Very high frequency (VHF) is the radio frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. It is also known as the meter band or meter wave as the wavelengths range from ten to one meters. Frequencies immediately below VHF are denoted HF, and the next higher frequencies are known as Ultra high frequency (UHF). It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Radio waves. ... MegaHertz (MHz) is the name given to one million (106) Hertz, a measure of frequency. ... MegaHertz (MHz) is the name given to one million (106) Hertz, a measure of frequency. ... The metre, or meter (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ... High frequency (HF) radio frequencies are between 3 and 30 MHz. ... This article is about the radio frequency. ...

Common uses for VHF are FM radio broadcast at 88–108 MHz and television broadcast (together with UHF). VHF is also commonly used for terrestrial navigation systems (VOR in particular), marine communications, and aircraft communications. FM radio is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. ... This article is about the radio frequency. ... D-VOR (Doppler VOR) ground station, co-located with DME. VOR, short for VHF Omni-directional Radio Range, is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft. ...

VHF frequencies' propagation characteristics are ideal for short-distance terrestrial communication, with a range generally somewhat farther than line-of-sight from the transmitter (see formula below). Unlike high frequencies (HF), the ionosphere does not usually reflect VHF radio and thus transmissions are restricted to the local area (and don't interfere with transmissions thousands of kilometres away). VHF is also less affected by atmospheric noise and interference from electrical equipment than low frequencies. Whilst it is more easily blocked by land features than HF and lower frequencies, it is less bothered by buildings and other less substantial objects than higher frequencies.

Two unusual propagation conditions can allow much farther range than normal. The first, tropospheric ducting, can occur in front of and parallel to an advancing cold weather front, especially if there is a marked difference in humidities between the cold and warm air masses. A duct can form approximately 150 miles (240 km.) in advance of the cold front, much like a ventilation duct in a building, and VHF radio frequencies can travel along inside the duct, bending or refracting, for hundreds of miles. For example, a 50 watt Amateur FM transmitter at 146 MHz can talk from Chicago, to Joplin, Missouri, directly, and to Austin, Texas, through a repeater. In a July 2006 incident, a NOAA Weather Radio transmitter in north central Wisconsin was sucking out local transmitters in west central Michigan, quite far out of its normal person. The second type, much more rare, is called Sporadic-E, referring to the E-layer of the ionosphere. A sunspot eruption can pelt the Earth's upper atmosphere with charged particles, which may allow the formation of an ionized "patch" dense enough to reflect back VHF frequencies the same way HF frequencies are usually reflected (skywave). For example, TV channel 2 (54–60 MHz) from Midland, Texas was seen in near Chicago, pushing out Chicago's own TV channel 2. These patches may last for seconds, or extend into hours. FM stations from Miami, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; Houston, Texas and even Mexico were heard for hours in central Illinois during one such event. Mid summer 2006 central Iowa stations were heard in Columbus, NE and blocking out Omaha radio and TV stations for several days. Nickname: Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook & DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... Joplin is a city located in parts of southern Jasper County and northern Newton County in the southwestern corner of Missouri. ... Nickname: Live Music Capital of the World Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas Counties Travis County, Williamson County Government  - Mayor Will Wynn Area  - City  296. ... NOAA Weather Radio (NWR) is an American network of radio stations broadcasting continuous weather information directly from a nearby National Weather Service office [1]. NWR broadcasts National Weather Service warnings, watches, forecasts and other hazard information 24 hours a day. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Ionosphere. ... KMID-TV is the ABC affiliate in Midland-Odessa, Texas, owned and operated by Nexstar Broadcasting Group headquartered in Irving, Texas. ... Nickname: The Tall City Location within the state of Texas County Midland County Government  - Mayor Mike Canon Area  - City 173. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook & DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... WBBM-TV, officially branded as CBS2 Chicago, is a United States television station in Chicago, Illinois owned and operated by the Columbia Broadcasting System and present-day CBS. Broadcasting from 630 North McClurg Court in downtown Chicago near The Loop, WBBM-TV transmits from the John Hancock Center. ... Nickname: Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... Houston redirects here. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... Capital Des Moines Largest city Des Moines Area  Ranked 26th  - Total 56,272 sq mi (145,743 km²)  - Width 310 miles (500 km)  - Length 199 miles (320 km)  - % water 0. ... Columbus is a city located in Platte County, Nebraska. ... Omaha is the name of some places in the United States: *Omaha, Nebraska (the most familiar one) Omaha, Georgia Omaha, Illinois Omaha, Texas It is also the name of a Native American tribe, after which the city in Nebraska is named; see Omaha (tribe). ...

