The Grand Courtyard of Vilnius University and the Church of St. John.; drawing circa 1850.

The Grand Courtyard of Vilnius University and the Church of St. John today.

A bronze door at the Vilnius University library commemorates the first Lithuanian book.

Vilnius University (Lithuanian: Vilniaus Universitetas), formerly known as Vilnius State University, earlier - Stefan Batory University and before that Almae Academia et Universitas Vilnensis Societatis Jesu), is one of the oldest universities in Eastern Europe and the largest university in Lithuania. The date of establishment or date of founding of an institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... A Chancellor is the head of a university. ... A faculty is a division within a university. ... In some educational systems, undergraduate education is post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelors degree. ... Degree ceremony at Cambridge. ... Location Ethnographic region Aukštaitija County Vilnius County Municipality Geographic coordinate system Number of elderates 20 General Information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population About 600,000 in 2006 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Not to be confused with Vilnius city... The Nobel Prizes (pronounced no-BELL or no-bell) are awarded annually to people who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that is hosted on a Web server, usually accessible via the Internet or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML, that is almost always accessible... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (500x638, 62 KB) Great Courtyard is the biggest yard in the historical Vilnius University. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (500x638, 62 KB) Great Courtyard is the biggest yard in the historical Vilnius University. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (900x597, 214 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (900x597, 214 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (600x902, 285 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (600x902, 285 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For other persons of the same name, see Báthory. ... Map of medieval European universities This is a list of the oldest extant universities in the world. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ...

History

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

In 1568, the local nobility (szlachta) asked the Jesuits to open an academy either in Vilnius (Wilno) or Kaunas. The following year Walerian Protasiewicz, the bishop of Vilnius, purchased several houses in the city centre and started the Vilnian Academy (Almae Academia et Universitas Vilnensis Societatis Jesu). Initially, the Academy had three divisions: humanities, philosophy, and theology. The first students enrolled in the Academy in 1570. A university library was established in the same year; its books were mostly donated by the founder. Early Lithuanian rulers held the title of didysis kunigaikštis (did-ee-sis kunigaik-sh-tis) (literally great duke), which was equivalent to either grand duke or king. High nobles hold a title of kunigaikštis (duke). ... Nobility is a traditional hereditary status (see hereditary titles) that exists today in many countries (mainly present or former monarchies). ... StanisÅ‚aw Antoni Szczuka, a Polish nobleman Szlachta ( ) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the two countries that later jointly formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Vilnius County Municipality Geographic coordinate system Number of elderates 20 General Information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population About 600,000 in 2006 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Not to be confused with Vilnius city... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Kaunas County Municipality Kaunas city municipality Coordinates Number of elderates 11 General Information Capital of Kaunas County Kaunas city municipality Kaunas district municipality Population 361,274 in 2005 (2nd) First mentioned 1361 Granted city rights 1408 Kaunas ( (help· info), approximate English transcription [ˈkəʊ.n... Bishops of Vilnius (Vilna, Wilno) diocese from 1388 and archdiocese (archdiocese of Vilnius) from 1925: This article incorporates text translated from the corresponding Polish Wikipedia article as of 23 December 2006. ... In medieval universities, the trivium comprised the three subjects taught first: grammar, logic, and rhetoric. ... The philosopher Socrates about to take poison hemlock as ordered by the court. ... Theology finds its scholars pursuing the understanding of and providing reasoned discourse of religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ...

On April 1, 1579, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland Stefan Batory, as a revard of his recognition as a Grand Duke of Lithuania instead of Holy Roman Empire emperor Maximilian II, upgraded the academy and granted it equal rights with the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, creating the Almae Academia et Universitas Vilnensis Societatis Jesu. His edict was approved by Pope Gregory XIII's bull of October 30, 1579. The first rector of the Academy was Piotr Skarga. He invited many notable scientists from all over Europe and expanded the library, with the sponsorship of many notable persons: Sigismund II Augustus of Poland, Bishop Walerian Protasewicz, and the Marshal of the Crown, Kazimierz Lew Sapieha. is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 6 - The Union of Atrecht united the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and Pogoń in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštyst... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... For other persons of the same name, see Báthory. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... Maximilian II can refer to: Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1527-1576) Maximilian II von und zu Liechtenstein (1641-1709) Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria (1662-1726) Maximilian II of Bavaria (1811-1864) Maximilian Egon II von Fürstenberg (1863-1941) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid... Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet JagielloÅ„ski, often shortened to UJ) is located in Krakow, Poland, and has been ranked by the Times Higher Education Supplement as the best Polish university. ... Motto: Ex navicula navis (From a boat, a ship) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lesser Poland Powiat city county Gmina Kraków City Rights June 5th, 1257 Government  - Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area  - City 326. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The Pope (from Latin... Pope Gregory XIII (1502-1585) Gregory XIII, né Ugo Buoncampagno (January 7, 1502 – April 10, 1585) was pope (1572 – 1585). ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... Events January 6 - The Union of Atrecht united the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain. ... The word rector (ruler, from the Latin regere) has a number of different meanings, but all of them indicate someone who is in charge of something. ... Skargas Sermon, by Jan Matejko, 1862, oil on canvas, 224 x 397 cm. ... Reign From April 1, 1548 until July 6, 1572 Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Zygmunt I Stary Bona Sforza Consorts Elżbieta Habsburzanka Barbara Radziwiłł Katarzyna Austriaczka Barbara Giżycka Children with Barbara Gi&#380... MarszaÅ‚ek (Lithuanian: , English: ) was one of the highest officials in the Polish royal court since the 13th century. ...

