NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Vietnam

]] Image File history File links Flag_of_Vietnam. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Vietnam. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The flag of Vietnam, officially known as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is also known as Red flag with Yellow star. This flag was adopted as the National flag of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) on November 30, 1955. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogising the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognised either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Army March (Vietnamese language: Tiáº¿n QuÃ¢n Ca) is the national anthem of Vietnam. ... Image File history File links LocationVietnam. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Hanoi (Vietnamese: HÃ Ná»™i, HÃ¡n Tá»±: æ²³å†…) , estimated population 3,145,300 (2005), is the capital of Vietnam. ... â€œSaigonâ€ redirects here. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Socialist state. ... The President of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Chá»§ tá»‹ch nÆ°á»›c Viá»‡t Nam) is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial. ... Nguyá»…n Minh Triáº¿t (born October 8, 1942 in Báº¿n CÃ¡t district, BÃ¬nh DÆ°Æ¡ng province) is the President of Vietnam. ... The Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. ... Nguyá»…n Táº¥n DÅ©ng (born November 17, 1949 in Ca Mau province) is the prime minister of Vietnam. ... The Communist Party of Vietnam (Äáº£ng Cá»™ng sáº£n Viá»‡t Nam) is the currently ruling, as well as the only legal political party in Vietnam. ... This article or section needs to be wikified. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 kmÂ² and 10,000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/kmÂ². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... Gross domestic product (by purchasing power parity) in 2006 The purchasing power parity (PPP) theory was developed by Gustav Cassel in 1920. ... There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... Map of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita for the year 2006. ... Graphical representation of the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth distribution. ... World map of the Gini coefficient This is a list of countries or dependencies by Income inequality metrics, sorted in ascending order according to their Gini coefficient. ... World map indicating Human Development Index (2006). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Coloured world map indicating Human Development Index (2006) (colour-blind compliant map) This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Programmes Human Development Report 2006, compiled on the basis of 2004 data. ... ISO 4217 Code VND User(s) Vietnam Inflation 7. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... â€œUTCâ€ redirects here. ... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... â€œUTCâ€ redirects here. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .vn is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Vietnam. ... A telephone number is a sequence of decimal digits (0-9) that is used for identifying a destination telephone line in a telephone network. ... In typography, emphasis is the exaggeration of words in a text with a font in a different style from the rest of the textâ€”to emphasize them. ...

[[Image:lisa |250px |center |Location of Vietnam]]

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Vietnam /ˌvjetˈnɶm, ˌvi:et-, -ˈna:m/ (Vietnamese: Việt Nam) , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Cộng hòa Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, and Cambodia to the southwest. On the country's east coast lies the South China Sea. With a population of over ~87 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world. The country is listed among the "Next Eleven" economies; according to government figures, GDP growth was 8.17% in 2006, the second fastest growth rate among countries in East Asia and the fastest in Southeast Asia. For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ... Indochina 1886 Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. ... A peninsula in Croatia A peninsula is a piece of land that is bordered on three or more sides by water. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Filipino name Tagalog: Luzon Sea Portuguese name Portuguese: Mar da China Meridional Vietnamese name Vietnamese: The South China Sea is a marginal sea south of China. ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... A Map of the nations in the list. ... This article includes a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (real) growth rate, the increase in value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year -- not taking into account Purchasing power parity and taking into account the inflation. ... East Asia Geographic East Asia. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...

