (May 19, 1860 - December 1, 1952) was an Italian diplomat and political figure. He was born in Palmero, Italy. A liberal, he served in various roles in the governments of Antonio Salandra and Paolo Boselli. After the Italian military disaster at Caporetto on October 25, 1917, which... Vittorio Orlando also served as an advisor from For other uses, see Italy is the name of: a European country: Italy places in the United States Italy, New York - a town in Yates County Italy, Texas - a town in Ellis County, Texas This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... Italy and Count Makino was also sent from For other uses, see Japan can refer to one of the following topics: The East Asian island nation of Japan or Nippon (日本, Nihon); The British rock band. See Japan (band); Japanning, a lacquer technique japan, See Lacqerware This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists... Japan. At the Treaty of Versailles it was difficult to decide on a common position, because each had been treated differently by Germany during the war. Because of this, the result was said to be a compromise that nobody liked.

France had suffered very heavy casualties during the war (some 1.24 million military and 40,000 civilians dead; see Download high resolution version (800x769, 100 KB)Soldiers of an Australian 4th Division field artillery brigade on a duckboard track passing through Chateau Wood, near Hooge in the Ypres salient, October 29, 1917. The photograph was taken by James Francis Hurley. The leading soldier is Gunner James Fulton and the... World War I), and much of the war had been fought on French soil. The country was in ruins, with much damage done to historic and important buildings and resources. George Clemenceau of France wanted reparations from Germany to rebuild and repair the damage done by the Germans. In all, 750,000 houses and 23,000 factories had been destroyed, and money was demanded to pay for the reconstruction of a country in tatters. In 1871, France and Germany had also been at war, and Germany had taken an area of France, French: Alsace-Lorraine; German: Elsaß-Lothringen) was the territory ceded by France to the newly-unified Germany under the 1871 Treaty of Frankfurt (which ended the Franco-Prussian War) and restored to France after World War I by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. Its legal name is Alsace-Moselle. Area... Alsace-Lorraine. Clemenceau also wanted to protect against the possibility of an attack ever coming from Germany again, and demanded a demilitarisation of the The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. A geographical term originally, it has also acquired some political and cultural connotations, becoming a political entity as the Prussian Rhine Province, and continuing in the... Rhineland in Germany, and Allied troops to patrol the area. This was called a "territorial safety zone". They also wanted to drastically reduce the number of soldiers in the German army to a controllable point. As part of the reparations, France wanted to be given control of many of Germany's factories.

Not only did France want to severely punish Germany, they also wanted to preserve their great empire and their colonies. While America put forward a belief in national or ethnic "self-determination", France and Britain wanted to keep their valuable Empires. Clemenceau largely represented the people of France in that he (and many other Frenchmen) wanted revenge upon the German nation. Clemenceau also wanted to protect secret treaties and impose naval blockades around Germany, so that France could control trade imported to and exported from the defeated country. In effect, Clemenceau and many other French wanted to impose policies deliberately meant to cripple Germany militarily, politically, and economically. He was the most radical member of the Big Three, and was named "Le Tigre" for this reason.

The United Kingdom had played a backseat role only in that the country itself was never invaded. Many British soldiers died on the front line in France, and so the people in Britain wanted revenge as much as the French. Prime Minister Lloyd George still wanted severe reparations, but to a lesser extent than the French. Lloyd George was aware that if the demands made by France were carried out, France could become extremely powerful in Central Europe, and a delicate balance could be unsettled. Although he wanted to ensure this didn't happen, he also wanted to make Germany pay. Lloyd George was also worried by Woodrow Wilson's proposal for " Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. This principle was first articulated by Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points; and was important in the Treaty of Versailles for drawing the... self-determination" and, like the French, wanted to preserve the British Empire. This position was part of the competition between two of the world's greatest empires, and their battle to preserve them. Like the French, Lloyd George also supported naval blockades and secret treaties.

On the other hand, US president Woodrow Wilson Order: 28th President Term of Office: Tuesday, March 4, 1913 - Friday, March 4, 1921 Predecessor: William Howard Taft Successor: Warren G. Harding Date of Birth Sunday, December 28, 1856 Place of Birth: Shacketta, Virginia Date of Death: Sunday, February 3, 1924 Place of Death: Washington, D.C. First... Woodrow Wilson had very different views about how to punish Germany. He had proposed the The USAs President Woodrow Wilson delivered a speech to Congress on January 8, 1918, outlining Fourteen Points for reconstructing a new Europe following World War I. While many of the points were specific, others were more general, including freedom of the seas, abolishing secret treaties, disarmament, restored sovereignty of... Fourteen Points before the war ended, which were less harsh than what the French or British wanted. Since the American people had been in the war only since April 1917, they felt that they should get out of the European mess as rapidly as possible. However, President Wilson wanted to institute a world policy that ensured that nothing like this could ever happen again. In order to maintain peace, the first attempt at a world court was created - the League of Nations. The theory was that if weaker and more fragile nations were attacked, others would guarantee protection from the aggressor.