It was also easier to construct efficient transmitters, receivers, and antennas for it in the earlier days of radio, as compared to UHF. In most countries, the VHF spectrum is used for broadcast audio and television, as well as commercial two-way radios (such as those operated by taxis and police), marine two-way audio communications, and aircraft radios.

The large technically and commercially valuable slice of the VHF spectrum taken up by television transmission has attracted the attention of many companies and governments recently, with the development of more efficient digital television broadcasting standards. In some countries much of this spectrum will likely become available (probably for sale) in the next decade or so (currently scheduled for 2008 in the United States). Digital television (DTV) is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound by means of digital signals, in contrast to analog signals used by analog (traditional) TV. DTV uses digital modulation data, which is digitally compressed and requires decoding by a specially designed television set, or a... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Line of Sight Formula

VHF transmission range is a function of transmitter power, receiver sensitivity, and distance to the horizon, since VHF signals propagate under normal conditions as a line-of-sight phenomenon. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

An approximation to calculate the line-of-sight horizon distance is:

• distance in miles = where A_f is the height of the antenna in feet
• distance in kilometres = where A_m is the height of the antenna in metres

Australia

The VHF TV band in Australia was originally allocated channels 1 to 10 - with the 2, 7 and 9 frequencies assigned for the initial services in Sydney and Melbourne, and later the same frequencies were assigned in Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. Other capital cities and regional areas used a combination of these and other frequencies as available.

By the early 1960s it was apparent that the 10-channel spectrum was not going to be sufficient to support the growth of television services. This was rectified by the addition of three additional frequencies - channels 0, 5A and 11. Older television sets required adjustment to enable tuning to the new frequencies. The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...

Several TV stations were allocated to VHF channels 3, 4 and 5A, which were within the FM radio bands although not yet used for that purpose. A couple of notable examples were NBN-3 Newcastle, WIN-4 Wollongong and ABC Illawarra on channel 5A. Most TVs of that era were not equipped to receive these broadcasts, and so were modified at the owners' expense to be able to tune into these bands; otherwise the owner had to buy a new TV. Beginning in the 1990s, the Australian Broadcasting Authority began a process to move these stations to UHF bands to free up valuable VHF spectrum for its original purpose of FM radio. In addition, by 1985 the federal government decided new TV stations are to be broadcast on the UHF band. NBN-3 is an Australian television station, licensed to, and serving Newcastle, New South Wales. ... Newcastle CBD Newcastle is the seventh largest and the second oldest city in Australia [1] and the second largest in the state of New South Wales. ... WIN Television or WIN is an Australian regional television network. ... Wollongong is the 3rd largest city in the state of New South Wales, Australia, after Sydney and Newcastle. ... The Australian Broadcasting Corporation or ABC is Australias national non-profit public broadcaster. ... The Illawarra is the name given to a coastal region of New South Wales immediately south of Sydney. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... This article is about the radio frequency. ...

Two new VHF frequencies, 9A and 12, have since been made available and are being used primarily for digital services (eg. ABC in capital cities) but also for some new analogue services in regional areas. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation or ABC is Australias national non-profit public broadcaster. ...