Etymology

Over the milleniums, Vietnam as a country has been named by many words: Văn Lang in Hùng Vương Dynasty, Âu Lạc in An Dương Vương dynasty, Vạn Xuân in Anterior Lý Dynasty, Đại Cồ Việt in Đinh dynasty and Anterior Lê Dynasty. From 1054, Vietnam was called Đại Việt (Great Viet). In Hồ Dynasty, Vietnam had the name of Đại Ngu and returned from the word of Đại Việt again. In 1804, Gia Long king planned to use the name of Nam Việt for Vietnam but Qing dynasty of China disagreed and changed it to Việt Nam. In English, two syllables were written into one: Vietnam. From 1839 to 1945, Minh Mạng king renamed Việt Nam to Đại Nam. VÄƒn Lang (Chinese: æ–‡éƒŽ) was the first nation of the ancient Vietnamese people, and existed until 258 BCE. It was ruled by the HÃ¹ng Kings. ... HÃ¹ng VÆ°Æ¡ng was the first emperor of VÄƒn Lang or Láº¡c Viá»‡t (as Vietnam was known at the time). ... The Vietnamese Thá»¥c Dynasty has only one ruler, Thá»¥c PhÃ¡n himself, last prince of Shu (state) of China, who proclaimed himself king An DÆ°Æ¡ng VÆ°Æ¡ng. ... Motto: (Independence, freedom, happiness) Anthem: Capital Hanoi Largest city Ho Chi Minh City Vietnamese Government Socialist republic1 - General Secretary - President - Prime Minister Independence From France - Declared September 2, 1945 - Recognized 1954 Area - Total 331,689 kmÂ² (65th) 128,065 sq mi - Water (%) 1. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Há»“ Dynasty was a short-lived seven-year reign of two emperors, Há»“ QuÃ½ Ly in 1400 and his second son, Há»“ HÃ¡n ThÆ°Æ¡ng, who reigned from 1400 to 1407. ... TÃ¢y SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778â€“1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802â€“1945) French Indochina (1887â€“1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945â€“1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List... Gia Long (1762-1820), born Nguyá»…n PhÃºc Ãnh, was an emperor of Annam. ... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister - 1911 Yikuang - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History - Establishment of the Late... Minh Máº¡ng (1791-1841) was the second emperor of the Nguyá»…n Dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 14 February 1820 until 20 January, 1841. ...

The word of Việt Nam had used for this country before it became the official name in "Dư địa chí" of Nguyễn Trãi written in 1435 and perhaps even the previous years. "Việt" is the name of the largest ethnic group in Vietnam: the Kinh (người Kinh) and "Nam" means the South affirming Vietnam's sovereignty from China (usually called "North country" to Vietnamese people). Nguyá»…n TrÃ£i (HÃ¡n nÃ´m é˜®å»Œ), also known under his pseudonym á»¨c Trai æŠ‘é½‹ (1380 - 1442) was a Vietnamese Confucian Scholar, politician, strategist and poet. ...

History

Main article: History of Vietnam

This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Pre-Dynastic era

The area now known as Vietnam has been inhabited since Paleolithic times, and some archaeological sites in Thanh Hoa Province is reportedly date back several thousand years. Archaeologists link the beginnings of Vietnamese civilization to the late Neolithic, Early Bronze Age, Phung-nguyen culture, which was centered in Vinh Phu Province of contemporary Vietnam from about 2000 to 1400 BCE. By about 1200 BCE, the development of wet-rice cultivation and bronze casting in the Ma River and Red River plains led to the development of the Dong Son culture, notable for its elaborate bronze drums. The bronze weapons, tools, and drums of Dongsonian sites show a Southeast Asian influence that indicates an indigenous origin for the bronze-casting technology. Many small, ancient copper mine sites have been found in northern Vietnam. Some of the similarities between the Dong Sonian sites and other Southeast Asian sites include the presence of boat-shaped coffins and burial jars, stilt dwellings, and evidence of the customs of betel-nut-chewing and teeth-blackening. // The Paleolithic is a prehistoric era distinguished by the development of stone tools. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. ... The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use) consisted of techniques for smelting copper and tin from naturally occurring outcroppings of ore, and then alloying those metals in order to cast bronze. ... â€œBCEâ€ redirects here. ... â€œBCEâ€ redirects here. ... For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). ... The Ma River is a river in Asia, originating in northern Vietnam it travels 400 km through Vietnam, Laos and back through Vietnam, meeting the sea at the Gulf of Tonkin. ... Flowing from China through Vietnam to the South China Sea, the Red River (Vietnamese Sông Hồng, Chinese Hónghé) is also known as the Yuan Jiang (元江, pinyin yuan2jiang1), which means Primary River. ... Dong Son is a small village in Thanhhoa province Vietnam. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... Chuquicamata, the second largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ...

