This article is part of the series on: Image File history File links Rmn-military-header. ... Military of ancient Rome (Portal) 800 BC–AD 476 The Military of ancient Rome (known to the Romans as the militia) relates to the combined military forces of Ancient Rome from the founding of the city of Rome to the end of the Western Roman Empire. ...

Structural history

Roman army (unit types and ranks, legions, auxiliaries, generals)

Roman navy (fleets, admirals)

Campaign history

Lists of Wars and Battles

Decorations and Punishments

Technological history

Military engineering (castra, siege engines, arches, roads)

Personal equipment

Political history

Strategy and tactics

Infantry tactics

Frontiers and fortifications (Limes, Hadrian's Wall)

A victory title is an honorific title adopted by a successful military commander to commemorate his defeat of an enemy nation. This practice was first used by Ancient Rome and is still most commonly associated with the Romans, but it has also been adopted as a practice by many modern empires, especially Napoleonic, British and Russian. The branches of the Roman military at the highest level were the Roman army and the Roman navy. ... The Roman army is the set of land-based military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire as part of the Roman military. ... This is a list of both unit types and ranks of the Roman army from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Roman Empire. ... This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion. ... Auxiliaries (from Latin: auxilia = supports) formed the standing non-citizen corps of the Roman army of the Principate (30 BC - 284 AD), alongside the citizen legions. ... // Manius Acilius Glabrio -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 191 BC) -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 91) -- Titus Aebutius Helva -- Aegidius -- Lucius Aemilius Barbula -- Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir) -- Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus -- Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC) -- Flavius Aëtius -- Lucius Afranius (consul) -- Sextus Calpurnius Agricola -- Gnaeus Julius Agricola -- Flavius Antoninus -- Marcus... Roman trireme, a warship, 31 BC. Note the bank of oars (two on the hidden side), the square-rigged sails, the steering oars, the tower on deck, the ram at the prow, the ballistae and the Greek fire. ... Roman trireme, a warship, 31 BC. Note the bank of oars (two on the hidden side), the square-rigged sails, the steering oars, the tower on deck, the ram at the prow, the ballistae and the Greek fire. ... The history of ancient Rome - originally a city-state of Italy, and later an empire covering much of Eurasia and North Africa from the ninth century BC to the fifth century AD - was often closely entwined with its military history. ... The following is a List of Roman wars fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, organized by date. ... The following is a List of Roman battles (fought by the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire), organized by date. ... As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted a carrot and stick approach to military, with an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry and likewise a range of punishments for the punishment of military transgressions. ... The technology history of the Roman military covers the development of and application of technologies for use in the armies and navies of Rome from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. ... Roman military engineering is a type of Roman engineering carried out by the Roman Army - almost exclusively by the Roman legions for the furthering of military objectives. ... Basic ideal plan of a Roman castrum. ... Roman siege engines were, for the most part, adapted from Hellenistic siege technology. ... List of ancient Roman triumphal arches (By modern country) // France Orange Reims: Porte de Mars Saint Rémy de Provence: Roman site of Glanum Saintes: Arch of Germanicus Greece Arch of Galerius, Thessaloniki Hadrians Arch, Athens Italy It has been suggested that List of Roman arches in Rome be... For the one-off TV Drama, see Roman Road (TV Drama) A Roman road in Pompeii. ... Roman military personal equipment was produced in large numbers to established patterns and used in an established way. ... Root directory at Military history of ancient Rome Romes military was always tightly keyed to its political system. ... The strategy of the Roman Military encompasses its grand strategy (the arrangements made by the state to implement its political goals through a selection of military goals, a process of diplomacy backed by threat of military action, and a dedication to the military of part of its production and resources... Roman infantry tactics refers to the theoretical and historical deployment, formation and maneuvers of the Roman infantry from the start of the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. ... Map of all the territories once occupied by the Roman Empire, along with locations of limes Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire. ... The limes Germanicus, 2nd century. ... // Hadrians Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of Great Britain. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ...

Roman victory titles

Victory titles were treated as Latin cognomina and were usually the name of the enemy defeated by the commander. Hence, names like Africanus ("the African"), Numidicus ("the Numidian"), Isauricus ("the Isaurian"), Creticus ("the Cretan"), Gothicus ("the Goth"), Germanicus ("the German") and Parthicus ("the Parthian"), seemingly out of place for ardently patriotic Romans, are in fact expressions of Roman superiority over these peoples. Literally, this would be akin to calling generals Erwin Rommel "Rommel the African," George S. Patton, Jr. "Patton the German" and H. Norman Schwarzkopf "Schwarzkopf the Iraqi"; however, the correct sense were better expressed as "Rommel of African fame", "Patton of German fame", "Schwarzkopf of Iraqi fame" and so forth. Some victory titles were treated as hereditary, while others were not passed on. Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel ( ) (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) was one of the most famous German field marshals of World War II. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname “The Desert Fox” (Wüstenfuchs,  ) for the skillful military campaigns he... George Smith Patton Jr. ... Norman Schwarzkopf can refer to: Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr. ...