New Zealand

• 44–51, 54–68 MHz: Band I Television (channels 1–3)
• 87.5–108 MHz: Band II Radio
• 174–230 MHz: Band III Television (channels 4–11)

In New Zealand, the four main Free-to-Air TV stations still use the VHF Television bands (Band I and Band III) to transmit their programmes to New Zealand households. Other stations, including a variety of pay and regional free-to-air stations, broadcast their programmes using the UHF band, since the VHF band is very overloaded with four stations sharing a very small frequency band. In some areas, the band is so overcrowded, that the fourth television channel is not available. Band I is the name of a radio frequency range within the very high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Band II is the name of a radio frequency range within the very high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Band III is the name of a radio frequency range within the very high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Band I is the name of a radio frequency range within the very high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Band III is the name of a radio frequency range within the very high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... This article is about the radio frequency. ... C4 is a music television station operating in New Zealand and owned by Canwest MediaWorks NZ, a company 70% owned by Canadian broadcasting conglomerate Canwest. ...

United Kingdom

British television originally used VHF band I and band III. Television on VHF was in black and white with 405-line display. British colour television was broadcast on UHF (channels 21–69), beginning in the late 1960s. TV from then on was broadcast on both VHF and UHF (VHF being a monochromatic downconversion from the 625-line colour signal), with the exception of BBC2 (which had always broadcast solely on UHF). The last British VHF TV transmitters closed down on January 3, 1985. VHF band III is now used in the UK for digital audio broadcasting. Band I is the name of a radio frequency range within the very high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Band III is the name of a radio frequency range within the very high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... The 405-line monochrome analogue television broadcasting system was the first electronic television system to be used in regular broadcasting. ... This article is about the radio frequency. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... BBC Two (or BBC2 as it was formerly styled) was the second UK television station to be aired by the BBC. History The channel was scheduled to begin at 7:20pm on April 20, 1964 and show an evening of light entertainment, starting with the comedy show The Alberts and... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar). ... Band III is the name of a radio frequency range within the very high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Official DAB logo, found on compliant devices Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), also known as Eureka 147, is a technology for broadcasting of audio using digital radio transmission. ...

Unusually, the UK has an amateur radio allocation at 4 metres, 70-70.5 MHz. Amateur radio station with modern solid-state transceiver featuring LCD display and DSP capabilities Amateur radio, often called Ham radio, is a hobby enjoyed by about six million people[1] throughout the world. ... // Summary 4 metres is an Amateur Radio frequency band in the lower Very High Frequency spectrum. ...

United States

The general services in the VHF band are:

• 30–46 MHz: Licensed 2-way land mobile communication. Note: The 42 MHz Segment is still currently used by the California Highway Patrol, and possibly by other state Troopers as well.
• 30–88 MHz: Military VHF-FM, including SINCGARS
• 43–50 MHz: Cordless telephones, "49 MHz" FM walkie-talkies, and mixed 2-way mobile communication
• 50–54 MHz: Amateur radio 6 meter band
• 54–72 MHz: TV channels 2-4
• 72–76 MHz: Remote Control devices
• 76–82 MHz: TV channel 5
• 82–88 MHz: TV channel 6
• 88–108 MHz: FM radio broadcasting (88–92 non-commercial, 92–108 commercial)
• 108–118 MHz: Air navigation beacons VOR
• 118–132 MHz: Airband for air traffic control, AM, 121.5 MHz is emergency frequency
• 132–144 MHz: Auxiliary civil services, satellite, space research, and other miscellaneous services
• 144–148 MHz: Amateur band 2 Meters
• 148–156 MHz: "VHF Business band," the unlicensed Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS), and other 2-way land mobile, FM
• 156–174 MHz VHF Marine Radio; narrow band FM, 156.8 MHz (Channel 16) is the maritime emergency and contact frequency. The 160 and 161 areas are AAR 99 channel railroad radios issued to the railroad (Sample, AAR 21 is 160.425 and that is issued to TVRM and other railroads that want AAR 21)
• 162.40–162.55: NOAA Weather Stations, narrowband FM
• 174–216 MHz: TV channels 7 through 13, and professional wireless microphones (low power, certain exact frequencies only)
• 216–222 MHz: reserved for future use
• 222–225 MHz: Amateur "1¼ Meter" band (really closer to 1.33M)
• above 225 MHz: Federal services, notably military aircraft radio (225–400 MHz) AM, including HAVE QUICK, dGPS RTCM-104