In 1575, Duke Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł and Elżbieta Ogińska sponsored a printing house for the academy, one of the first in the region. The printing house issued books in Latin and Polish where the first surviving book in Lithuanian printed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was printed in 1595. It was entitled Kathechismas, arba Mokslas kiekvienam krikščioniui privalus, and was authored by Mikalojus Daukša. Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents Karol StanisÅ‚aw RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Anna Katarzyna Sanguszko Consorts none Children none Date of Birth August 14, 1695 Place of Birth BiaÅ‚a Date of Death June 2, 1715 Place of Death  ? Prince MikoÅ‚aj Krzysztof RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ (1695-1715) was a Polish... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Å»amojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ... Mikalojus DaukÅ¡a (Polish: ) (b. ...

The Academy's growth lasted until the 17th century. The following era, known as The Deluge, led to a dramatic drop in both the number of students that enrolled and in the quality of its programs. In the middle of the 18th century, educational authorities tried to restore the Academy. This led to the foundation of the first observatory in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, (the fourth such professional facility in Europe), in 1753, by Tomasz Żebrowski. The Commission of National Education (Komisja Edukacji Narodowej), the world's first ministry of education, took control of the Academy in 1773, and transformed it into a modern University. Thanks to the Rector of the Academy, Marcin Poczobutt-Odlanicki, the Academy was granted the status of Principal School (Szkoła Główna) in 1783. The Commission, the secular authority governing the academy after the dissolution of the Jesuit order, drew up a new statute. The school was named Academia et Universitas Vilnensis. MolÄ—tai Astronomical Observatory An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial and/or celestial events. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Komisja Edukacji Narodowej (KEN, Polish for Commission of National Education) was the central educational authority in Poland, created by the Sejm and king Stanisław August Poniatowski on October 14, 1773. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... The word rector (ruler, from the Latin regere) has a number of different meanings, but all of them indicate someone who is in charge of something. ... See also Poczobutt crater Categories: Mathematician stub | 1728 births | 1810 deaths | Polish astronomers | Polish mathematicians ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ...

Partitions

The Vilnius University campus in the 19th century.

After the Partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Vilnius (Wilno) was annexed by the Russian Empire. However, the Commission of National Education retained control over the Academy until 1803, when Tsar Alexander I of Russia accepted the new statute and renamed the Academy to The Imperial University of Vilna (Императорскiй Виленскiй Университетъ). The institution was granted the rights to the administration of all educational facilities in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Among the notable personae were the curator (governor) Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, and Rector Jan Śniadecki. University of Wilno, from the Polish wiki 19th century image. ... University of Wilno, from the Polish wiki 19th century image. ... The Partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Lietuvos-Lenkijos padalijimai, Belarusian: Падзелы Рэчы Паспалітай) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Vilnius County Municipality Geographic coordinate system Number of elderates 20 General Information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population About 600,000 in 2006 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Not to be confused with Vilnius city... Anthem God Save the Tsar! The Russian Empire in 1914 Capital Moscow Language(s) Russian Religion Russian Orthodoxy Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1721–1725 Peter the Great  - 1894–1917 Nicholas II History  - Accession of Peter I May 7, 1682 NS, April 27, 1682 OS²  - Empire proclaimed October 22, 1721 NS, October... Aleksandr I Pavlovich (Russian: Александр I Павлович) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825?), was Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801-1 December 1825 and Ruler of Poland from 1815–1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland. ... The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Å»amojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ... Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, in English: Adam George Czartoryski (January 14, 1770 — July 15, 1861), Polish szlachcic, statesman and author, son of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and Izabela Fleming (it is rumoured he was a fruit of her liaison with Russian ambassador to Poland Nikolai Repnin[1]). He was known... Jan Åšniadecki Jan Åšniadecki (August 28, 1756 in Å»nin - November 9, 1830 in Jaszuny near Wilno), greatest Polish mathematician, philosopher and astronomer at the turn of the 18th century. ...