The practice of awarding victory titles was well-established within the Roman Republic. The most famous grantee of Republican victory title was Publius Cornelius Scipio, who for his great victories in the Second Punic War was awarded by the Roman Senate the title "Africanus" and is thus known to history as "Scipio Africanus" (his adopted grandson Scipio Aemilianus Africanus was awarded the same title after the Third Punic War and is known as "Scipio Africanus the Younger"). Other notable holders of such victory titles include Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, who was replaced by Gaius Marius in command-in-chief of the Jugurthine War, Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, who commanded Roman anti-pirate operations in the eastern Mediterranean and was father of Julius Caesar's colleague in his second consulate (Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus in 48 BC), and Marcus Antonius Creticus, another anti-piratical commander and father of Caesar's master of the horse, Mark Antony (of Egyptian fame). Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus Roman provinces on the eve of the assassination of Julius Caesar, c. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Scipio Africanus. ... Combatants Roman Republic Carthage Commanders Publius Cornelius Scipio†, Tiberius Sempronius Longus Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Gaius Flaminius†, Fabius Maximus, Claudius Marcellus†, Lucius Aemilius Paullus†, Gaius Terentius Varro, Marcus Livius Salinator, Gaius Claudius Nero, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus†, Masinissa, Minucius†, Servilius Geminus† Hannibal Barca, Hasdrubal Barca†, Mago Barca†, Hasdrubal Gisco†, Syphax... The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire. ... Nicholas Poussins painting of the Continence of Scipio, depicting his return of a captured young woman to her fiancé, having refused to accept her from his troops as a prize of war. ... Combatants Roman Republic Carthage Commanders Scipio Aemilianus Hasdrubal the Boetarch Strength 40,000 90,000 Casualties 17,000 62,000 The Third Punic War (149 BC to 146 BC) was the third and last of the Punic Wars fought between the former Phoenician colony of Carthage, and the Republic of... The Caecilii Metellii was one of the most important and wealthiest families in the Roman Republic. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Jugurthine War (122-105 BC) was fought between the Roman Republic and Jugurtha, the renegade king of the African client state of Numidia. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Consul (abbrev. ... A Roman Consul elected in 48 BC along with Julius Caesar. ... Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus. ... Marcus Antonius Creticus (lived 1st century BC) was a Roman politician, member of the Antonius family. ... The Master of the Horse was (and in some cases, is) a historical position of varying importance in several European nations. ... Bust of Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N[1]) ( January 14 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. ...

The practice continued in the Roman Empire, although it was subsequently amended by some Roman Emperors who desired to emphasise the totality of their victories by adding Maximus ("the Greatest") to the victory title (e.g., Parthicus Maximus, "the Greatest Parthian"). This taste grew to be rather vulgar by modern standards, with increasingly grandiose accumulations of partially fictitious victory titles. Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

See also: List of Imperial Victory Titles This document is a list of victory titles assumed by Roman Emperors, not including assumption of the title Imperator (is itself a victory title); note that the Roman Emperors were not the only persons to assume victory titles (Maximinus Thrax acquired his victory title during the reign of a previous...

• In a broader sense, the term victory title is sometimes used to describe the repeatable awarding of the invariable, style of Imperator (Greek equivalent Autokrator; see those articles), which is the highest military qualification (as modern states have awarded a non-operational highest rank, sometimes instituted for a particular general), but even when it marks the recipient out for one or more memorable victories (and the other use, as a permanent military command for the ruler, became in fact the more significant one), it does not actually specify one.

The Latin word imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. ...

Medieval victory titles

After the fall of Rome, the practice continued in modified form, notably with

• the first Carolingian emperor of the Franks, Charlemagne, styling himself Dominator Saxonorum ("Dominator of the Saxons") after subduing by force the last major pagan people in the empire, henceforward transformed into a stem duchy (under its own ducal dynasty, but vassal to the Holy Roman Emperor)
• Basil II called Bulgaroktonos ("the Bulgar Slayer").

Charlemagne and Pippin the Hunchback. ... During the Early Middle Ages, the stem duchies formed the major divisions of the eastern Carolingian kingdom (roughly the region of modern Germany). ... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Painting of Basil II, from an 11th century manuscript. ...

Modern victory titles

Later, the term would again be applied to titles awarded in commemoration of a major military victory, but now in the guise of a feudal aristocratic title, often hereditary, but only in appearance: an actual fief was not required, indeed they often were granted in chief of a battlefield where the awarding Monarch simply had no constitutional authority to grant anything validly under local law.

This new form also was even more specific than the Roman practice. Instead of naming the enemy -which could well need to be repeated- it linked the name of a battle, which was almost always unique. A further level of protection was available by naming a nearby place, such as 'Austerlitz' which Napoleon declared sounded better than the alternative.

Russian Empire

Victory titles were popular in the Russian Empire in the period between the reigns of Catherine the Great and Nicholas I of Russia. As early as 1707, after Alexander Menshikov occupied Swedish Ingria (Izhora) during the Great Northern War, Peter I of Russia officially designated him Prince Izhorsky. Other Russian victory titles, sometimes for whole campaigns rather than specific battles, include: The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ... Catherine II (Екатерина II Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from... Nicholas I (Russian: Николай I Павлович, Nikolai I Pavlovich), July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (18 February Old Style), 1855), was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. ... Menshikov in Exile Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov (Александр Данилович Меншиков) (1673 – 1729) was a Russian statesman, whose official titles included Generalissimo, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire... Ingria may be seen represented in the easternmost part of the Carta Marina (1539) Ingria (Finnish: , Russian: , Swedish: , Estonian: ) is a historical region, now situated mostly in Russia, comprising the area along the basin of the river Neva, between the Gulf of Finland, the Narva River, Lake Peipsi in the... Combatants Sweden Ottoman Empire (1710–1714) Ukrainian Cossacks Russia Denmark-Norway Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Saxony after 1718 Prussia Hanover Commanders Charles XII of Sweden Ahmed III Ivan Mazepa Peter the Great Frederick IV of Denmark Augustus II the Strong Strength 77,000 in the beginning of the war. ... Peter the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov (Russian: Пётр I Алексеевич Pyotr I Alekséyevich) (9 June 1672–8 February 1725 [30 May 1672–28 January 1725 O.S.][1]) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly...

