Victor Emanuel III
King of Italy, Emperor of Etiopia, King of Albania
Reign	July 29, 1900 - May 9, 1946
Coronation	July 29, 1900
Born	November 11, 1869
	Naples, Italy
Died	December 28, 1947
	Alexandria, Egypt
Predecessor	Umberto I
Successor	Umberto II
Consort	Elena of Montenegro
Issue	Yolanda, Mafalda, Umberto, Giovanna, Maria Francesca
Royal House	House of Savoy
Royal anthem	Marcia Reale
Father	Umberto I
Mother	Queen Margherita

Victor Emmanuel III (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele III; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was King of Italy (29 July 1900 – 9 May 1946), Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–43) and King of Albania (1939–43). During his long reign, Victor Emmanuel III saw two world wars and the birth of Fascism. Abyssinia redirects here. ... From [1], in the public domain Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (130th in leap years). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... “Napoli” redirects here. ... December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Alexandria (Greek: , Coptic: , Arabic: , Egyptian Arabic: Iskindireyya), (population of 3. ... Umberto I, King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy (Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy), (14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death. ... Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15, 1904, Racconigi, province of Cuneo - March 18, 1983, Geneva, Switzerland), the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May (Italian: Re di Maggio), was born the Prince of Piedmont. ... Princess Jelena Petrović-NjegoÅ¡ of Montenegro (1873 - 1952) was the daughter of King Nikola I Petrović-NjegoÅ¡ of Montenegro and his wife, Milena Vukotić. Jelena married King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy in 1896 and thereby gained the title Queen Elena (Regina Elena in Italian). ... Princess Yolanda Margherita Milena Elisabetta Romana Maria of Savoy (Italian: Principessa Iolanda Margherita Milena Elisabetta Romana Maria di Savoia) (June 1, 1901 - October 16, 1986) was the eldest daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and his wife Princess Elena of Montenegro, and the sister of the last king... Princess Mafalda of Italy Princess Mafalda Maria Elisabetta Anna Romana of Savoy (November 2, 1902, Rome – August 27, 1944, Buchenwald) was the second child of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and of his wife Princess Elena Petrovich of Montenegro. ... Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15, 1904, Racconigi, province of Cuneo - March 18, 1983, Geneva, Switzerland), the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May (Italian: Re di Maggio), was born the Prince of Piedmont. ... Giovanna of Savoy Tsaritsa Ioanna of Bulgaria, (13 November 1907 - 26 February 2000) was born Princess Giovanna of Savoy and was the last Tsaritsa of Bulgaria. ... Maria Francesca di Savoia (Rome, 26 Decembers 1914 - Mandelieu, France, 7 Decembers 2000) complete name Francesca Maria Roman Anna, is daughter of the King of Italy Vittorio Emanuele III and of Queen Elena. ... Flag of Savoy This article is about the historical region of Savoy. ... The Marcia Reale or Fanfara Reale (Royal March / Royal Fanfare) was the official national anthem of Italy between 1861 and 1946. ... Umberto I, King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy (Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy), (14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death. ... Margherita of Savoy Margherita or Margaret of Savoy (born November 20, 1851 in Turin, died January 4, 1926 in Bordighera), was the Queen consort of Italy during the reign (1878-1900) of her husband, Humbert I. She was the daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa and granddaughter of Carlo Alberto... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers after the fall of the Roman Empire. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (130th in leap years). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Emperor (Geez ንጉሠ ነገሥት, , King of Kings) of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... The modern state Albania has twice been a monarchy. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full year calendar). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Fascism is an authoritarian political ideology (generally tied to a mass movement) that considers individual and other societal interests inferior to the needs of the state, and seeks to forge a type of national unity, usually based on ethnic, religious, cultural, or racial attributes. ...