On top of this, Wilson promoted " Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. This principle was first articulated by Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points; and was important in the Treaty of Versailles for drawing the... self-determination" which encouraged nationalities (or ethnic groups) to think, govern, and control themselves. This notion of self-determination resulted in increased patriotic sentiment in many countries that were or had once been under the control of the old empires, and also received much popular support in the home countries of the Empires. Self-determination was, and continues to be, a source of friction between different ethnic groups around the world as each group seeks to define and enhance its position in the world.

The acceptance by many peoples of the concept of self-determination was the beginning of the end for the empires, including those of Britain and France. Self-determination is partly the reason so many new countries were created in Eastern Europe; Wilson was not willing to increase the size of Britain, France, or Italy. There were also fighting in the eastern provinces of Germany, that were loyal to the emperor, but didn't want to be a part of the republic: Soldiers of Greatpolish Army Greater Poland Uprising of 1918-1919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918-19 roku) was a military insurection of the Polish people in the Greater Poland region (also called the Grand Duchy of Poznań) against the occupying German/Prussian forces. At the end of World War I... Great Poland Uprising in The Province of Posen (German: Provinz Posen, Polish: Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of Prussia (1846-1918). Known as the cradle of the Polish nation, this region was the home to Poles, Germans, some Jews and a smattering of other peoples. Almost all the Poles were Roman Catholic... Provinz Posen and 3 The Silesian Uprisings (Polish: Powstania śląskie) was a series of three military insurections (1919-1921) of the Polish people in the Upper Silesia region against the German/Prussian forces in order to force them out the region and join it with Poland, that regained her independence after... Silesian Uprisings in Upper Silesia (Polish Górny Śląsk, German Oberschlesien, Czech Horní Slezsko) is the south-eastern part of Silesia, a historical and geographical region of Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and of the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region). The region is situated in the Silesian highlands, between... Upper Silesia.

Map of treaty

Territorial adjustments were made with the aim of grouping together ethnic minorities in their own states, free from the domination of once powerful Empires, specifically the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Secret treaties were also to be discouraged, and Britain and France greeted a reduction in armaments by all nations with disapproval. This was supposed to indirectly reduce the ability of navies to create blockades.

The Big Three knew even before they met that they wanted to punish Germany. France wanted revenge, Britain wanted a relatively strong economically viable Germany as a counterweight to French dominance on Continental Europe, and the U.S. wanted the creation of a permanent peace as quickly as possible, as well as the destruction of the old Empires. The result was a compromise, which left nobody satisfied. Germany was neither crushed nor conciliated, which did not bode well for the future of Germany, Europe and the world as a whole. The treaty of Versailles did cripple Germany's economy in the early 1920's and left it vulnerable to the equally devastating The Great Depression was a global economic slump that began in Years: 1927 1928 - 1929 - 1930 1931 1932 Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1929 in topic: Arts Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music Science and technology Aviation - Rail transport - Science - Television... Great Depression of the early 1930's, which in turn paved the way for the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, to seize power. However, the reparations were a failure in retrospect as well from the view that Germany made money off the treaty, as she did not repay most of her foreign loans in the 20s and did not complete her indemnity payments.

Further reading

• Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World is a work of non-fiction based upon the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Published in 2002, it was written by Canadian Professor Margaret Olwen Macmillan with a foreword by American diplomat Richard Holbrooke. Macmillan is a history professor at the University... Peacemakers: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War by Margaret Olwen Macmillan (born 1943 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a historian and professor at the University of Toronto and is also Provost of Trinity College. She is the great-granddaughter of Prime Minister Lloyd George of Britain. In 1946, her family moved to England when her father, a doctor... Margaret Olwen Macmillan, John Murray ISBN 0719559391
• Peacemaking, 1919 by Sir Harold Nicolson (November 21, 1886-May 1, 1968) was a British diplomat, author and politician. He was born in Teheran the younger son of a diplomat father Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock. He was educated at Wellington College and Balliol College, Oxford. In 1909 he joined the diplomatic service... Harold Nicolson ISBN 193154154X

Related Topics

• This article, the Aftermath of World War I, continues from the main World War I article due to the length of the text. Fighting in World War I ended when an armistice took effect at 1100 hours on November 11, 1918. The Blockade of Germany Throughout the armistice the Allies... Aftermath of World War I

External link

• Contents of the Treaty of Versailles (http://history.acusd.edu/gen/text/versaillestreaty/vercontents.html)
• The Full Text of the Treaty of Versailles (http://history.acusd.edu/gen/text/versaillestreaty/all440.html)
• The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences (http://www.jimmyatkinson.com/papers/versaillestreaty.html)