The University flourished. By 1823, it was one of the largest in Europe; the number of students exceeded that of the Oxford University. A number of students were arrested in 1823 for conspiracy against the Tsar (membership in Filomaci). Among them was Adam Mickiewicz, who later became one of the most important poets of his time. In 1832, after the November Uprising, the University was closed by Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... In a political sense, conspiracy refers to a group of persons united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power. ... Adam Mickiewicz. ... Coat-of-arms of the November Uprising. ... Nicholas I (Russian: Николай I Павлович, Nikolai I Pavlovich), July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (18 February Old Style), 1855), was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. ...

...and in the 21st century

Two of the faculties were turned into separate schools: the Medical and Surgical Academy (Akademia Medyko-Chirurgiczna) and the Roman Catholic Academy (Rzymsko-Katolicka Akademia Duchowna), but those were soon banned as well. The repression that followed the failed uprising included banning both the Polish and Lithuanian languages, and all education in those languages was halted. Finally, most of the property of the University was confiscated and sent to Russia (mostly to St. Petersburg). Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 153 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 153 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Lithuanian is the official language of Lithuania, spoken by about 4 million native speakers (Lithuanians). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and...

After 1919

After the Republic of Central Lithuania area was annexed by Poland, the Vilnian Academy was renamed Stefan Batory University (Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego) on August 20, 1919, by the act of Józef Piłsudski. The University quickly recovered and gained international prestige, largely because of the presence of notable scientists such as Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Marian Zdziechowski, and Henryk Niewodniczański. Among the students of the University at that time was future Nobel prize winner Czesław Miłosz. The University grew quickly, thanks to government grants and private donations. Map of the region, with so called Republic of Central Lithuania marked in Green The Republic of Central Lithuania or Middle Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Polish: , Belarusian: ), or simply Central Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Polish: , Belarusian: ), was a puppet state[1] created in 1920 after the staged rebellion of soldiers of the 1st Lithuanian... For other persons of the same name, see Báthory. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Office Chief of State, Marshal of Poland Term of office from November 14, 1918 until December 9, 1922 Profession Statesman Political party none (see Sanacja for details), formerly PPS Spouse Maria PiÅ‚sudska Aleksandra PiÅ‚sudska Date of birth December 5, 1867 Place of birth Zułów, in todays... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Tatarkiewicz WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Tatarkiewicz (April 3, 1886, Warsaw – April 4, 1980, Warsaw) was a Polish philosopher, historian of philosophy, historian of art, esthetician, and author of works in ethics. ... Nobel Prize medal. ... CzesÅ‚aw MiÅ‚osz  ; (June 30, 1911 – August 14, 2004), was a Polish poet, writer, academic, and translator. ...

In 1938 the University had: Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

• 7 Institutes
• 123 professors
• 104 different scientifical units (including two hospitals)
• 3110 students

The University's international students included 212 Russians, 94 Belarusians, 85 Lithuanians, 28 Ukrainians and 13 Germans.

The Grand Courtyard today.

The Vilnius University Observatory

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (900x590, 235 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (900x590, 235 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1102x1469, 377 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1102x1469, 377 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to...

World War II

Following the Invasion of Poland (1939) the University was closed. The city was soon occupied by the Soviet Union. Most of the professors returned to the university after the hostilities ended, and most of the faculties were reopened on October 1, 1939. On October 28, Vilnius was transferred to Lithuania which considered the previous eighteen years as an occupation by Poland of its capital.^[1] The University was closed on December 15, and all staff and students dismissed. In its place the new university, named Vilniaus Universitetas, was created. The new University Charter specified that Vilnius University was to be governed according to the statute of the Vytautas Magnus University of Kaunas, and that Lithuanian language programs and faculties would be established. Lithuanian language was named as the official language of the university. Soon after the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union, most of the Polish and Lithuanian professors who were deemed reactionary were arrested and sent to prisons and gulags in Russia and Kazakhstan. Combatants Poland Germany, Slovakia, Soviet Union Commanders Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Fedor von Bock (Army Group North), Gerd von Rundstedt (Army Group South), Mikhail Kovalov (Belorussian Front), Semyon Timoshenko (Ukrainian Front), Ferdinand ÄŒatloÅ¡ (Field Army Bernolak) Strength 39 divisions, 16 brigades, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 400 aircraft Total: 950... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 28 is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 64 days remaining. ... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Vilnius County Municipality Geographic coordinate system Number of elderates 20 General Information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population About 600,000 in 2006 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Not to be confused with Vilnius city... Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) (Lithuanian Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas (VDU)) is one of the biggest universities in Kaunas, Lithuania. ... Lithuanian is the official language of Lithuania, spoken by about 4 million native speakers (Lithuanians). ... Reactionary (or reactionist) is a political epithet, generally used as a pejorative, originally applied in the context of the French Revolution to counter-revolutionaries who wished to restore the real or imagined conditions of the monarchical Ancien Régime. ... Gulag ( , Russian: ) was the government body responsible for administering prison camps across the former Soviet Union. ...