The legendary Hồng Bàng Dynasty of the Hùng kings is considered by many Vietnamese as the first Vietnamese state, known as Văn Lang. In 257 BCE, the last Hùng king gives up Thục Phán and he consolidated the Lạc Việt tribes with his Âu Việt tribes, forming Âu Lạc and proclaiming himself An Dương Vương. In 207 BCE, a Chinese general named Zhao Tuo defeated An Dương Vương and consolidated Âu Lạc into Nanyue. In 111 BCE, the Chinese Han Dynasty consolidated Nanyue into their empire. TÃ¢y SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778â€“1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802â€“1945) French Indochina (1887â€“1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) Indochina Wars (1945â€“1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List of Vietnamese monarchs The H... HÃ¹ng VÆ°Æ¡ng was the first emperor of VÄƒn Lang or Láº¡c Viá»‡t (as Vietnam was known at the time). ... (Redirected from 257 BCE) Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC - 250s BC - 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC Years: 262 BC 261 BC 260 BC 259 BC 258 BC - 257 BC... The Vietnamese Thá»¥c Dynasty has only one ruler, Thá»¥c PhÃ¡n himself, last prince of Shu (state) of China, who proclaimed himself king An DÆ°Æ¡ng VÆ°Æ¡ng. ... (Redirected from 207 BCE) Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC - 200s BC - 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC Years: 212 BC 211 BC 210 BC 209 BC 208 BC - 207 BC... Zhao Tuo (Traditional Chinese: è¶™ä½—; pinyin: ZhÃ o TuÅ) or Triá»‡u ÄÃ in Vietnamese, was a Chinese commanding general of the Qin dynasty who later founded the kingdom of Nanyue, or Nam Viá»‡t (å—è¶Š). He was also the founder of the Zhao Dynasty (Trieu Dynasty) of Nanyue. ... TÃ¢y SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778â€“1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802â€“1945) Union of Indochina (1887â€“1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945â€“1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976... (Redirected from 111 BCE) Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC - 110s BC - 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC Years: 116 BC 115 BC 114 BC 113 BC 112 BC - 111 BC... Han Dynasty in 87 BC Capital Changan (202 BCâ€“9 AD) Luoyang (25 ADâ€“190 AD) Language(s) Chinese Religion Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy History - Establishment 206 BC - Battle of Gaixia; Han rule of China begins 202 BC - Interruption of Han rule 9 - 24 - Abdication to Cao Wei 220...

For the next thousand years, Vietnam was mostly under Chinese rule. Early independence movements such as those of the Trưng Sisters and of Lady Triệu were only briefly successful. It was independent as Vạn Xuân under the Anterior Ly Dynasty between 544 and 602. By the early 10th century, Vietnam had gained autonomy, but not independence, under the Khúc family. TÃ¢y SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778â€“1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802â€“1945) French Indochina (1887â€“1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945â€“1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List... Image:Trieuau3. ... Events Belisarius is sent back to Italy to once more fight the Ostrogoths who have been making reconquests in the area. ... Events Phocas kills Byzantine Emperor Maurice I and makes himself emperor Beginning of a series of wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanids Births Muawiyah, founder of the Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs (approximate date) Xuanzang, famous Chinese Buddhist monk. ...

Dynastic era

Battle of Bach Dang river. Silk painting by Năng Hiển.

In 938 CE, a Vietnamese lord named Ngô Quyền defeated Chinese forces at the Bạch Đằng River and gained independence after 10 centuries under Chinese control. Renamed as Đại Việt, the nation went through a golden era during the Lý and Trần Dynasties. During the rule of the Trần Dynasty, Đại Việt repelled three Mongol invasions of Vietnam. Following the brief Hồ Dynasty, Vietnamese independence was momentarily interrupted by the Chinese Ming Dynasty, but was restored by Lê Lợi, the founder of the Lê Dynasty. Feudalism in Vietnam reached its zenith in the Lê Dynasty of the 15th century, especially during the reign of Emperor Lê Thánh Tông. Between the 11th and 18th centuries, the Vietnamese expanded southward in a process known as nam tiến (southward expansion). They eventually conquered the kingdom of Champa and part of the Khmer Empire. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (968x464, 82 KB) Silk painting. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (968x464, 82 KB) Silk painting. ... â€œBCEâ€ redirects here. ... Ngo Quyen (897?- 944), was prefect, under Chinese domination, of Giao Chau province in the valley of the Red River in what is now northern Vietnam. ... At the Battle of Bach Dang river in 938 the Vietnamese forces, led by Ngo Quyen, defeated the Chinese invaders and put an end to Chinese imperial domination of the Vietnamese. ... The LÃ½ Dynasty (Vietnamese: nhÃ LÃ½, pronounced like Lee), sometimes known as the Posterior LÃ½ Dynasty (nhÃ Háºu LÃ½), was a Vietnamese dynasty that began in 1009 when LÃ½ ThÃ¡i Tá»• overthrew the Anterior LÃª Dynasty (nhÃ Tiá»n LÃª) and ended in 1225 when the queen L... The Tráº§n Dynasty (é™³æœ Tráº§n Triá»u; or vernacularly NhÃ Tráº§n, meaning the Tráº§n Family) was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as Äáº¡i Viá»‡t) from 1225 to 1400. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Há»“ Dynasty was a short-lived seven-year reign of two emperors, Há»“ QuÃ½ Ly in 1400 and his second son, Há»“ HÃ¡n ThÆ°Æ¡ng, who reigned from 1400 to 1407. ... For other uses, see Ming. ... LÃª Lá»£i (1384? - 1433). ... The Later LÃª Dynasty (Vietnamese: NhÃ Háºu LÃª, Sino-Vietnamese: å¾Œé»Žæœ), sometimes referred to as the LÃª Dynasty (the earlier LÃª Dynasty ruled only for a brief period) was the longest-ruling dynasty of Vietnam, ruling the country from 1428 to 1788, with a brief interruption. ... Roland pledges his fealty to Charlemagne; from a manuscript of a chanson de geste. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Le Thanh Tong (1442â€“1497) was king of Vietnam from 1460 till his death from old age. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... South East Asia circa 1100 C.E. Champa territory in green. ... Map of Asia and Europe circa 1200 C.E. and the golden age of Khmer Empire. ...

