NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Vertical blanking interval

The vertical blanking interval (VBI), also known as the vertical interval or VBLANK, is the time difference between the last line of one frame or field of a raster display, and the beginning of the next. It is present in analog television, VGA, and DVI and other signals. During the VBI the incoming data stream is not displayed on the screen. In cathode ray tubes the beam is blanked to avoid displaying the retrace line. Suppose the smiley face in the top left corner is an RGB bitmap image. ... Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a computer display standard first marketed in 1987 by IBM. VGA belongs to a family of earlier IBM video standards and largely remains backward compatible with them. ... For other meanings of DVI, please see DVI (disambiguation). ... Cathode ray tube employing electromagnetic focus and deflection Cutaway rendering of a color CRT: 1. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

The VBI was originally needed because of the inductive inertia of the magnetic coils which deflect the electron beam vertically in a CRT; the magnetic field, and hence the position of the spot on the screen, cannot change instantly. For horizontal deflection, there is also a pause between successive lines, to allow the beam to return from right to left, called the horizontal retrace or horizontal blanking interval. While modern equipment does not require a long blanking time, the standards were drawn up to cope with older equipment. CRT can mean: Cathode Ray Tube, in electronics, a display device (such as those used in one type of television) C Run-Time, in computing Charitable Remainder Trust, in Law Chinese Remainder Theorem, in mathematics Corneal Refractive Therapy, in medicine Criterion-referenced test, in U.S. schools Critical race theory...

In analog television systems the vertical blanking interval can be used to carry digital data, since nothing sent during the VBI is displayed on the screen; various test signals, time codes, closed captioning, teletext, CGMS-A copy-protection indicators, and various data encoded by the XDS protocol (e.g., the content ratings for V-chip use) and other digital data can be sent during this time period. Vertical interval timecode (VITC, pronounced vitsee or sometimes vits) is a form of SMPTE timecode embedded as black-and-white bars in a pair of the normally unseen vertical interval lines in a television signal. ... A commonly-used symbol indicating that a program or movie is closed-captioned. ... A BBC Ceefax page from January 9, 2007. ... CGMS-A (Copy Generation Management System Analogue) is a copy protection mechanism for analog television signals. ... Extended Data Services (now XDS, previously EDS), is an American standard classified under Electronic Industries Alliance standard EIA-766 for the delivery of any ancillary data (metadata) to be sent with an analog television program, or any other NTSC video signal. ... Content rating most often means the suitability-to-audience rating of TV broadcast, movies, comic books, or computer games. ... V-chip is a generic term used for a feature of television receivers allowing the blocking of programs based on their ratings category. ...

The pause between sending video data is used in real time computer graphics to perform various operations on the back buffer before copying it to the front buffer instead of just switching both pointers, or to provide a time reference for when switching such pointers is safe. The framebuffer is a part of RAM in a computer allocated to hold the graphics information for one frame or picture. ... It has been suggested that Software pointer be merged into this article or section. ...

In video game systems the vertical blanking pulses are extensively used for timing, as they occur at an accurately known frequency. Most graphics operations on consoles up to and including the 16-bit era could be performed only during the VBI (which programmers generally referred to as the VBLANK), requiring programs to do all graphics processing rigidly within it. The need to synchronise game code this way made early video game systems such as the Atari 2600 difficult to program. Special raster techniques on the Atari 2600, Nintendo Entertainment System, and other consoles allowed extending this interval at the cost of some blank scanlines at the top or bottom of the screen, which may or may not end up in the overscan area. In the history of video games, the 16-bit era was the fourth generation of video game consoles. ... The Atari 2600, released in October 1977, is the video game console credited with popularizing the use of microprocessor based hardware and cartridges containing game code, instead of having non-microprocessor dedicated hardware with all games built in. ... The Atari 2600, released in October 1977, is the video game console credited with popularizing the use of microprocessor based hardware and cartridges containing game code, instead of having non-microprocessor dedicated hardware with all games built in. ... â€œNESâ€ redirects here. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Most consumer VCRs use the known black level of the vertical blanking pulse to set their recording levels. The Macrovision copy protection scheme inserts pulses in the VBI, where the recorder expects a constant level, on videotapes to disrupt recording. The video cassette recorder (or VCR, less popularly video tape recorder) is a type of video tape recorder that uses removable cassettes containing magnetic tape to record audio and video from a television broadcast so it can be played back later. ... Macrovision is a company that creates electronic copy prevention schemes, established in 1983. ... Copy prevention, also known as copy protection, is any technical measure designed to prevent duplication of information. ...