The California Highway Patrol (CHP) is a state agency that acts as the state police force of California. ... Frequency modulation (FM) is a form of modulation that represents information as variations in the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave. ... SINCGARS stands for Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System. ... A modern GE cordless telephone, model 26930 A cordless telephone or portable telephone is a telephone with a wireless handset which communicates via radio waves with a base station connected to a fixed telephone line (POTS) and can only be operated near (typically less than 100 meters) its base station... Amateur radio station with modern solid-state transceiver featuring LCD display and DSP capabilities Amateur radio, often called Ham radio, is a hobby enjoyed by about six million people[1] throughout the world. ... 6 Meters is a popular amateur radio band. ... For other uses, see Television (disambiguation). ... FM radio is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. ... D-VOR (Doppler VOR) ground station, co-located with DME. VOR, short for VHF Omni-directional Radio Range, is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft. ... Note: This article title may be easily confused with AirBand The airband or air band is the band of frequencies used for radio communication in aviation. ... Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) at Amsterdams Schiphol Airport Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air. ... Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. ... 2 Meters is a popular amateur radio band. ... The business band is the name used by US scanner hobbyists who listen to Federal Communications Commission licensees using Industrial/Business pool frequencies. ... The Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) is a small two-way radio service consisting of five frequencies in the VHF spectrum. ... VHF radio is radio transmission in the 30-300 MHz frequency range, as a means of short-range, line-of-sight verbal communication. ... Categories: Organization stubs | Rail transport | Industry trade groups ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... The Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum ( initialised TVRM) was founded in 1961 by a group of railfans that did not want to see the steam locomotives go to scrap. ... Weatheradio is a special radio service available over much of North America that transmits weather warnings and forecasts 24 hours a day. ... 1. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Unlicensed operation

In some countries, particularly the United States and Canada, limited low-power license-free operation is available in the FM broadcast band for purposes such as microbroadcasting and sending output from CD or digital media players to radios without auxiliary-in jacks, though this is illegal in some other countries. This practice was legalised in the United Kingdom on 8 December 2006. [1] CD redirects here; see Cd for other meanings of CD. Image of a compact disc (pencil included for scale) A compact disc (or CD) is an optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio. ...

87.5-87.9 MHz

87.5-87.9 MHz is a radio frequency which, in most of the world, is used for FM broadcasting. In North America, however, this bandwidth is allocated to VHF television channel 6 (82-88MHz). The audio for TV channel 6 is broadcast at 87.75 MHz. FM broadcasting is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation (FM) to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Very high frequency (VHF) is the radio frequency range from 30 MHz (wavelength 10 m) to 300 MHz (wavelength 1 m). ...

87.9 MHz is normally off-limits except for displaced class D stations which have no other frequencies in the normal 88.1-107.9 MHz subband on which to move. So far, only 2 stations have qualified to operate on 87.9 MHz: 10-Watt KSFH in Mountain View, California and 34-Watt translator K200AA in Sun Valley, Nevada. Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Mountain View is a city in Santa Clara County, in the U.S. state of California. ... CSN International began broadcasting Christian radio over satellite on April 26th, 1995 from KAWZ in Twin Falls, Idaho. ... Sun Valley is a census-designated place located in Washoe County, Nevada. ...