Towards the end of the Lê Dynasty, civil strife engulfed much of Vietnam. First, the Chinese-supported Mạc Dynasty challenged the Lê Dynasty's power. After the Mạc Dynasty was defeated, the Lê Dynasty was reinstalled, but with no actual power. Power was divided between the Trịnh Lords in the North and the Nguyễn Lords in the South, who engaged in a civil war for more than a hundred years. During this time, the Nguyễn expanded southern Vietnam into the Mekong Delta, annexing the Champa in the central highlands and the Khmer land in the Mekong. The civil war ended when the Tây Sơn brothers defeated both and established their new dynasty. However, their rule did not last long and they were defeated by the remnants of the Nguyễn Lords led by Nguyen Anh with the help of the French. Nguyen Anh unified Vietnam, and established the Nguyễn Dynasty, ruling under the name Gia Long. The Máº¡c Dynasty. ... Trá»‹nh Lords (1553-1789) A series of rulers of Vietnam who controlled the powers of government while leaving a figurehead as king. ... The Nguyá»…n Lords (1558 - 1775) were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam. ... Trá»‹nh-Nguyen War (1627 - 1673) - A long war waged between the two ruling families in Vietnam. ... Mekong River Delta from space, February 1996 Mekong Delta, February 2005. ... South East Asia circa 1100 C.E. Champa territory in green. ... Tay Son Dynasty Origin of the Tay Son The name of Tay Son is used in many ways referring back to the period of peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasty established between the eras of the Le and Nguyen dynasties. ... Gia Long (1762-1820), born Nguyá»…n PhÃºc Ãnh, was an emperor of Annam. ... TÃ¢y SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778â€“1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802â€“1945) French Indochina (1887â€“1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945â€“1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List...