• 1775 — Chesmensky ("Chesmean") for Count Aleksey Orlov for his victory in the naval Battle of Chesma;
• 1775 — Zadunaisky ("Transdanubian") for Count Pyotr Rumyantsev for his crossing the Danube during the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774;
• 1775 — Krymsky ("Crimean") for Prince Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov for his victories in the Crimea during the said war;
• 1783 — His Serene Highness Prince Tavrichesky for Grigori Potemkin for his annexation of the Crimea and New Russia (Taurida was the ancient Greek name of the area; see also Tauride Palace);
• 1789 — Rymniksky for Alexander Suvorov for his victory in the Battle of Rymnik;
• 1799 — Prince Italiysky ("Italian") for Suvovov, for having cleared Northern Italy from the French republican forces;
• 1813 — His Serene Highness Prince Smolensky for Mikhail Kutuzov for his defeat of Napoleon at Krasnoi near Smolensk during Napoleon's invasion of Russia;
• 1827 — Count Erivansky for Ivan Paskevich for his capture of Erivan in Armenia during the Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828;
• 1829 — Zabalkansky ("Transbalkanian") for Count Ivan Dibich for having crossed the Balkan Mountains during the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829;
• 1831 — His Serene Highness Prince Varshavsky ("Warsawian") for Paskevich for having taken Warsaw during the November Uprising;
• 1855 — Karssky for Count Nicholas Muravyov for his capture of Kars after the Siege of Kars;

Furthermore, similar titles were awarded for comparable merits to the empire, e.g. in 1858 — Amursky for another Nicholas Muravyov, who had negotiated a new border between Russian and China along the Amur River under the Treaty of Aigun. Aleksey Orlov, also transliterated as Aleksei Orlov or Alexei Orlov. ... The naval Battle of Chesma took place on 5-7 July 1770 near and in Chesma (Turkish: ÇeÅŸme) Bay, in the area between Asia Minor and the island of Chios, the site of a number of past naval battles between Turkey and Venice. ... The Rumyantsev family (Румянцевы) were Russian counts prominent in Russian imperial politics in the 18th and early 19th centuries. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dānu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Prince Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin (Russian: Григорий Александрович Потемкин) (September 13, 1739 (NS: September 24) – October 5, 1791 (NS: October 16)) was a Russian... Motto: Процветание в единстве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) on the map of Ukraine. ... Novorossiya (Russian: , literally New Russia) is a historic area now mostly located in southern Ukraine, and partially in southern Russia. ... Taurida was a historical oblast of Russia that is now part of Ukraine. ... Tauride Palace and Gardens in the early 20th century. ... Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Russian: ) (sometimes transliterated as Aleksandr, Aleksander and Suvarov), Count Suvorov of Rymnik, Prince of Italy () (November 24, 1729 – May 18, 1800), was the fourth and last Russian Generalissimo (not counting Stalin). ... Combatants Russia, Austria Ottoman Empire Commanders Alexander Suvorov, Josias of Coburg Yusuf Pasha Strength 25,000 60,000 In the Battle of Rymnik (September 22, 1789) during the Russo-Turkish War, Alexander Suvorov, acting together with the Austrian General Prince Josias of Coburg, attacked the main Ottoman army under Grand... Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov (September 16, 1745 – April 28, 1813 (n. ... Combatants First French Empire Russian Empire Commanders Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov Strength 42,000 regulars, 39,000 stragglers 60,000-80,000 Casualties 6,000-13,000 killed, 20,000-26,000 captured ~ (almost all stragglers) 5,000 The Battle of Krasnoi (Krasny) (November 15 to 18, 1812... A view of Smolensk in 1912. ... Kazan Cathedral in St Petersburg and the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow were built to commemorate the Russian victory against Napoleon. ... Portrait by George Dawe from the Military Gallery Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich (Russian: ) (18 August [O.S. 5 August] 1782 – 1 February [O.S. 20 January] 1856) was a Ukrainian-born military leader in the Russian service. ... Yerevan (Armenian: Երեվան or Երևան; sometimes written as Erevan; former names include Erivan and Erebuni) (population: 1,201,539 (1989 census); 1,088,300 (2004 estimate)[1]) is the largest city and capital of Armenia. ... The Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire. ... Portrait by George Dawe from the Military Gallery Count Hans Karl Friedrich Anton von Diebitsch and Narden (Russian: ) (May 13, 1785 - June 10, 1831), Russian field marshal, was born in Silesia. ... Stara Planina, Rhodope, Rila and Pirin Mountains View from Ray Resthouse towards the Central Balkan Mountains. ... The Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829 was sparked by the Greeks struggle for independence. ... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Coordinates: , Country  Poland Voivodeship Masovia Powiat city county Gmina Warszawa Districts 18 boroughs City Rights turn of the 13th century Government  - Mayor Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO) Area  - City 516. ... Coat-of-arms of the November Uprising. ... Kars (Armenian: Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ½) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of the Kars Province, formerly at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Count Nikolay N. Muravyov-Amursky Nikolay Nikolayevich Muravyov-Amursky (also spelled as Nikolai Nikolaevich Muraviev-Amurskiy) (Russian: ) (August 11 (August 23 in the Julian calendar), 1809—November 30(18), 1881) was a Russian statesman and diplomat, who played a major role in expansion of the Russian Empire to the Pacific... The Amur (Russian: Амур) (Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江; Hēilóng Jiāng, literally meaning Black Dragon River) (Mongolian: Хара-Мурэн, Khara-Muren or Black River) (Manchu: Sahaliyan Ula, literal meaning Black... The Treaty of Aigun was the Russian-Chinese treaty that established the modern borders of the Russian Far East. ...

