Victor Emmanuel was born in Turin. During the reign of his father, Charles Albert, the kingdoms of Sardinia and Piedmont were united. Charles Albert went to war in 1848 aganist the Austrian Empire (which ruled most of northern Italy), but was defeated at the Battle of Novara the following year. Charles Albert abdicated and Victor Emmanuel became king of Sardinia–Piedmont.
In 1842 he was married to a cousin, Maria Adelaide of Habsburg and had children including:
Marie Clotilde 1843-1911, who married Napoleon Joseph 1822-1891 (the Prince Napoleon). Their grandson Louis was the pretender of Bonaparte.
Rosa Theresa Vercellona Guerrieri (nicknamed La Rosina) was once Victor Emmanuel's mistress. The Count of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda was probably their (illegitimate) son.
KingVictorEmmanuelII succeeded in uniting the Italian states of the peninsula into one nation.
The Trentino and South Tyrol would be annexed in the following century, after 1918, thereby ending the unification process as planned by the House of Savoy under VictorEmmanuelII.
The 19th century saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell.
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