Western Colonial era

Main articles: Sino-French War, Union of Indochina, and Empire of Vietnam

Vietnam's independence ended in the mid-1800s, when the country was colonized by the French. The French administration imposed significant political and cultural changes on Vietnamese society. A Western-style system of modern education was developed, and Christianity was introduced into Vietnamese society. Developing a plantation economy to promote the exports of tobacco, indigo, tea and coffee, the French largely ignored increasing calls for self-government and civil rights. A nationalist political movement soon emerged, with leaders such as Phan Boi Chau, Phan Chu Trinh, Emperor Ham Nghi and Ho Chi Minh calling for independence. However, the French maintained control of their colonies until World War II, when the Japanese war in the Pacific triggered the invasion of French Indochina in 1941. This event was preceded by the establishment of the Vichy French administration, a puppet state of Nazi Germany then ally of the Japanese Empire. The natural resources of Vietnam were exploited for the purposes of the Japanese Empire's military campaigns into the British Indochinese colonies of Burma, the Malay Peninsula and India. Combatants France Qing Dynasty Black Flag Army Annam Strength 15,000 to 20,000 soldiers (including Spanish and Filipino volunteers) 25,000 to 35,000 soldiers (from the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang and Yunnan) Casualties 2,100 killed or wounded 10,000 killed or wounded The 1884 Battle... French Indochina was a federation of French colonies and protectorates in Southeast Asia, part of the French colonial empire. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... // Invention of the Jacquard loom in 1801. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is... A plantation economy is an economy which is based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few staple products grown on large farms called plantations. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... Indigo dye indigo molecule Indigo dye is an important dyestuff with a distinctive blue color (see indigo). ... For other uses, see Tea (disambiguation). ... For the several U.S. counties named Coffee, see Coffee County. ... Phan Bá»™i ChÃ¢u (Chá»¯ nÃ´m æ½˜ä½©ç 1867-1940) was a pioneer of Vietnamese twentieth century nationalism. ... Phan Chu Trinh (His name has no tones, this is a correct spelling) also known as Phan ChÃ¢u Trinh (1872 - 1926) was a famous early 20th century Vietnamese nationalist. ... Emperor HÃ m Nghi Emperor HÃ m Nghi (å’¸å®œå¸) was the 8th Emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyá»…n Dynasty. ... For the city named after him, see Ho Chi Minh City. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other uses, see Pacific War (disambiguation). ... Flag Capital Hanoi Language(s) French Political structure Federation Historical era New Imperialism - Established 1887 - Addition of Laos 1893 - Vietnam Declaration of Independence September 2, 1945 - Independence of Laos July 19, 1949 - Independence of Cambodia November 9, 1953 - Disestablished 1954 Area - 1945 750,000 km2 289,577 sq mi Currency... Motto Travail, famille, patrie French: Unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Capital-in-exile Sigmaringen (1944-1945) Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Government Dictatorship Chief of state - 1940 â€” 1944 Philippe PÃ©tain President of the Council - 1940 â€” 1942 Philippe PÃ©tain - 1942 â€” 1944 Pierre Laval... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Akihito of Japan The Emperor of Japan (天皇, tennō) is Japans titular head of state and the head of the Japanese imperial family. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ...

First Indochina War

Main articles: First Indochina War, Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and State of Vietnam

In 1941, Viet Minh - a communist and nationalist liberation movement emerged under Ho Chi Minh, to seek independence for Vietnam from France as well as to oppose the Japanese occupation. Following the military defeat of Japan and the fall of its Vietnamese colony in August 1945, Viet Minh occupied Hanoi and proclaimed a provisional government, which asserted independence on September 2.^[1] In the same year the Provisional French Republic sent the French Far East Expeditionary Corps, which was originally created to fight the Japanese occupation forces, in order to pacify the liberation movement and to restore French rule. On November 20 1946, triggered by the Haiphong Incident the First Indochina War between Viet Minh and the French forces ensued, lasting until July 20 1954. Combatants French Union France State of Vietnam Cambodia Laos Viet Minh Commanders French Expeditionary Corps Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (1945-46) Jean-Ã‰tienne Valluy (1946-8) Roger Blaizot (1948-9) Marcel-Maurice Carpentier (1949-50) Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (1950-51) Raoul Salan (1952-3) Henri Navarre (1953-4... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was founded by Ho Chi Minh and was recognized by China and the USSR in 1950. ... Motto: None Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon First Chief Emperor Bao Dai Last Chief Ngo Dinh Diem Rule Area South Vietnam (1954-) Independence - Provisional - Declared - Recognised - Dissolved From Franch rule May 27, 1948 June 14, 1949 1954 October 26, 1955 Currency Piastre National anthem Call to the Citizens Caution: The... For the city named after him, see Ho Chi Minh City. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Flag Capital Paris Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Political structure Provisional government Chairman - 1944-1946 Charles de Gaulle - 1946 FÃ©lix Gouin (SFIO) - 1946 Georges Bidault (MRP) - 1946-1947 LÃ©on Blum (SFIO) Legislature National Assembly Historical era Cold War - Established August, 1944 - Disestablished October 14, 1946 Currency French... The French Far East Expeditionary Corps (French: ) was an expeditionary force of the French Army that fought in the First Indochina War. ... Combatants French Union France State of Vietnam Cambodia Laos Viet Minh Commanders French Expeditionary Corps Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (1945-46) Jean-Ã‰tienne Valluy (1946-8) Roger Blaizot (1948-9) Marcel-Maurice Carpentier (1949-50) Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (1950-51) Raoul Salan (1952-3) Henri Navarre (1953-4...