Napoleonic

First Empire

As Napoleon I Bonaparte, the founder of the dynasty and only ruler (be it twice, interrupted by his Elba period, still with the protocollary rank of Emperor) of France as premier Empire, owed his success, both his personal rise and the growth of his empire, above all to his military excellence, it is hardly surprising that he bestowed most gratified honours on his generals, mainly the impressive number that got raised to the supreme army rank of maréchal (marshal). For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ...

The revival of the original victory title, created for a specific victory, was an ideal form, and all incumbents were victorious marshals (or posthumously, in chief of the widow).

The highest of these titles were four nominal Principalities, in most cases awarded as a 'promotion' to holders of ducal victory titles: A principality is a monarchical feudatory or sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a Monarch with the title of prince or princess (a synonym is princedom) or (in the widest sense) a Monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince. ...

• Eckmühl for maréchal Davout in 1809, extinct 1853 (also duc d'Auerstaedt)
• Essling for maréchal Masséna (1810) - see also below Rivoli
• La Moskowa (from Bataille de la Moskowa, the French name for the Battle of Borodino) for maréchal Ney in 1813, extinct 1969 (also duc d'Elchingen)
• Wagram for maréchal Berthier in 1809, extinct 1918

Next in rank were eleven Dukedoms: Eckmühl is a village of Germany, in Bavaria, on the Große Laaber, 20 km S.E. of Regensburg. ... Davout, Marshal of France. ... The Battle of Aspern-Essling (May 22, 1809), was fought between the French and their allies under Napoleon and the Austrians commanded by the archduke Charles. ... “Massena” redirects here. ... Combatants First French Empire Russian Empire Commanders Napoleon I Mikhail Kutuzov Strength 82,400 infantry 26,700 cavalry 14,900 artillery troops with 587 guns[1] 72,000 infantry 17,300 cavalry 14,500 artillery troops with 637 guns[2] Casualties ~6,600 killed ~21,400 wounded [3] ~43,000... Michel Ney, Marshal of France. ... The Battle of Wagram, around the isle of Lobau on the Danube and on the plain of the Marchfeld around the village of Wagram 15 km north east of Vienna, Austria, took place on July 5 and 6, 1809 and resulted in the decisive victory of French forces under Napoleon... Louis Alexandre Berthier, Marshal of France. ...

• Elchingen for maréchal Ney in 1808, extinct 1969 (later prince de la Moscowa)
• Dantzig (then still a city republic, Prussian Danzig after Napoleon's defeat, now Gdańsk in Poland) for maréchal Lefebvre on 28 May 1807, extinct 1820
• Abrantès for maréchal Junot in 1808, extinct 1859 but extended in female line in 1869, again extinct 1985
• Auerstaedt for maréchal Davout in 1808; extinct 1853, extended to collaterals (also prince d'Eckmühl)
• Castiglione for maréchal Augereau in 1808, extinct 1915
• Montebello for maréchal Lannes in 1808
• Raguse (present-day Dubrovnik, on the Croatian coast; conquered as part of Napoleon's own Italian kingdom, soon part of France's imperial exclave the Illyrian province) for maréchal Marmont in 1808; extinct 1852
• Rivoli for maréchal Masséna in 1808
• Valmy for maréchal Kellermann in 1808, extinct 1868
• Albufera for maréchal Suchet in 1813.