The city was occupied by Germany in 1941, and all institutions of higher education for non-Germans were closed. However, the remaining Polish professors organized a system of secret education with lectures and exams held in private flats. The diplomas of the underground Universities were accepted by many Polish Universities after the War. In 1944, many of the students took part in Operation Ostra Brama. The majority of the them were later arrested by the NKVD and deported to the Soviet Union. This article covers the topic of underground education in Poland (Polish Tajne szkolnictwo) during World War II. After the Polish defeat in the Polish Defence War of 1939 and the subsequent German occupation of most of Polish territory, Poland was divided onto the areas directly incorporated into the Reich and... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... This article is about the 1944 battle for Wilno between the Armia Krajowa and the Wehrmacht. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Soviet period (1945-1990)

Together with the expulsion of the Germans in 1945-1948, the remnants of faculty and students of Polish heritage that survived the war were expelled from the city, as the entire Polish population of Kresy were ordered to relocate to the Regained Territories. Many of them joined various universities in Poland. In order not to lose contact with each other, the professors decided to transfer whole faculties. After 1945, most of the mathematicians, humanists and biologists joined the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, while a number of the medical faculty formed the core of the newly-founded Medical University of Gdańsk. The Toruń university is often considered to be the successor to the Polish traditions of the Stefan Batory university. Germans expelled from the Sudetenland // The expulsion of Germans after World War II refers to the forced migration of people considered Germans (Reichsdeutsche and some Volksdeutsche) from various European states and territories during 1945 and in the first three years after World War II 1946-48. ... Polish voivodeships 1922-1939. ... Note: although the term recovered territories has a clear meaning in Poland and Polish historiography, it is not a widely accepted term or concept in English speaking nations. ... Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruÅ„ (Uniwersytet MikoÅ‚aja Kopernika (UMK) w Toruniu) is one of the most respected universities in Poland. ... Medical University of GdaÅ„sk is located in GdaÅ„sk, Poland. ... Motto: Durabo (lat. ...

In 1955^[2] the University was named after Vincas Kapsukas. After it had been awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1971 and the Order of Friendship of Peoples in 1979, its full name until 1990 was Vilnius Order of the Red Banner of Labour and Order of Friendship of Peoples V. Kapsukas State University.^[2] Though restrained by the Soviet system, Vilnius University grew and gained significance and developed its own, Lithuanian identity. Vilnius University began to free itself from Soviet ideology in 1988, thanks to the policy of glasnost. Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas (Budvečiai, 7 April (Old Style 23 March) 1880 - Moscow, 17 December 1935) was a Lithuanian politician, one of the founders and later leader of the Lithuanian Communist Party. ... The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was an Order (decoration) of the Soviet Union for accomplishments in labour and civil service. ... The Order of Friendship of Peoples (Russian: ) was an order of the Soviet Union, and was awarded to persons (including non-citizens), organizations, enterprises, military units, as well as administrative subdivisions of the USSR for accomplishments in strengthening of inter-ethnical and international friendship and cooperation, for economical, political, scientifical... //   (Russian: IPA: ) is politics of maximal openness, transparency of activity of all official (governmental) institutes, and freedom of information. ...

After 1990

On March 11, 1990, Lithuania declared independence, and the University regained autonomy. Since 1991, Vilnius University has been a signatory to the Magna Charta of the European Universities. The University is a member of the European University Association (EUA) and the Conference of Baltic University Rectors. March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (71st in leap years). ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... The European University Association (EUA) is the main voice of the higher education community in Europe. ...

