The Viceroyalty of New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. Before the 19th century independence struggles, the Viceroyalty of New Granada existed as a political and administrative entity which also extended to include oversight over local authorities in Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela (which then included Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago). The name New Granada is still used as an alternative to Colombia by some of its neighbors. South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Colonial History

In 1514, the Spanish first permanently settled in the area. With Santa Marta (1525) and Cartagena (1533), Spanish control of the coast was established, and the extension of colonial control into the interior could begin. The conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada colonised a large area in the region, by following the Magdalena River into the Andean cordillera, defeating the powerful Chibcha people and founding the city of Santa Fé de Bogotá (c.1538) (currently Bogotá) and naming the region El nuevo reino de Granada, the new kingdom of Granada, after the kingdom of Granada which had existed until 1492 in southernmost Spain. 1514 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The city of Santa Marta Santa Marta (named for the Biblical Martha) was the first city to be founded in Colombia and second in South America after Cumaná (1521) in Venezuela. ... For other places of the same name, see Cartagena Cartagena (pronounced kärtä-hÄ•nä), formally known as Cartagena de Indias (Cartagena of Indies) or Cartagena la Heroica (The Heroic), is a large seaport on the north coast of Colombia. ... Conquistador (meaning Conqueror in the Spanish language) is the term used to refer to the soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who achieved the Conquista (this Spanish term is generally accepted by historians), i. ... Oil portrait of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada (unknown artist, Museo Nacional da Colombia, Bogota) GONZALO JIMENEZ QUESADA Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada (1509–1579) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador in Colombia. ... Magdalena River - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Bogotá (known officially in Spanish as Bogotá D.C., formerly Santafé de Bogotá D.C.), is the capital and largest city in Colombia, with a population of roughly 7. ... Bogotá—officially named Bogotá D.C. (D.C. for Distrito Capital, which means Capital District)—is the capital of Colombia, as well as the largest and most populous city in the country with 7,185,889 inhabitants (2005 estimate)[1]. It is also the capital of the department of Cundinamarca. ... Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the community of Andalusia, Spain. ...

To establish civil government in New Granada, an Audiencia (a "court of hearing") was established at Santa Fé de Bogotá in 1548-1549, a body that combined executive and judicial authority, until a presidencia or governor was established in 1564, assuming executive powers. At this point, New Granada was considered a Captaincy General within the Viceroyalty of Peru. The jurisdiction of the Audiencia court over the surrounding provinces determined the territory corresponding to New Granada, as new provinces were created in the following years. Captaincy General (from the Spanish Capitanía General) is a division of a viceroyalty in colonial Spanish-America and the Spanish-Philippines, established in areas under risk of foreign invasion or Indian attack. ... Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) contained most of Spanish-ruled South America until the creation of the separate viceroyalties of New Granada (now Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá and Venezuela, the last-named previously in the Viceroyalty of New Spain) in 1717 and Río...

The governor was loosely dependent upon the Viceroy of Peru at Lima, but the slowness of communications between the two capitals led to the establishment of an independent Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717 (and its reestablishment in 1734 after a short interruption); other provinces corresponding to modern Ecuador and Venezuela, and eventually Panama, until then under other jurisdictions, came together in a political unit under the jurisdiction of Bogota, confirming that city as one of the principal administrative centers of the Spanish possessions in the New World, along with Lima and Mexico City. Sporadic attempts at reform were directed at increased efficiency and centralized authority, but control from Spain was never very effective. This article is about Lima, Peru. ... A viceroy is somebody who governs a country or province as a substitute for the monarch. ... // Events January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign Triple Alliance February 26-March 6 What is now the northeastern United States was paralyzed by a series of blizzards that buried the region. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... This article is about Lima, Peru. ... Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México, México D.F. or simply México, pronounced /mexiko/ in IPA) is the capital and largest city of the nation of Mexico. ...

The rough and diverse geography of northern South America and the limited range of proper roads made travel and communications inside the Viceroyalty difficult. The establishment of a Captaincy General in Caracas and an Audiencia in Quito, still legally subordinated to the Viceroy, was a response to the necessities of effectively governing their surrounding regions, and some analysts consider that it was also reflecting a degree of local traditions that, much later, eventually contributed to creating differing political and national differences between the newly independent territories that the unifying efforts of Simón Bolívar could not overcome. Captaincy General (from the Spanish Capitanía General) is a division of a viceroyalty in colonial Spanish-America and the Spanish-Philippines, established in areas under risk of foreign invasion or Indian attack. ... City motto: Ave María Santísima, sin pecado concebida, en el primer instante de su ser natural. ... An Real Audiencia (Spanish: Royal Audiency) was a Judicial District that functioned as an Appeals Court. ... Map of Ecuador showing location of Quito. ... Simón José Antonio de los Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco (born July 24, 1783 in Caracas, Venezuela; died December 17, 1830 in Santa Marta, Colombia) was a South American revolutionary leader. ...

Independent History

The territories of the Viceroyalty gained full de facto independence from Spain between 1819 and 1822 after a series of military and political struggles, uniting as part of a federation known as Greater Colombia. De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Capital Bogotá Created December 1819 Dissolved November 1831 Demonym Colombian Departments of the Republic Greater Colombia (Gran Colombia in Spanish) is the name given to the Republic of Colombia of 1819-1830, which was a short-lived republic in South America consisting of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. ...

When Ecuador and Venezuela became separate states during the dissolution of Greater Colombia, a "Republic of New Granada" centered around the capital of Bogotá lasted from 1831 to 1856, and "New Granada" was a usage that later survived in conservative circles, such as among ecclesiastics. Leopold I 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Today, some people in Colombia's neighboring countries sometimes still refer to Colombians as "neogranadinos" ("new-granadians").

Further details are at History of Colombia. This is the history of Colombia. ...

See also

• Colombia
• Gran Colombia
• History of Colombia

Map showing Gran Colombia The Republic of Gran Colombia, or Greater Colombia, was a short-lived republic in South America consisting of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. ... This is the history of Colombia. ...

External links

• Colombia History