Vienna Awards or Vienna Arbitration Awards or Vienna Arbitral Awards or Vienna Diktats or Viennese Arbitrals are various names for two arbitral awards (1938 and 1940) by which arbiters of National Socialist Germany and Fascist Italy sought to enforce peacefully the territorial claims of Revisionist Hungary, ruled by Regent Admiral Miklós Horthy. The awards sanctioned Hungary's annexation of territories in present-day Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania which Hungary had lost by the 1920 Treaty of Trianon at the end of World War I, and which Hungary had always sought to regain. 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Revisionism is a word which has several meanings. ... // High public office A regent, from the Latin regens who reigns is anyone who acts of head of state, especially if not the Monarch (who has higher titles). ... Miklós Horthy in 1921 Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya, Duke of Szeged and Otranto (Hungarian: Vitéz Nagybányai Horthy Miklós; Kenderes, June 18, 1868 – Estoril, February 9, 1957) was a Hungarian Admiral and statesman and served as the Regent of Hungary from March 1, 1920 until... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... The Grand Trianon at Versailles, site of the signing The Treaty of Trianon was an agreement that regulated the situation of the new Hungarian state that replaced the Kingdom of Hungary, after World War I. It was signed on June 4, 1920, at the Petite Trianon (not at the Grand... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas. ...

First Vienna Award

Main article:First Vienna Award. The First Vienna Award was the result of the First Vienna Arbitration (November 2, 1938), which took place at Viennas Belvedere Palace on the eve of World War II. By the award, arbiters from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sought a non-violent way to enforce the revanchist territorial...

By this award, on November 2, 1938, Germany and Italy compelled Czechoslovakia to give/return southern Slovakia and southern Subcarpathia (now in Ukraine) to Hungary. November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukrainian Карпатська Русь, Karpatska Rus ) or Carpatho-Ukraine or Carpathian Ukraine is a name for a small part of Central Europe that was part of the Kingdom of Hungary (since 1526 under Habsburg rule). ...

Romania, with Northern Transylvania highlighted in yellow.

Vienna Diktat - Northern Transylvania (yellow) given to Hungary File links The following pages link to this file: Vienna Awards Northern Transylvania Categories: GFDL images | Romania maps ... Vienna Diktat - Northern Transylvania (yellow) given to Hungary File links The following pages link to this file: Vienna Awards Northern Transylvania Categories: GFDL images | Romania maps ...

Second Vienna Award

Main article:Second Vienna Award. The Second Vienna Award was the second of two Vienna Awards. ...

By this award, on August 30, 1940, Germany and Italy compelled Romania to give/return half of Transylvania (an area henceforth known as "North Transylvania") to Hungary. August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal; Hungarian: Erdély; German: Siebenbürgen; see also other languages) forms the western and central parts of Romania. ...

The Second Vienna Award was rendered on August 30, 1940. Germany and Italy compelled Romania to return half of Transylvania (an area henceforth known as "North Transylvania") to Hungary; 43,492 km² of land were thus restored to Hungary after two decades' separation. The 1930 Romanian census registered for this region a population of 2,393,300. According to native language, 1,007,200 persons spoke Hungarian, 1,165,800 Romanian, 59,700 German, 99,600 Yiddish, and 61,000 other language. According to nationality, 912,500 declared themselves Hungarian, 1,176,900 Romanian, 68,300 German, 138,800 Jewish, and 96,800 declared other nationality. In 1941 the Hungarian authorities conducted a new census which registered a total population of 2,578,100. According to native language, 1,344,000 persons spoke Hungarian, 1,068,700 Romanian, 47,300 German, 48,500 Yiddish, and 69,600 other language. According to nationality, 1,380,500 declared themselves Hungarian, 1,029,000 Romanian, 44,60 German, 47,400 Jewish, and 76,600 declared other nationality. Appart form the natural population growth, the differences between the two censuses are due to some other complex reasons, like migration and assimilation [1]. According to Hungarian registrations, 100 thousand Hungarian refugees had arrived in Hungary from South Transylvania by January 1941. Most of them sought refuge in the north, and almost as many persons arrived from Hungary in the reannexed territory as moved to the Trianon Hungary territory from South Transylvania. As a result of these migrations, North Transylvanian Hungarians increased by almost 100 thousand. In order to "compensate" for this, a great number of Romanians were obliged to leave North Transylvania. Of them, some 100 thousand had left by February 1941 according to the incomplete registration of North Transylvanian refugees carried out by the Romanian government. Besides this, a fall in the total population suggests that a further 40 to 50 thousand Romanians moved from North to South Transylvania (including refugees who were omitted from the official registration for various reasons). The Hungarian assimilation gain is made up of losses on the part of other groups of native speakers, such as the Jewish people. The changing of language was most typical among bilingual Romanians, nearly 90 thousand of whom were added to the total number of Hungarian speakers. On the other hand, in Máramaros/Maramureş and Szatmár/Satu Mare counties, in dozens of settlements many of those who had declared themselves as Romanian now identified themselves as Hungarian, even though they did not speak Hungarian at all (not did they in 1910). August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal; Hungarian: Erdély; German: Siebenbürgen; see also other languages) forms the western and central parts of Romania. ...

This decision was taken not so much to do justice, as to win Hungary for German war aims. Similarly to the Treaty of Trianon, it granted a multiethnic area to another country, caused massive migration of populations from both sides, and sundered old socioeconomic units. In August 1940, the Romanian government acceded to Italy's request for territorial cessions to Bulgaria. On September 7, under the Treaty of Craiova, the Cadrilater or "Quadrilateral" (southern Dobrudja) was ceded by Romania to Bulgaria. The Grand Trianon at Versailles, site of the signing The Treaty of Trianon was an agreement that regulated the situation of the new Hungarian state that replaced the Kingdom of Hungary, after World War I. It was signed on June 4, 1920, at the Petite Trianon (not at the Grand... Note: as an adjective (stressed on the second syllable instead of the first), august means honorable. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... The Treaty of Craiova was signed on 7 September 1940 between Romania and Bulgaria. ... Southern Dobruja (Dobrudzha in Bulgarian, Dobrogea de sud or Cadrilater in Bulgaria comprising the two former administrative districts named for its two principal cities of Dobrich and Silistra. ... Dobruja or sometimes Dobrudja (Dobrogea in Romanian, Dobrudzha in Bulgarian, Dobruca in Turkish) is the territory between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, which includes the Danube Delta and the Romanian sea-shore. ...