External links

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Broadcast video formats

Analog broadcast

525 lines: NTSC • NTSC-J • PAL-M

625 lines: PAL • PAL-N • PALplus • SECAM A video format describes how one device sends video pictures to another device, such as the way that a DVD player sends pictures to a television, or a computer to a monitor. ... NTSC is the analog television system in use in Canada, Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, the United States, and some other countries, mostly in the Americas (see map). ... NTSC-J is a videogame region which covers Japan. ... PAL-M is the TV system used in Brazil. ... For other uses, see PAL (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see PAL (disambiguation). ... PALplus is an extension of the PAL analogue broadcasting system for transmitting 16:9 programs without sacrificing vertical resolution. ... SECAM, also written SÃ‰CAM (SÃ©quentiel couleur Ã mÃ©moire, French for Sequential Color with Memory), is an analog color television system first used in France. ...

Defunct systems: Pre-1940 • 405 lines • 819 lines • Baird-Nipkow • MAC • MUSE A number of experimental and broadcast pre World War II television systems were tested. ... 405 line is the name of a monochrome analogue television broadcasting system in operation in the UK between 1936 and 1985, and also used for some time in Ireland and Hong Kong. ... Historically, the term high-definition television was first used to refer to television standards developed in the 1930s to replace early experimental systems with as few as 12 lines. ... This schematic shows the circular paths traced by the holes in a Nipkow disk. ... Multiplexed Analogue Components (MAC) is a high-definition television transmission standard, originally proposed in 1995 for European HDTV. MAC transmits luminance and chrominance data separately in time rather than separately in frequency (as other analog television formats do, such as composite video). ... Japan had the earliest working HDTV system, with design efforts going back to 1979. ...

Multichannel audio: BTSC (MTS) • NICAM-728 • Zweiton (A2, IGR) • EIAJ Multichannel television sound, better known as MTS (often still as BTSC, for the Broadcast Television Systems Committee that created it), is the method of encoding three additional channels of audio into an NTSC-format audio carrier. ... NICAM (known also as NICAM 728, after the 728 kbit/s bitstream it is sent over), Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex, is a format for digital sound on analogue television transmissions. ... Zweikanalton (two channel sound) is a television sound transmission system used in Germany and other countries. ... Bilingual and stereo sound television programs started being broadcast in Japan in October 1978 using a system developed by NHK Technical Research Labs. ...

Hidden signals: Captioning • Teletext • CGMS-A • GCR • PDC • VBI • VEIL • VITC • WSS • XDS

Digital broadcast

Interlaced: SDTV (480i, 576i) • HDTV (1080i)

Progressive: LDTV (240p, 288p, 1seg) • EDTV (480p, 576p) • HDTV (720p, 1080p) A commonly-used symbol indicating that a program or movie is closed-captioned. ... A BBC Ceefax page from January 9, 2007. ... CGMS-A (Copy Generation Management System Analogue) is a copy protection mechanism for analog television signals. ... Ghost-canceling reference, or GCR, is a special sub-signal on a television channel that receivers can use to attenuate the ghosting effect of a television signal split into multiple paths between transmitter and receiver. ... This article is about PDC/StarText teletext programme listings. ... Video Encoded Invisible Light (VEIL) is a technology for encoding low-bandwidth digital data bitstream in video signal, developed by VEfL Interactive Technologies. ... Vertical interval timecode (VITC, pronounced vitsee or sometimes vits) is a form of SMPTE timecode embedded as black-and-white bars in a pair of the normally unseen vertical interval lines in a television signal. ... In television technology, widescreen signaling (WSS) is a digital stream embedded in the TV signal describing qualities of the broadcast, in particular the intended aspect ratio of the image. ... Extended Data Services (now XDS, previously EDS), is an American standard classified under Electronic Industries Alliance standard EIA-766 for the delivery of any ancillary data (metadata) to be sent with an analog television program, or any other NTSC video signal. ... Standard-definition television or SDTV refers to television systems that have a lower resolution than HDTV systems. ... 480i is the shorthand name for a video mode. ... 576i is the shorthand name for a video mode. ... High-definition television (HDTV) is a digital television broadcasting system with greater resolution than traditional television systems (NTSC, SECAM, PAL). ... 1080i is a shorthand name for a category of video modes. ... Low-definition television or LDTV refers to television systems that have a lower resolution than Standard Definition Television systems. ... ... ... Official 1seg logo 1seg (Katakana: ãƒ¯ãƒ³ã‚»ã‚°) is a mobile terrestrial digital audio/video and data broadcasting service in Japan. ... Enhanced-definition television, extended-definition television, or EDTV is a CEA marketing shorthand term for certain digital television (DTV) formats. ... 480p is the shorthand name for a video mode. ... 576p is the shorthand name for a video mode. ... High-definition television (HDTV) is a digital television broadcasting system with greater resolution than traditional television systems (NTSC, SECAM, PAL). ... JOHN HERMAN SUCKS FAT DICK ... wow mike is a flamming home i wish i wasnt his friend. ...