No titles of any lower nobiliary rank are reported. Elchingen is a municipality about 7 km east of Ulm/Neu-Ulm in the district of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria, Germany Municipality parts: Thalfingen: 4. ... Michel Ney, Marshal of France. ... For alternative meanings of Gdańsk and Danzig, see Gdansk (disambiguation) and Danzig (disambiguation) The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... François Joseph Lefebvre, Marshal of France François Joseph Lefebvre, duc de Dantzig (25 October 1755 – 14 September 1820) was Marshal of France during the Napoleonic Wars. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1807 (MDCCCVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... District Santarém Mayor   - Party Nélson Marques Carvalho Socialist Area 715. ... Jean-Andoche Junot Jean-Andoche Junot, Duke of Abrantes (October 23, 1771 – July 29, 1813) was a French general during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. ... The Battle of Auerstädt was fought on 14 October 1806, and resulted in a French victory under marshall Davout against the Prussians under General Brunswick. ... Davout, Marshal of France. ... Castiglione delle Stiviere is a town and comune in the province of Mantova, in Lombardy. ... Charles Pierre François Augereau, duc de Castiglione Charles Pierre François Augereau, duc de Castiglione (October 21, 1757 – June 12, 1816) was a French soldier and military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. ... The Battle of Montebello was fought on 9 June 1800 near Montebello in Lombardy. ... Marshal of France Jean Lannes by Jean Charles Nicaise Perrin Jean Lannes, Duke of Montebello (April 11, 1769 – May 31, 1809), Marshal of France, was born at Lectoure, Gers. ... Nickname: 1995 map of Dubrovnik The location of Dubrovnik within Croatia Coordinates: , Country Croatia County Dubrovnik-Neretva county Government  - Mayor Dubravka Å uica (HDZ) Area  - City 143. ... The French Empire provinces in Italy and Illyria in 1810. ... Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont, Marshal of France. ... Combatants French Republic Austrian Empire Commanders Napoleon Bonaparte Joseph Alvinczy, Peter Quasdanovich Strength 23,000 28,000 Casualties 5,000 dead and wounded 14,000 dead, wounded or captured The Battle of Rivoli (14–15 January 1797) was a key victory in the first French campaign in Italy against Austria. ... “Massena” redirects here. ... Combatants France Prussia Commanders Dumouriez, Kellermann Duke of Brunswick Strength 47,000 35,000 Casualties 300 184 The Battle of Valmy (or Cannonade of Valmy) was fought on 20 September 1792, during the French Revolutionary Wars, around the village of Valmy in northern France. ... François Christophe de Kellermann. ... Albufera is a lake on the coast of Spain, 7 miles south of Valencia, near which Marshal Suchet gained a victory over the English in 1811. ... Louis Gabriel Suchet Louis Gabriel Suchet, duc dAlbufera da Valencia (March 2, 1770 – January 3, 1826), Marshal of France, one of the most brilliant of Napoleons generals. ...

Second Empire

Although Napoleon III never came close to his predecessor's military genius, is even rather remembered for defeats, he loved tying in to numerous aspects of the First Empire, so he not only revived many of its institutions and relegitimated titles Napoléon I had awarded, but did a good number of creations in kind.

Probably for lack of memorable military exploits, this included only two victory titles, both of ducal rank:

• Malakoff (from the Crimea War) for maréchal Pélissier in 1856, extinct 1864
• Magenta (from the Campaign of Italy; a newly invented dye was named for the same battle) for maréchal de MacMahon in 1859.

The Battle of Malakoff was fought on September 7, 1855 and resulted in a French victory under General MacMahon against the Russians. ... Combatants United Kingdom France Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Strength 250,000 British 400,000 French 10,000 Sardinian 1,200,000 Russian Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease 110,000 killed, wounded and died... Aimable Jean Jacques Pélissier, duc de Malakoff, maréchal of France Aimable Jean Jacques Pélissier, duke of Malakoff (November 6, 1794 - May 22, 1864), was a marshal of France. ... Combatants French Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Austrian Empire Commanders Napoleon III Ferencz Gyulaj Strength 59,100 91 guns 125,000 [2] Casualties 657 dead 3,858 wounded 1,368 dead 4,538 wounded 4,500 captured Map of the Second Italian War of Independence The Battle of Magenta was fought... This article is about the dye color magenta. ... Patrice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta President of France, 1873-1879 Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta, Marshal of France (July 13, 1808 - October 16, 1893) was a Frenchman of Irish descent. ...

British Empire

Many victory titles have been created in the Peerages of Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Examples include: For other uses, see Peerage (disambiguation). ...

• Admiral Sir Adam Duncan, victor of the Battle of Camperdown, was created Viscount Duncan of Camperdown in 1797. (His son was later created Earl of Camperdown.)
• Admiral Sir John Jervis, victor of the Battle of Cape St Vincent, was created Earl of St Vincent in 1797, and was further created Viscount St Vincent in 1801.
• Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley (later the 1st Duke of Wellington), victor of the Battle of Douro, was, as the subsidiary title granted to him with the Viscountcy of Wellington (see below), created Baron Douro in 1809. He was later, as the subsidiary title granted to him with the Dukedom of Wellington, created Marquess Douro in 1814.
• General Sir Robert Napier, who commanded the Abyssinian Expedition of 1868 and captured the fortress of Magdàla, was created Baron Napier of Magdala in 1868.
• Field Marshal Lord French, the first commander of the British Expeditionary Force in the First World War, was created Earl of Ypres in 1922.
• Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, in honour of his 1942 victory in the Egyptian town of El Alamein against Rommel's Afrikakorps, was created Viscount Montgomery of Alamein in 1946.
• Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser, victor of the Battle of North Cape, was created Baron Fraser of North Cape in 1946.
• Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, who oversaw the recapture of Burma from the Japanese, was created Viscount Mountbatten of Burma in 1946 and Earl Mountbatten of Burma in 1947.