Biography

Victor Emanuel was born in Naples, the only child of Umberto I, King of Italy and his consort, Princess Margherita of Savoy, daughter of the duke of Genoa. He ascended the throne in 1900 upon his father's assassination. “Napoli” redirects here. ... Umberto I, King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy (Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy), (14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death. ... Margherita of Savoy Margherita or Margaret of Savoy (born November 20, 1851 in Turin, died January 4, 1926 in Bordighera), was the Queen consort of Italy during the reign (1878-1900) of her husband, Humbert I. She was the daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa and granddaughter of Carlo Alberto... Genoa (Genova [] in Italian - Zena [] in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... It has been suggested that Selective assassination be merged into this article or section. ...

Victor Emmanuel III in 1893

The only advice that his father Umberto ever gave his heir was that "Remember: to be a king, all you need to know is how to pimp them bitches". His early years showed evidence that, by the standards of the Savoy monarchy, he was a man committed to slappin ho's. Indeed, even though his father was killed by a pimp named slickback, the new king showed a commitment to pimpin. Image File history File links Victor Emmanuel III of Italy - Project Gutenberg eText 13955 Taken from the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Sunny Side of Diplomatic Life, 1875-1912 by Lillie DeHegermann-Lindencrone From http://www. ... Image File history File links Victor Emmanuel III of Italy - Project Gutenberg eText 13955 Taken from the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Sunny Side of Diplomatic Life, 1875-1912 by Lillie DeHegermann-Lindencrone From http://www. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

When World War I began, Italy remained neutral at first. However, in 1915, Italy signed several secret treaties committing to enter the war on the side of the Allies. Most of the people opposed war, however, and the Italian Chamber of Deputies forced Prime Minister Antonio Salandra to resign. Victor Emmanuel, however, declined Salandra's resignation and made the decision to enter the war himself. He legally had the right to make this decision under the Statuto Albertino, popular opposition to the war notwithstanding. However, the corrupt and disorganised war effort, the stunning loss of life suffered by the Italian army, especially at the great defeat of Caporetto, and the economic depression that followed the war turned the King against what he perceived as an inefficient political bourgeoisie. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Back side of Palazzo Montecitorio designed by architect Ernesto Basile. ... In Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the countrys prime minister or head of government, and occupies the fourth-most important state office. ... Antonio Salandra (Troia, Foggia province, 1853 - Rome, 1931) was a conservative Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy between 1914 and 1916. ... The so-called Statuto Albertino (Albertine Statute) is the constitution that King Charles Albert of Savoy conceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia (including also most parts of north-western Italy, such as Piedmont) on March 4, 1848. ... Combatants Austria-Hungary German Empire Italy Commanders Otto von Below Luigi Cadorna Strength 35 divisions 41 divisions Casualties 20,000 dead or wounded 40,000 dead 20,000 wounded 275,000 captured Difficult Progress In Alps The Battle of Caporetto (or Battle of Karfreit as it was known by the...

The economic depression had given rise to much extremism among the sorely-tried working classes, and Benito Mussolini took advantage of this instability for his rise to power, which led to the March on Rome. Prime Minister Luigi Facta and his cabinet drafted a decree of martial law, but the King refused to sign it. The King suggested that his armed forces could not have defended the city against the Fascist march, though testimony from the military leaders and surviving military records challenge his claim. The Commander-in-Chief of the defending forces in the Capital was finally ordered by the King, it is said, to remove the blocks and let the Camicie Nere (Black Shirts) pass-- an act that provoked the resignation of the Facta government. Later, the King's failure, in the face of mounting evidence, to move against the Mussolini regime's abuses of power (including, as early as 1924, the notorious assassination of Giacomo Matteotti and other opposition MPs) led to much criticism. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the prime minister, and a faget and dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943, when he was overthrown. ... For the movie by Dino Risi, see March on Rome (film) The March on Rome was a pseudo-coup détat by which Mussolinis National Fascist Party came to power in Italy. ... Luigi Facta (November 16, 1861 - November 5, 1930) was an Italian politician and journalist. ... For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ... The Blackshirts (Italian: camicie nere) were Fascist paramilitary groups in Italy during the period immediately following World War I and until the end of World War II. Inspired by Garibaldis Redshirts, the Blackshirts were organized by Benito Mussolini due to his disgust with the corruption and apathy of the... Luigi Facta (November 16, 1861 - November 5, 1930) was an Italian politician and journalist. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Giacomo Matteotti (22 May 1885, Fratta Polesine, Province of Rovigo—10 June 1924, near Rome) was an Italian socialist politician. ...