Despite fewer losses—Expeditionary Corps suffered 1/3 the casualties of the China and Soviet-backed Viet Minh—during the course of the war, the U.S.-backed French and Vietnamese loyalists eventually suffered a major strategic setback at the Siege of Dien Bien Phu, which allowed Ho Chi Minh to negotiate a ceasefire with a favorable position at the ongoing Geneva conference of 1954. Colonial administration ended as French Indochina was dissolved, and the contested State of Vietnam ceased to exist. According to the Geneva Agreements the country was divided at the 17th parallel into Ho Chi Minh's North Vietnam and Ngo Dinh Diem's South Vietnam after the example of Korea. This was intended to be temporary, pending an election in 1956, which never took place. The Vietnamese National Army or Vietnam National Army (Vietnamese: QuÃ¢n Ä‘á»™i Quá»‘c gia Viá»‡t Nam, National Army of Vietnam) was the State of Vietnams military force created in 1950 at the instigation of French General de Lattre. ... Combatants French Union France State of Vietnam Hmong mercenaries Viet Minh Commanders Christian de Castries # Pierre Langlais # RenÃ© Cogny Vo Nguyen Giap Strength As of March 13: 10,800[1] As of March 13: 48,000 combat personnel, 15,000 logistical support personnel[2] Casualties 2,293 dead, 5,195... The Geneva Conference (April 26 - July 21, 1954) was a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Korea. ... Motto: None Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon First Chief Emperor Bao Dai Last Chief Ngo Dinh Diem Rule Area South Vietnam (1954-) Independence - Provisional - Declared - Recognised - Dissolved From Franch rule May 27, 1948 June 14, 1949 1954 October 26, 1955 Currency Piastre National anthem Call to the Citizens Caution: The... The Geneva Conference (April 26 - July 21, 1954) was a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Korea. ... The Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone was established as a dividing line between North and South Vietnam as a result of the First Indochina War. ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Viá»‡t Nam DÃ¢n Chá»§ Cá»™ng HÃ²a), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, September 2nd1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the... Â«ngoh dihn zih-ehmÂ» (January 3, 1901 â€“ November 2, 1963) was the first President of South Vietnam (1955â€“1963). ... Anthem Thanh niÃªn HÃ nh KhÃºc (Call to the Citizens) Capital Saigon Language(s) Vietnamese Government Republic Last PresidentÂ¹ Duong Van Minh Last Prime minister Vu Van Mau Historical era Cold War - Regime change June 14, 1955 - Dissolution April 30, 1975 Area - 1973 173,809 kmÂ² 67,108... This article is about the Korean peninsula and civilization. ...

Vietnam War

Main articles: Vietnam War, North Vietnam, and South Vietnam

The Communist-held Democratic Republic of Vietnam was opposed by the US-supported Republic of Vietnam. Disagreements soon emerged over the organizing of elections and reunification, and the U.S. began increasing its contribution of military advisers. U.S. forces were soon embroiled in a guerrilla war with the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF), the insurgents who were indigenous to South Vietnam. North Vietnamese forces unsuccessfully attempted to overrun the South during the 1968 Tet Offensive and the war soon spread into neighboring Laos and Cambodia, in both of which the United States bombed Communist forces supplying the North Vietnamese Army. Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Viá»‡t Nam DÃ¢n Chá»§ Cá»™ng HÃ²a), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, September 2nd1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the... Anthem Thanh niÃªn HÃ nh KhÃºc (Call to the Citizens) Capital Saigon Language(s) Vietnamese Government Republic Last PresidentÂ¹ Duong Van Minh Last Prime minister Vu Van Mau Historical era Cold War - Regime change June 14, 1955 - Dissolution April 30, 1975 Area - 1973 173,809 kmÂ² 67,108... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Viá»‡t Nam DÃ¢n Chá»§ Cá»™ng HÃ²a), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, September 2nd1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Anthem Thanh niÃªn HÃ nh KhÃºc (Call to the Citizens) Capital Saigon Language(s) Vietnamese Government Republic Last PresidentÂ¹ Duong Van Minh Last Prime minister Vu Van Mau Historical era Cold War - Regime change June 14, 1955 - Dissolution April 30, 1975 Area - 1973 173,809 kmÂ² 67,108... Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam, United States, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Australia National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam, Democratic Republic of Vietnam Commanders William C. Westmoreland VÃµ NguyÃªn GiÃ¡p Strength 1. ...