Often the victory is commemorated in the territorial designation rather than the peerage itself. Examples include: Admiral Adam Duncan Adam Duncan, Viscount Duncan of Camperdown (1 July 1731 - 4 August 1804), born in Lundie, Angus, Scotland, and receiving his education in Dundee - defeated the Dutch fleet off Camperdown (north of Haarlem) on 11 October 1797. ... The Battle of Camperdown, 11 October 1797 by Thomas Whitcombe, painted 1798, showing the British flagship Venerable engaged with the Dutch flagship Vrijheid The naval Battle of Camperdown took place on 11 October 1797 during the French Revolutionary Wars, and was a victory for a British fleet under Admiral Adam... The title of Viscount Duncan of Camperdown was created in 1797 for Adam Duncan, the hero of the naval Battle of Camperdown against the Franco-Dutch fleet, fought in that year. ... John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (9 January 1735-14 March 1823) was an admiral in the British Royal Navy. ... There are three Battles of Cape St Vincent The Battle of Cape St Vincent, 14 February 1797 by Robert Cleveley, painted 1798, shows the end of the battle with the captured Spanish ship Salvador del Mundo in the right foreground. ... The title of Viscount Saint Vincent of Meaford was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801 for John Jervis, the noted admiral. ... Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... Combatants First French Empire United Kingdom Commanders Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult General Lord Wellesley In the (Second) Battle of Oporto (or the Battle of the Douro) Wellesley took the town of Porto and the French lost heavily. ... The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title and the senior Dukedom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Robert Cornelis Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala Robert Cornelis Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala, GCB, GCSI, CIE, FRS (1810-1890), was a British soldier. ... Baron Napier of Magdala, of Magdala in Abyssinia and of Carynton in the County Palatine of Chester, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... The Earl of Ypres John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, KP, GCB, OM, GCVO, KCMG, PC (28 September 1852–22 May 1925) was a British Field Marshal, the first commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in World War I. Biography Born in Ripple in Kent, the son... The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the British army sent to France and Belgium in World War I and British Forces in Europe from 1939–1940 during World War II. The BEF was established by Secretary of State for War Richard Haldane following the Second Boer War in case the... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The Earldom of Ypres was created in 1922 for Field Marshal Sir John French, who had previously been created Viscount French (1916). ... Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO, PC (17 November 1887 – 24 March 1976) was a British Army officer, often referred to as Monty. He successfully commanded Allied forces at the Battle of El Alamein, a major turning point in World War II, and... For the Battle of Alam Halfa, which is also often termed the Second Battle of El Alamein, see Battle of Alam Halfa Combatants British Eighth Army: United Kingdom Australia New Zealand South Africa India Panzer Army Africa: Nazi Germany Fascist Italy Commanders Bernard Montgomery Erwin Rommel Strength 220,000 men... El Alamein is a town in northern Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea coast. ... The Deutsches Afrikakorps (often just Afrika Korps or DAK) was the corps_level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in Libya and Egypts Western Desert during the North African Campaign of World War II. Since there was little turnover in the units attached to the corps the term is commonly... Viscount Montgomery of Alamein is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Admiral of the Fleet Bruce Austin Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape, GCB, KBE, (born Acton February 5, 1888 – February 12, 1981) was a senior British admiral during World War II. He joined the Royal Navy as a Cadet on 15 January 1904. ... Combatants Nazi Germany United Kingdom Commanders Erich Bey† Bruce Fraser Strength 1 battlecruiser 5 destroyers 1 battleship 1 heavy cruiser 3 light cruisers 9 destroyers Casualties 1 battlecruiser sunk 1 battleship lightly damaged 1 heavy cruiser lightly damaged 1 light cruiser lightly damaged 1 destroyer lightly damaged In the World... Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC (25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979) was a British admiral and statesman and an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ... The title Earl Mountbatten of Burma was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1947 for Louis Mountbatten, 1st Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, the last Viceroy of India. ... A territorial designation is an aspect of the creation of modern peerages that links them specifically to a specific place or places, at least one of which is almost always in the United Kingdom. ...

• Rear-Admiral Sir Horatio Nelson, victor of the Battle of the Nile, was created Baron Nelson, of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk, in 1798, and (by this time a Vice-Admiral) was further created Viscount Nelson, of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk. He was created Duke of Bronte by the Neapolitan king in 1799. In May 1801 and Baron Nelson, of the Nile and of Hilborough in the County of Norfolk, in August 1801. After his victory and death at the Battle of Trafalgar, his brother was created Earl Nelson, of Trafalgar and of Merton in the County of Surrey, and Viscount Merton, of Trafalgar and of Merton in the County of Surrey, in 1805, in his honour.
• Lady Abercromby, widow of Sir Ralph Abercromby, victor of the Battle of Aboukir, who had died of wounds received in that battle, was created Baroness Abercromby, of Aboukir and of Tullibody in the County of Clackmannan, in 1801, in honour of her late husband.
• Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley (later the 1st Duke of Wellington), victor of the Battle of Talavera, was created Viscount Wellington, of Talavera and of Wellington in the County of Somerset, in 1809.
• Major-General Sir Herbert Kitchener, in recognition of his victory in the Battle of Omdurman, was created Baron Kitchener, of Khartoum and of Aspall in the County of Suffolk (Khartoum being the less obscure but relatively near capital of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan), in 1898, and (by this time a full General) was further created Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum, of Khartoum and of the Vaal in the Colony of Transvaal and of Aspall in the County of Suffolk (having been Administrator of Transvaal and of the Orange River Colony in 1901), in 1902, and (by this time a Field Marshal) was further still created Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and of Broome, of Khartoum and of Broome in the County of Kent, in 1914.
• Field Marshal Sir John French, the first commander of the British Expeditionary Force in the First World War, was created Viscount French, of Ypres and of High Lake in the County of Roscommon, in 1916.
• Admiral of the Fleet Sir David Beatty, the First Sea Lord and formerly Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Fleet during the last years of the First World War, was, as one of the subsidiary titles granted to him with the Earldom of Beatty, created Baron Beatty, of the North Sea and of Brooksby in the County of Leicester, in 1919.
• Field Marshal Sir Edmund Allenby, victor of the Battle of Megiddo, was created Viscount Allenby, of Megiddo and of Felixstowe in the County of Suffolk, in 1919.
• Field Marshal Sir William Birdwood, best known as the commander of the ANZACs in the First World War, was created Baron Birdwood, of Anzac and of Totnes in the County of Devon, in 1938.
• Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, a senior British general in the Second World War, was created Baron Wilson, of Libya and of Stowlangtoft in the County of Suffolk, in 1946.

Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, KB (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a English admiral famous for his participation in the Napoleonic Wars, most notably in the Battle of Trafalgar, a decisive British victory in the war, where he lost his life. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson François-Paul Brueys DAigalliers† Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218... Combatants United Kingdom First French Empire Kingdom of Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson † Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve Strength 27 ships of the line and 6 others. ... The title Earl Nelson, of Trafalgar and of Merton in the County of Surrey, was created in 1805 for William Nelson, older brother of the late admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson. ... Mary Anne Abercromby, nee Menzies, 1st Baroness Abercromby (b. ... Sir Ralph Abercromby (sometimes spelled Abercrombie) (October 7, 1734–March 28, 1801) was a British lieutenant-general noted for his services during the Napoleonic Wars. ... AbÅ« QÄ«r (Arabic أبو قير) (also Abukir or Aboukir) is a village on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, 23 kilometers (14. ... The title of Baron Abercromby was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1821 and became extinct in 1924. ... Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title and the senior Dukedom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... The battle of Talavera was fought on July 27 and 28 of 1809 and resulted in the difficult victory of the British and Spanish under Sir Arthur Wellesley against the French under King Joseph. ... The Earl Kitchener Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was an Irish-born British Field Marshal, diplomat and statesman popularly referred to as Lord Kitchener. ... Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Horatio Kitchener Abdullah al-Taashi Strength 8,200 British, 17,600 Sudanese and Egyptian soldiers 52,000 warriors Casualties 48 dead 434 wounded 9,700 killed 13,000 wounded 5,000 captured At the Battle of Omdurman (September 2, 1898) an army commanded... Earl Kitchener, of Khartoum and of Broome in the County of Kent, is a peerage title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... The Earl of Ypres John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, KP, GCB, OM, GCVO, KCMG, PC (28 September 1852–22 May 1925) was a British Field Marshal, the first commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in World War I. Biography Born in Ripple in Kent, the son... The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the British army sent to France and Belgium in World War I and British Forces in Europe from 1939–1940 during World War II. The BEF was established by Secretary of State for War Richard Haldane following the Second Boer War in case the... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The Earldom of Ypres was created in 1922 for Field Marshal Sir John French, who had previously been created Viscount French (1916). ... David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty (17 January 1871- 11 March 1936), was an admiral in the Royal Navy. ... The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the British Royal Navy. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Earl Beatty is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Battle of Megiddo refers to one of three major battles fought near the ancient site of Megiddo in the Jezreel Valley of northern Israel. ... Viscount Allenby, of Megiddo and of Felixstowe in the County of Suffolk, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Field Marshal William Riddell Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood GCB GCSI GCMG GCVO GBE CIE DSO (13 September 1865 – 17 May 1951) was a First World War general who is best known as the commander of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) during the Battle of Gallipoli in 1915. ... The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (popularly abbreviated as ANZAC) was originally an army corps of Australian and New Zealand troops who fought in World War I at Gallipoli against the Turks. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Baron Birdwood is a peerage title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Henry Maitland Wilson, Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For life peers with the surname Wilson, see Baron Wilson (disambiguation) Baron Wilson is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ...

Hungary

In Hungary titles of nobility, the so-called predicates, were granted usually named after the estates of the family in question, but sometimes the rulers of Hungary granted victory titles. Regent Miklós Horthy was not authorized to grant noble titles, but he has the right to award titles of the Order of Vitéz which carried noble predicates. Examples include: “Horthy” redirects here. ... Vitéz or Order of Vitéz (Vitézi Rend in Hungarian) was a Hungarian Order founded in 1678 by Imre Thököly, (1657-1705), a Hungarian nobleman, who was leading a rebellion against Leopold I of Austria, who suspended the Constitution and placed Hungary under a Directorate headed...

• Baron Pál Kray de Krajova et Topolya received the predicate Krajovai or de Krajova, because he had conquered the Romanian town Craiova during Turkish wars.
• Baron Sándor Szurmay de Uzsok was created baron by Hungarian king Charles IV with the predicate Uzsoki or de Uzsok. He was the hero of the battle of Uzsok during World War I.
• Baron Gyula Cseszneky was granted by Regent Horthy the title de Milvány because of his bravery at Miluani village during the reannexation of Northern Transylvania. His title was recognised and confirmed in Croatia as Baron Cseszneky de Milvány.