Digital TV standards (MPEG-2):ATSC, DVB, ISDB, DMB-T/H MPEG-2 is a standard for the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information [1]. It is widely used around the world to specify the format of the digital television signals that are broadcast by terrestrial (over-the-air), cable, and direct broadcast satellite TV systems. ... â€œATSCâ€ redirects here. ... Official DVB logo, found on compliant devices DVB, short for Digital Video Broadcasting, is a suite of internationally accepted open standards for digital television. ... Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) is the digital television (DTV) and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) format. ... DMB-T/H or DTMB (GB 20600-2006) is the Peoples Republic of Chinas (PRC) terrestrial digital television standard and will cover fixed and mobile terminals. ...

Digital TV standards (MPEG-4 AVC):DMB-T/H,DVB,SBTVD,ISDB (1seg) H.264 is a standard for video compression. ... DMB-T/H or DTMB (GB 20600-2006) is the Peoples Republic of Chinas (PRC) terrestrial digital television standard and will cover fixed and mobile terminals. ... Official DVB logo, found on compliant devices DVB, short for Digital Video Broadcasting, is a suite of internationally accepted open standards for digital television. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) is the digital television (DTV) and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) format. ... Official 1seg logo 1seg (Katakana: ãƒ¯ãƒ³ã‚»ã‚°) is a mobile terrestrial digital audio/video and data broadcasting service in Japan. ...

Multichannel audio: AAC (5.1) • Musicam • PCM • LPCM MPEG-4 AAC DRM encoding as used in the iTunes Store Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a standardized, lossy compression and encoding scheme for digital audio. ... Multichannel audio is the name for a variety of techniques for expanding and enriching the sound of audio playback by recording additional sound channels that can be reproduced on additional speakers. ... MP2, also known as Musicam, is a short form of MPEG Audio Layer II, and it is also used as a file extension for files containing audio data of this type. ... PCM redirects here. ... Linear Pulse Code Modulation used in communications (or LPCM) is a format that is a popular choice in music production. ...

Hidden signals: Captioning • Teletext • (CPCM/Broadcast flag) • AFD • EPG A commonly-used symbol indicating that a program or movie is closed-captioned. ... A BBC Ceefax page from January 9, 2007. ... This is the Content Protection and Copy Management standard being developed by the DVB Project (http://www. ... A broadcast flag is a set of status bits (or flags) sent in the data stream of a digital television program that indicates whether or not it can be recorded, or if there are any restrictions on recorded content. ... In television technology, Active Format Descriptor or Active Format Description (AFD) is a signal that broadcasters will transmit with the picture to enable 4:3 and 16:9 television sets to display picture in the intended aspect ratio. ... The Sky Digital EPG in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. ...

Digital cinema: UHDV (2540p, 4320p) • DCI

Technical issues

14:9 • MPEG transport • Standards conversion • Video processing • VOD • HDTV blur

Category: Television technology This article is about digital presentation. ... Super Hi-Vision, also known as Ultra High Definition Video or UHDV is a digital video format, currently proposed by NHK of Japan. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Super Hi-Vision, also known as Ultra High Definition Video or UHDV and UHD is a digital video format, currently proposed by NHK of Japan. ... Digital Cinema Initiatives or DCI is a consortium of studios and vendors formed to establish a standard architecture for Digital Cinema systems. ... Multiple MPEG programs are combined then sent to a transmitting antenna. ... Converting between a different numbers of pixels and different frame rates in video pictures is a complex technical problem. ... Video processing techniques are used in video codecs, video players and other devices. ... Video on demand (VOD) systems allow users to select and watch video and clip content over a network as part of an interactive television system. ... HDTV Blur is a common term used to describe a number of different artifacts on consumer modern high definition television sets: Pixel response time on LCD displays (blur in the color response of the active pixel) Slower camera Shutter speeds common in hollywood production films (blur in the HDV content...