With its own casualties mounting, the U.S. began transferring combat roles to the South Vietnamese military in a process the U.S. called Vietnamization. The effort had mixed results. The Paris Peace Accords of January 27, 1973, formally recognized the sovereignty of both sides. Under the terms of the accords all American combat troops were withdrawn by March 29, 1973. Limited fighting continued, but all major fighting ended until the North once again sent troops to the South on April 30, 1975, following the collapse of the South Vietnamese government. South Vietnam briefly became the Republic of South Vietnam, under military occupation by North Vietnam, before being officially integrated with the North under communist rule as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976. The Paris Peace Accords were signed in 1973 by the governments of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV or North Vietnam), the Republic of Vietnam (RVN or South Vietnam), and the United States, as well as the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) that represented indigenous South Vietnamese revolutionaries. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of the Republic of South Vietnam. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Postwar

Upon taking control, the Vietnamese communists banned all other political parties, arrested public servants and military personnel of the Republic of Vietnam and sent them to reeducation camps. The government also embarked on a mass campaign of collectivization of farms and factories. Reconstruction of the war-ravaged country was slow, and serious humanitarian and economic problems confronted the communist regime. Millions of people fled the country in crudely-built boats, creating an international humanitarian crisis.^[2]^[3] In 1978, the Vietnamese Army invaded Cambodia (sparking the Cambodian-Vietnamese War) to remove the Khmer Rouge from power. This action worsened relations with China, which launched a brief incursion into northern Vietnam (the Sino-Vietnamese War) in 1979. This conflict caused Vietnam to rely even more heavily on Soviet economic and military aid. Reeducation camp (tráº¡i há»c táºp cáº£i táº¡o) is the official name given to the prison camps operated by the government of Vietnam following the end of the Vietnam War. ... Collective farming is an organizational unit in agriculture in which peasants are not paid wages, but rather receive a share of the farms net output. ... This article is about asylum seekers travelling by boat, and also about films concerning them. ... Combatants Socialist Republic of Vietnam Democratic Kampuchea Commanders VÄƒn Tiáº¿n DÅ©ng Pol Pot Strength 150,000+ Vietnamese troops, supported by around 20,000 KNUFNS 70,000+ Casualties 30,000? 30,000? The Cambodian-Vietnamese War, also known as Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia (Vietnamese: Chiáº¿n dá»‹ch... Flag of Democratic Kampuchea Photos of genocide victims on display at the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum The Khmer Rouge (Khmer: ) was the ruling political party of Cambodia -- which it renamed to Democratic Kampuchea -- from 1975 to 1979. ... Combatants Peoples Republic of China Socialist Republic of Vietnam Commanders Yang Dezhi VÄƒn Tiáº¿n DÅ©ng Strength 300,000+[1] 100,000+ from regular army divisions and divisions of the Public Security Army Casualties Disputed. ...

Đổi Mới (New Age)

In a historic shift in 1986, the Communist Party of Vietnam implemented free-market reforms known as Đổi Mới (New Age). With the authority of the state remaining unchallenged, private ownership of farms and companies, deregulation and foreign investment were encouraged. The economy of Vietnam has achieved rapid growth in agricultural and industrial production, construction and housing, exports, and foreign investment. It is now one of the fastest growing economies in the world. See Economy section for more detail. Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... A free market is a market where the prices of goods and services is arranged completely by the mutual non-coerced consent of sellers and buyers, determined generally by the supply and demand law with no government interference in the regulation of costs, supply and demand. ... Doi moi is the name given to the economic reforms initiated by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the mid-1980s. ... This article only contains information on the economy of Vietnam after the year 1986; contributions dealing with the pre-1986 period are welcome. ...

