Vespinae is a subfamily in the family Vespidae, order Hymenoptera. It contains the hornets and yellowjackets, all eusocialwasps. Other subfamilies within the family include Polistinae (paper wasps) and Eumeninae (potter wasps and mason wasps). Genera The vespids are a family of wasps, including all social wasps and some solitary wasps. ... Suborders Apocrita Symphyta Many families, see article Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of Insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. ... This article is about the insect. ... Yellowjackets are black-and-yellow wasps of the genus Vespula or Dolichovespula. ... Eusociality is the phenomenon of reproductive specialisation found in some species of animal, whereby a specialised caste carries out reproduction in a colony of non-reproductive animals. ... Families See text. ...
Some genera within the subfamily Vespinae include:
VespulaDolichovespulaVespa Yellowjackets are black-and-yellow wasps of the genus Vespula or Dolichovespula. ...
The cladistic analysis of Vespoidea by Carpenter (1982) is summarized in Fig.
The evolutionary history of the Vespinae has also been examined using techniques that do not rely on morphological or behavioral characters: protein electrophoresis (Varvio-Aho et al., 1984) and DNA sequencing (Schmitz and Moritz, 1990).
A prior model of vespid wasp evolution placed three subfamilies of wasps - the Polistinae, Vespinae and Stenogastrinae - together in a single evolutionary group with a common ancestor.
Proponents of the non-genetic model criticized their work, however, because it relied on an analysis of less than 600 base pairs from two genes (one ribosomal RNA, the other mitochondrial DNA) and included very few representative species, some of which were unsuitable for the analysis.
Eusocialwasps of the family Vespidae are thought to have derived their social behavior from a common ancestor that had a rudimentary caste-containing social system.
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