Italian Royalty House of Savoy Victor Emmanuel II Children    Princess Marie Clothilde    Umberto I (born 1844)    Amadeo I, King of Spain (born 1845)    Maria Pia, Queen of Portugal (born 1847)     Vittoria (born 2 December 1848)    Emanuele Alberto (born 16 March 1851), Count of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda. Grandchildren    Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta    Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin    Luigi, Duke of Abruzzi    Umberto, Conte of Salemi Great Grandchildren    Amedeo, Duke of Aosta    Amedeo, King of Croatia Great Great Grandchildren    Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este    Princess Maria Christina    Amedeo, Duke of Aosta Great Great Great Grandchildren    Princess Bianca    Aimone, Duke of Apulia    Princess Mafalda Umberto I Children    Victor Emmanuel III Victor Emmanuel III Children    Princess Yolanda    Princess Mafalda    Umberto II    Giovanna, Queen of Bulgaria    Princess Maria Umberto II Children    Princess Maria Pia    Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples    Princess Maria Gabriella    Princess Maria Beatrice Grandchildren    Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice and Piedmont Great Grandchildren    Princess Vittoria    Princess Luisa

It has been alleged that Victor Emmanuel's decisions showed poor judgment and undemocratic sentiments. What is not in doubt is that Fascism offered political stability and opposition to left-wing radicalism. This appealed to many people in Italy at the time, and certainly to the King. In many ways, the events from 1922 to 1943 demonstrated that the monarchy and the moneyed class, for different reasons, felt Mussolini and his regime offered an option that, after years of political chaos, was more appealing than what they perceived as the alternative: socialism and anarchism. Both the spectre of the Russian Revolution and the tragedies of World War I played large roles in these political decisions. The House of Savoy or in Italian, La Casa di Savoia, or simply Casa Savoia, (or Savoie, French) is a dynasty of nobles who traditionally had their domain in Savoy, a region that includes present-day Piemonte, other parts of Northern Italy, and a smaller region in France. ... Image File history File links CoA_fam_ITA_savoia. ... King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy. ... Portrait of Prince Napoleon by Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin in 1860 Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul, Prince Napoleon (Trieste, Italy, September 9, 1822 – March 17, 1891, Rome, Italy) was the son of Jerome Bonaparte and Catharina of Württemberg. ... Umberto I, King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy (Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy), (14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death. ... Amadeo I (Italian Amedeo, sometimes Latinized as Amadeus) (May 30, 1845 – January 18, 1890) was the 1st Duke of Aosta and King of Spain Biography Amadeo dAosta was born in Turin, Italy. ... Daughter of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy married to Louis of Portugal Category: ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (76th in leap years). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Prince Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta (13 January 1869 – July 4, 1931) was the eldest son of Amadeo I of Spain and a cousin of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. ... Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin (Comte di Turino) was a Grandchild of King Victor Emmanuel II and a child of Amadeo of Spain. ... Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (Luigi Amedeo Giuseppe Maria Ferdinando Francesco) (January 29, 1873 – March 18, 1933), better known as Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (Italian: Duca degli Abruzzi) was an Italian mountaineer and explorer who made the first ascent of Mount Saint Elias (Alaska-Yukon) in 1897... Amadeo di Savoia (October 21, 1898 - March 3, 1942) was the third Duke of Aosta and a cousin of the Italian king, Victor Emmanuel III. His baptismal name was Amadeo Umberto Isabella Luigi Filippo Maria Giuseppe Giovanni di Savoia. ... Prince Aimone Roberto Margherita Maria Giuseppe di Torino (9 March 1900 - 29 January 1948) , later King Tomislav II of Croatia and the 4th Duke of Aosta was a member of House of Savoy. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Margherita Isabella Maria Vittoria Emanuella Elena Gennara of Savoy-Aosta was born on April 7, 1930 in Naples, Italy as the first child of HRH Prince Amedeo of Savoy-Aosta and HRH Princess Anne dOrléans. ... Prince Amedeo Umberto Constantino Giorgio Paolo Elena Maria Fiorenzo of Savoy, (born 27 September 1943) is one of several claimants to the headship of the House of Savoy, the family which ruled Italy from 1861 to 1946. ... Prince Aimone Umberto Emanuele Filiberto Luigi Amadeo Gustavo Elena Maria Fiorenzo of Savoy, (born 13 October 1967) is the second child and only son of Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta and his former wife, Princess Claude of Orléans. ... Umberto I, King of Italy or Humbert I of Italy (Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoy), (14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death. ... Princess Yolanda Margherita Milena Elisabetta Romana Maria of Savoy (Italian: Principessa Iolanda Margherita Milena Elisabetta Romana Maria di Savoia) (June 1, 1901 - October 16, 1986) was the eldest daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and his wife Princess Elena of Montenegro, and the sister of the last king... Princess Mafalda of Italy Princess Mafalda Maria Elisabetta Anna Romana of Savoy (November 2, 1902, Rome – August 27, 1944, Buchenwald) was the second child of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and of his wife Princess Elena Petrovich of Montenegro. ... Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15, 1904, Racconigi, province of Cuneo - March 18, 1983, Geneva, Switzerland), the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May (Italian: Re di Maggio), was born the Prince of Piedmont. ... Tsaritsa Ioanna of Bulgaria, (13 November 1907 - 26 February 2000) was born Princess Giovanna of Savoy and was the last Tsaritsa of Bulgaria. ... Maria Francesca di Savoia (Rome, 26 Decembers 1914 - Mandelieu, France, 7 Decembers 2000) complete name Francesca Maria Roman Anna, is daughter of the King of Italy Vittorio Emanuele III and of Queen Elena. ... Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15, 1904, Racconigi, province of Cuneo - March 18, 1983, Geneva, Switzerland), the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May (Italian: Re di Maggio), was born the Prince of Piedmont. ... Born in 1934, daughter of Umberto II of Italy and Marie-José of Belgium. ... Victor Emmanuel, prince of Naples, or Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria de Savoie, born February 12, 1937, is the head of the house of Savoy. ... Maria Gabriella di Savoia (Naples, 24 February 1940) complete name Maria Gabriella Giuseppa Aldegonda Adelaide Daisy Ludovica Felicita Gennara, is daughter of the last King of Italy Umberto II and José. Maria married to 12 Saint-Mesme February 1955 Robert Zellinger de Balkany (NATO to Iklod, 4 Hungary August 1931). ... Maria Beatrice Victoria Josephine of Savoy (December 6, 1792 - September 15, 1840) was the eldest daughter of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia and Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria-Este. ... Prince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy (June 22, 1972 - ), a member of the House of Savoy and titular Prince of Venice and Piedmont, is the second-in-line to the abolished throne of Italy. ... Princess Vittoria is the daughter of Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia. ... Princess Luisa of Savoy (Luisa Giovanna Agata Gavina Bianca Maria di Savoia, born August 16, 2006, Geneva, Switzerland) is the second child and daughter of Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice and Piedmont and Clotide Courau. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ... Anarchism is a form of social criticism, a political movement as well as a political philosophy. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

The Italian monarchy enjoyed popular support for decades. Foreigners noted how even as late as the 1940s newsreel images of King Victor Emmanuel and his strikingly beautiful Queen evoked applause, sometimes cheering, when played in cinemas, in contrast to the hostile silence shown toward images of Fascist leaders. Several of Victor Emmanuel's decisions, however, proved fatal to the monarchy. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A newsreel is a documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed news stories. ...