See also

• Channel 1
• List of channel 2 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 3 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 4 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 5 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 6 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 7 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 8 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 9 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 10 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 11 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 12 TV stations in the United States
• List of channel 13 TV stations in the United States

In North America, channel 1 is a former broadcast (over-the-air) television channel. ... A list of television stations that broadcast at VHF channel 2 in the United States KACV-TV in Amarillo, Texas KASA-TV in Albuquerque, New Mexico KATN-TV in Fairbanks, Alaska KATU-TV in Portland, Oregon KBCI-TV in Boise, Idaho KCBS-TV in Los Angeles, California KCWX-TV in... A list of television stations that broadcast at VHF channel 3 in the United States KATC-TV in Lafayette, Louisiana KBTX-TV in Bryan, Texas KCRA-TV in Sacramento, California KDLH-TV in Duluth, Minnesota KENW-TV in Portales, New Mexico KEYT-TV in Santa Barbara, California KFDX-TV in... A list of television stations that broadcast at VHF channel 4 (66-72MHz) in the United States KAMR-TV in Amarillo, Texas KARK-TV in Little Rock, Arkansas KBTV-TV in Port Arthur, Texas KCNC-TV in Denver, Colorado KDBC-TV in El Paso, Texas KDFW-TV in Dallas, Texas... A list of television stations that broadcast at VHF channel 5 in the United States KALB-TV in Alexandria, Louisiana KCTV-TV in Kansas City, Missouri KDLT-TV in Sioux Falls, South Dakota KENS-TV in San Antonio, Texas KFBB-TV in Great Falls, Montana KFSM-TV in Fort Smith... A list of television stations that broadcast at VHF channel 6 have radio feeds at FM 87. ... The following television stations in the United States broadcast on either VHF or cable channel 7: KABC-TV in Los Angeles, California KAKM-TV in Anchorage, Alaska KATV-TV in Little Rock, Arkansas KAZT-TV in Prescott, Arizona KETV-TV in Omaha, Nebraska KEVN-TV in Rapid City, South Dakota... The following is a list of television stations in the United States that advertise as being on channel 8, either on VHF or cable: KAET-TV in Phoenix, Arizona KAIT-TV in Jonesboro, Arkansas KCCI-TV in Des Moines, Iowa KFMB-TV in San Diego, California KGNS-TV in Laredo... The following is a list of television stations in the United States that advertise as being on channel 9, either VHF or cable: KCAL-TV in Los Angeles, California KCAU-TV in Sioux City, Iowa KCFW-TV in Kalispell, Montana KCRG-TV in Cedar Rapids, Iowa KCTS-TV in Seattle... The following is a list of television stations in the United States that advertise as being on channel 10, either VHF or cable: WIS in Columbia, South Carolina WBIR in Knoxville, Tennessee WSLS in Roanoke, Virginia WALA in Mobile, Alabama WAVY in Portsmouth, Virginia (Norfolk/Newport News/Virginia Beach) WCAU... The following is a list of television stations in the United States that advertise as being on channel 11, either VHF or cable: KARE in Minneapolis, Minnesota KHOU-TV in Houston, Texas KMVT in Twin Falls, Idaho KNTV in San Jose, California (San Francisco) KPLR-TV in St. ... Pages in category Channel 12 TV stations in the United States There are 56 pages in this section of this category. ... The following is a list of television stations in the United States that advertise as being on channel 13, either VHF or cable: WMAZ-TV in Macon, Georgia WBTW-TV in Florence, South Carolina WLOS-TV in Asheville, North Carolina WNYT-TV in Albany, New York (formerly WAST-TV) WHAM... Radio frequency, or RF, refers to that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in which electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. ... Extremely low frequency (ELF) is the band of radio frequencies from 3 to 30 Hz. ... Super Low Frequency (SLF) is the frequency range between 30 hertz and 300 hertz. ... Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) is the frequency range between 300 hertz and 3000 hertz. ... Very low frequency or VLF refers to radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3 to 30 kHz. ... Low Frequency or LF refers to Radio Frequencies (RF) in the range of 30–300 kHz. ... Mediumwave radio transmissions (sometimes called Medium frequency or MF) are those between the frequencies of 300 kHz and 3000 kHz. ... High frequency (HF) radio frequencies are between 3 and 30 MHz. ... This article is about the radio frequency. ... Microwave Slang for small waves, like at a beach, often used by surfers. ... Extremely high frequency is the highest radio frequency band. ...