Government and politics

Main article: Politics of Vietnam

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a single-party state. A new state constitution was approved in April 1992, replacing the 1975 version. The central role of the Communist Party was reasserted in all organs of government, politics and society. Only political organizations affiliated with or endorsed by the Communist Party are permitted to contest elections. These include the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, workers and trade unionist parties. Although the state remains officially committed to socialism as its defining creed, the ideology's importance has substantially diminished since the 1990s. The President of Vietnam is the titular head of state and the nominal commander in chief of the military of Vietnam, chairing the Council on National Defense and Security. The Prime Minister of Vietnam Nguyen Tan Dung is the head of government, presiding over a council of ministers composed of 3 deputy prime ministers and the heads of 26 ministries and commissions. Politics of Vietnam takes place in a framework of a single-party socialist republic. ... States in which the constitution mandates power to a sole party are colored brown. ... The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the current constitution of Vietnam, adopted in 1992. ... 1992 was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... The Vietnamese Fatherland Front (Vietnamese: Mặt Trận Tổ Quốc Việt Nam) is an umbrella group of pro-government mass movements in Vietnam, and has close links to the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese government. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subjfuck grapesect to control by the community[1] for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. ... The President of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Chá»§ tá»‹ch nÆ°á»›c Viá»‡t Nam) is the head of state of Vietnam, although the functions of the President are often ceremonial. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... A Commander-in-Chief is the commander of a nations military forces or significant element of those forces. ... knulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din mammaknulla din... The Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of the executive branch of the Vietnamese government. ... Nguyen Tan Dung (Nguyá»…n Táº¥n DÅ©ng) was First Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam from 29 September 1997 to May 2006 . ... The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... The Council of the European Union forms, along with the European Parliament, the legislative arm of the European Union (EU). ...

The National Assembly of Vietnam is the unicameral legislature of the government, composed of 498 members. It is superior to both the executive and judicial branches. All members of the council of ministers are derived from the National Assembly. The Supreme People's Court of Vietnam, which is the highest court of appeal in the nation, is also answerable to the National Assembly. Beneath the Supreme People's Court stand the provincial municipal courts and the local courts. Military courts are also a powerful branch of the judiciary with special jurisdiction in matters of national security. All organs of Vietnam's government are controlled by the Communist Party. Most government appointees are members of the party. The General Secretary of the Communist Party is perhaps one of the most important political leaders in the nation, controlling the party's national organization and state appointments, as well as setting policy. The constitution recognizes the National Assembly of Vietnam as â€œthe highest organ of state power. ... Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... The Supreme Peoples Court of Vietnam is the highest court and the Court of Appeal in Vietnam. ... Court of Appeals is the title of certain appellate courts in various jurisdictions. ... Provincial Municipal Courts of Vietnam are lower level courts in Vietnams judicial system. ... Local Courts of Vietnam or Peoples Courts deal with legal issues at the district precinct levels. ... Military Courts of Vietnam deals with criminal matters within the military of Vietnam. ...

The Vietnam People's Army is the official name for the three military services of Vietnam, which is organized along the lines of China's People's Liberation Army. The VPA is further subdivided into the Vietnamese People's Ground Forces (including Strategic Rear Forces and Border Defense Forces), the Vietnam People's Navy, the Vietnam People's Air Force and the coast guard. Through Vietnam's recent history, the VPA has actively been involved in Vietnam's workforce to develop the economy of Vietnam, in order to coordinate national defense and the economy. The VPA is involved in such areas as industry, agriculture, forestry, fishery and telecommunications. The total strength of the VPA is close to 500,000 soldiers. The government also organizes and maintains provincial militias and police forces. The role of the military in public life has steadily weakened since the 1980s. 40th anniversary of Vietnam Peoples Army, commemorated on 1984 Vietnam postage stamp block The Vietnam Peoples Army (VPA) (Vietnamese: ) is official name for the armed forces of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. ... For other uses, see Peoples Liberation Army (disambiguation) The Chinese Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is the military of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... The Vietnam Peoples Navy (or, commonly, Vietnamese Navy) is part of the Vietnam Peoples Armed Forces and is responsible for the protection of national waters, islands, and interests of the maritime economy, as well as for the coordination of maritime police, customs service and the border defense force. ... Vietnamese Air force or KhÃ´ng QuÃ¢n NhÃ¢n DÃ¢n Viá»‡t Nam is the air force of Vietnam. ... A coast guard is a national organization responsible for various services at sea. ...

Geography and climate

Main article: Geography of Vietnam

Vietnam extends approximately 331,688 km² (128,066 sq mi) in area(not included Hoang Sa and Truong Sa islands). The area of the country running along its international boundaries is 4,639 km (2,883 mi). The topography consists of hills and densely forested mountains, with level land covering no more than 20%. Mountains account for 40% of the area, with smaller hills accounting for 40% and tropical forests 42%. The northern part of the country consists mostly of highlands and the

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