Baron Pál Kray de Krajova et Topolya (German: ) (February 5, 1735–January 19, 1804) was an Hungarian-Austrian soldier. ... County Dolj County Status County capital Mayor Antonie Solomon, Democratic Party, since 2004 Area 81. ... The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe marked the better part of the history of southeastern Europe, notably, giving infamy to the Balkans. ... Czech), Karol IV (in Slovak), Charles (in English) Karl of Austria (August 17, 1887 - April 1, 1922), more formally known as Karl Franz Josef Ludwig Hubert Georg Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, was (among other titles) the last Emperor of Austria, the last King of Hungary and Bohemia, and the last... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The young Baron Gyula Cseszneky Baron Gyula István Cseszneky de Milvány et Cseszneg (1914, Csorvás—?) was a Hungarian poet, translator, politician, and, as Julius I, prince of Pindus and Moglena. ... Read carefully- a chauvinist bias included! Romania with Northern Transylvania highlighted in yellow Northern Transylvania is a part of Transylvania which, after separation from Hungary in 1920 by the Trianon (Versailles) Treaty, was awarded by Germany and Italy to Hungary in line with the Vienna Awards of 1940. ... The coat of arms of the Barons Cseszneky de Milvány The Cseszneky family (in Hungarian also spelled: Csesznegi, in Slovak: Česnegi and in Croatian: Česnegić) was a noble family in Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia. ...

Other monarchies

• The Spanish crown has awarded similar titles, such as Duque de Ciudad Rodrigo (hereditary) for the English Viscount Wellington (later Duke of Wellington); in fact it even created similar titles for peace-time merits to the state, such as a well-negotiated peace treaty.
• So did the Portuguese kingdom, as Duque da Vitória (Duke of Victory), Marquês de Torres Vedras (from the Lines of Torres Vedras) and Conde de Vimeiro (from the Battle of Vimeiro) for the same Duke of Wellington.
• The Dutch crown, then of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, created the first Duke of Wellington Prince of Waterloo in 1815.
• In Italy, reunited as kingdom under the Savoy house of Piemonte-Sardinia:
  • Cialdini, the Piedmontese general, received the victory title of Duke of Gaeta (ironic since this had been the chief of a Napoleonic duché grand-fief), which in 1860 it was the scene of the last stand of Bourbon king Francis II of the Two Sicilies against the forces of United Italy, whose 12,000 men in the fortress, after Garibaldi's occupation of Naples, stubbornly resisted, but 1861-02-13 capitulated after the withdrawal of the French fleet made bombardment from the sea possible, thus sealing the annexation of the Bourbon Kingdom of Naples to the Piedmontese Kingdom of Italy.
  • In 1922, General Armando Diaz, Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Army during World War I, was given the title of Duca della Vittoria (Duke of the Victory) and Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel, Chief of Naval Staff the title of Duca del Mare (Duke of the Sea).

The Spanish title of Duque de Ciudad Rodrigo was conferred on the British General Arthur Wellesley, 1st Viscount Wellington in January 1812. ... The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title and the senior Dukedom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Arms of Dukes of Wellington The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title and the senior rank in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Arms of Dukes of Wellington The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title and the senior rank in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... The Lines of Torres Vedras The Lines of Torres Vedras were a line of forts in Portugal built in secrecy between November 1809 and September 1810 during the Peninsular War. ... Arms of Dukes of Wellington The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title and the senior rank in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... The Battle of Vimeiro was fought on August 20, 1808 and resulted the victory of the British under the Duke of Wellington against the French under General Junot. ... The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Limburg in 1839 1, 2 and 3 United Kingdom of the Netherlands (until 1830) 1 and 2 Kingdom of the Netherlands (after 1830) 2 Duchy of Limburg (In the German Confederacy after 1839 as compensation for Waals-Luxemburg) 3 and 4 Kingdom of Belgium (after... The title Prince of Waterloo is retained by the Dukes of Wellington. ... For the psychologist see Robert Cialdini. ... This is a list of the hypati, patricians, consuls, and dukes of Gaeta. ... The term duke is a title of nobility which refers to the sovereign male ruler of a Continental European duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest rank of nobility in various other European countries, including Portugal, Spain and France (in Italy... Francis II (Francesco dAssisi Maria Leopoldo, January 16, 1836 – December 27, 1894), was King of the Two Sicilies from 1859 to 1861. ... Garibaldi may refer to: People Giuseppe Garibaldi, an Italian and French revolutionary, and Anita Garibaldi, his wife; Michael Garibaldi, a fictional character in the television series Babylon 5; Garibaldi, a pop music group; Places Garibaldi, Oregon; Garibaldi, British Columbia; Mount Garibaldi; Garibaldi (city), Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil; Garbaldis... The Kingdom of Naples was born out of the division of the Kingdom of Sicily after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. ... General Armando Diaz Armando Diaz (December 5, 1861–February 29, 1928) was a Marshal of Italy. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Count Paolo Thaon di Revel (1859-1948) was an admiral of the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) during World War I. He twice served as Naval Chief of Staff during the war and was reluctant to risk the Italian battlefleet in anything other than a major surface action. ...

See also

• titles including protector, such as Defensor Perpétuo
• List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility

Protector, sometimes spelled protecter, is used as a title or part of various historical titles of heads of state and others in authority. ... This list has been split into smaller lists: List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: A-C List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: D-F List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: J-L List of...

Sources and references

• Heraldica.org-Napoleonic titles; also gives their coats of arms