Among these was the the assumption of the crown of Ethiopia, which was not universally accepted, after the Italian Army had invaded what was then known as Abyssinia and overthrown Emperor Haile Selassie, in 1935-36. In addition, Victor Emanuel kept a public silence in 1938, when the Fascist government, under Hitlerite pressure, issued its notorious racial purity laws, leaving his Jewish subjects open to persecution. These laws (about which he did make some complaints to Mussolini in private) constituted a clear violation of both his Coronation oath and his oath to the constitution. The fact that large numbers of Italians risked their lives to save not only their Jewish fellow citizens but also Jewish refugees from other countries only deepened their contempt for a King who had dragged them into an alliance with the Germans that they had never wanted. This article needs cleanup. ... Haile Selassie Haile Selassie (Power of Trinity) (July 23, 1892 – August 27, 1975) was the last Emperor (1930–1936; 1941–1974) of Ethiopia, and is a religious symbol in the Rastafarian movement. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... The coronation of Empress Farah, of Iran in 1967. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with President of the United States oath of office. ...

Nonetheless, it came as a considerable surprise when Victor Emmanuel called Mussolini to the palace on July 25, 1943; removed him from office and named Marshal Pietro Badoglio as Mussolini's replacement. He then renounced the Ethiopian and Albanian crowns. July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Pietro Badoglio (September 28, 1871 - November 1, 1956) was an Italian soldier and politician. ...

Victor Emmanuel then made another blunder when he negotiated a surrender to the Allies without ordering the army to defend Rome. Left without orders, the army virtually disintegrated; those who didn't surrender joined forces with the Germans. Fearing a German advance, Victor Emmanuel and his government fled south to Brindisi. This choice, though perhaps necessary for his safety, shocked many, including foreign observers. They drew contrasts to King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, who refused to leave London during the Blitz, and of Pope Pius XII, who mixed with Rome's crowds and prayed with them after the working class Roman Quartiere San Lorenzo was bombed and destroyed. Brindisi is an ancient city in the Italian region of Puglia, the capital of the province of Brindisi. ... George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. ... Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, later Queen Elizabeth (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite; 4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002), was the Queen Consort of George VI from 1936 until his death in 1952. ... Heinkel He 111 German bomber over the Surrey Docks, Southwark, London (German propaganda photomontage). ... Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 – October 9, 1958), reigned as the 260th pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State, from March 2, 1939 until his death. ... San Lorenzo is district in Rome, Italy. ...

Victor Emmanuel transferred most of his powers to his son, Crown Prince Umberto, in April 1943. He was appointed Lieutenant General of the Realm after Rome was liberated in 1944, relinquishing his remaining power but retaining the royal title. Within a year, public opinion forced a plebiscite to decide between retaining the monarchy or becoming a republic. In hopes of influencing the vote, Victor Emmanuel formally abdicated on May 9, 1946. It didn't work; 54% of the voters favored declaring a republic in the referendum held less than a month later, and the Savoy family was required to leave the country. Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15, 1904, Racconigi, province of Cuneo - March 18, 1983, Geneva, Switzerland), the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May (Italian: Re di Maggio), was born the Prince of Piedmont. ... This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (130th in leap years). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

Taking refuge in Egypt, Victor Emmanuel died in Alexandria in 1947 and was buried there. Alexandria (Greek: , Coptic: , Arabic: , Egyptian Arabic: Iskindireyya), (population of 3. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

Legacy

He has been seldom treated sympathetically by historians. His almost forced abdication on the eve of a referendum on the future of the Italian monarchy achieved nothing — being too little, far too late. At worst, it reminded undecided voters of the role the monarchy and the King's own actions (or inactions) had played during the Fascist period, at precisely the moment when monarchists were hoping that voters would focus on the positive impression created by Crown Prince Umberto and Princess Maria José as the de facto monarchs of Italy since 1943. The 'May' King and Queen, Umberto and Maria José, in their brief, month-long reign, were unable to shift the burden of recent history and opinion. Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15, 1904, Racconigi, province of Cuneo - March 18, 1983, Geneva, Switzerland), the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May (Italian: Re di Maggio), was born the Prince of Piedmont. ... Marie-José Charlotte Sophie Amélie Henriette Gabrielle (August 4, 1906 - January 27, 2001) of the Royal House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was the last Queen of Italy. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...

Family

In 1896 he married princess Elena of Montenegro (1873–1953), daughter of Nicholas I, King of Montenegro. Their issue included: Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Princess Jelena Petrović-NjegoÅ¡ of Montenegro (1873 - 1953) was the daughter of King Nikola I Petrović-NjegoÅ¡ of Montenegro and his wife, Milena Vukotić. Jelena was married to King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy They were married in 1896. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... King Nikola I King Nikola I Petrović NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Краљ Никола I Петровић Његош) (October 7, 1841- March 2, 1921) was the only king of Montenegro, reigning as a king from 1910 to 1918 and as a prince from 1860 to 1910. ... Anthem Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, the bright dawn of May Montenegro() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Official languages Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Government Republic  -  President Filip Vujanović  -  Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence due to the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro   -  Declared June 3, 2006   -  Recognized...

1. Yolanda Margherita Milena Elisabetta Romana Maria (1901-1986), married to Giorgio Carlo Calvi, Count Bergolo, (1887–1977);
2. Mafalda Maria Elisabetta Anna Romana (1902–44), married to Prince Philip of Hesse-Kassel (1896–1980) with issue; she died in the Nazi concentration camp at Buchenwald;
3. Umberto, later Umberto II, King of Italy (1904–1983) married to Princess Marie José of Belgium, with issue.
4. Giovanna Elisabetta Antonia Romana Maria (1907–2000), married to Boris III, King of Bulgaria, and mother of Simeon II, King and later Prime Minister of Bulgaria.
5. Maria Francesca Anna Romana (1914–2001), who married Prince Luigi of Bourbon-Parma (1899–1967), with issue.

Princess Yolanda Margherita of Savoy - (Principessa Yolande Margerita Di Savoia) was born in 1901 to Vittorio Emmanuelle III of Italy and died in 1986. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... Princess Mafalda of Italy Princess Mafalda Maria Elisabetta Anna Romana of Savoy (November 2, 1902, Rome – August 27, 1944, Buchenwald) was the second child of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and of his wife Princess Elena Petrovich of Montenegro. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Prince and Landgrave Philipp of Hesse (6 November 1896-25 October 1980) was Head of the Electoral House of Hesse from 1940 to 1980. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Internment be merged into this article or section. ... Slave laborers in the Buchenwald concentration camp (Elie Wiesel is second row, seventh from left). ... Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II, (September 15, 1904 - March 18, 1983), the last King of Italy, nicknamed the King of May (Italian Re di Maggio), was born the Prince of Piedmont. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Marie-José Charlotte Sophie Amélie Henriette Gabrielle (August 4, 1906 - January 27, 2001) was born in Ostend, Belgium, the youngest child of Albert I. On January 30, 1930, she married Prince Umberto, who later became the King of Italy. ... Giovanna of Savoy Tsaritsa Ioanna of Bulgaria, (13 November 1907 - 26 February 2000) was born Princess Giovanna of Savoy and was the last Tsaritsa of Bulgaria. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria (January 30, 1894 – August 28, 1943), originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver, son of Ferdinand I, came to the throne in 1918 upon the abdication of his father, following Bulgarias defeat in World War I. This was the countrys second... Simeon Sakskoburggotski as Prime Minister of Bulgaria Simeon II (born June 16, 1937) was the last Tsar of Bulgaria from 1943 to 1946, and is the current Prime Minister of Bulgaria. ... Prime Ministers, 1879-1946 Todor Stoyanov Burmov 17 July 1879 - 6 December 1879 Archbishop Kliment Turnovski 6 December 1879 - 5 April 1880 Dragan Kiriakov Tsankov 5 April - 10 December 1880 Petko Karavelov 10 December 1880 - 9 May 1881 Johann Casimir Ernrot 9 May - 13 July 1881 Prince Alexander 13 July... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pages in category Bourbon-Parma There are 0 pages in this section of this category. ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

References

• Mack Smith, Denis (1989). Italy and its Monarchy. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05132-8. 

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

EB1911:Victor Emmanuel III

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External links

• Genealogy of recent members of the House of Savoy
• King Vittorio Emanuele III