Vilnius University today

Vilnius University featured on a 1-litas commemorative coin released in 2004 to honor its 425th anniversary

Commemorative bell in Vilnius University

Layout of the Central Campus

In modern times, the University still offers studies with an internationally recognized content. Image File history File links 1_litas_coin_-_Vilnius_University. ... Image File history File links 1_litas_coin_-_Vilnius_University. ... The litas (ISO currency code LTL, symbolized as Lt; plural litai or litų) is the official currency of Lithuania. ... Commemorative coins are legally issued coins with a denomination that are not usually meant for circulation. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1004x1338, 304 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1004x1338, 304 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1469x1102, 509 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1469x1102, 509 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vilnius University Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to...

As of January 1, 2007, there were 23,255 students studying at Vilnius University^[3]. is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

The current University Rector is Professor Benediktas Juodka of the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.

Organization

There are 12 faculties:

• Chemistry
• Economics
• Philology
• Philosophy
• Physics
• Natural Sciences
• History
• Kaunas Faculty of Humanities
• Communications
• Mathematics and Computer Science
• Medicine
• Law

The university has a number of semi-autonomous institutes:

• Institute of International Relations and Political Science
• Institute of Material Science and Applied Research
• Institute of Foreign Languages
• Institute of Ecology
• Institute of Immunology
• Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy
• Institute of Oncology
• Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine
• UNESCO Associated Centre of Excellence for Research and Training in Basic Sciences
• The Vilnius Yiddish Institute

There are also several study and research centers at Vilnius University:

• A.J.Greimas Center of Semiotics
• Environmental Studies Center
• Center for Stateless Cultures
• Center of Orientalistics
• Center of Professional Improvement
• Religious Studies and Research Centre
• Sports Center
• Center for Gender Studies
• Vilnius Distance Education Study Center
• Center of Excellence in Cell Biology and Lasers
• International Center of Knowledge Economy and Knowledge Management

Projects

A complete list of research projects may be found at [2]. Recent and ongoing projects at Vilnius University include:

• "Laser Spectrometer for Testing of Coatings of Crystals and Optical Components in Wide Spectral and Angle Range"^[4]. NATO Science for Peace programme project. NATO SfP-972534. 1999-2002.

• "Cell biology and lasers: towards new technologies". Vilnius University - UNESCO Associated Centre of Excellence. ^[5]

• "Science and Society: Genomics and Benefit Sharing with Developing Countries - From Biodiversity to Human Genomics (GenBenefit)". Doc. E. Gefenas (Faculty of Medicine). 2006-2009.

• "Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society: Social Inequality and Why It Matters for the Economic and Democratic Development of Europe and Its Citizens. Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective (EUREQUAL)." Doc. A. Poviliūnas (Faculty of Philosophy). 2006-2009.

• "Marie Curie Chairs: Centre for Studies and Training Experiments with Lasers and Laser Applications (STELLA)". A. Dubietis (Faculty of Physics). 2006-2009.

• "Research Infrastructure Action: Integrated European Laser Laboratories (LaserLab-Europe)". Prof. A. Piskarskas (Faculty of Physics). 2004-2007.

• "Nanotechnology and nanoscieces, knowledge-based multifunctional materials, new production processes and devices: Cell Programming by Nanoscaled Devices (CellPROM)". Prof. A. Kareiva (Faculty of Chemistry). 2004-2009.

The NATO Science Committee and the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS) were restructured in 2006 to create “Science for Peace and Security” (SPS). ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ...

Nobel Prize winners

• Czesław Miłosz, poet, The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980

CzesÅ‚aw MiÅ‚osz  ; (June 30, 1911 – August 14, 2004), was a Polish poet, writer, academic, and translator. ...

Notable professors and alumni of Vilnius University

Sorted in alphabetical order

• Michał Bobrowski
• Alfredas Bumblauskas professor, historian
• Ludwik Chmaj, historian and philosopher
• Józef Michał Chomiński, musicologist
• Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
• Tadeusz Czeżowski, logician
• Simonas Daukantas, historian
• Ignacy Domeyko, founder of Santiago de Chile University
• Henryk Elzenberg, historian and philosopher
• Józef Gołuchowski, philosopher
• Gottfried Erns Groddeck, medician
• Johann Peter Frank, medician
• Josef Frank, medician
• Marija Gimbutas, archeologist, author of the Kurgan hypothesis
• Edvardas Gudavičius, professor, historian
• Tomasz Hussarzewski, historian
• Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł, biologist
• Daniel Klein, reformer of the Lithuanian language grammar
• Ludwik Kolankowski, historian
• Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, writer
• Žygimantas Liauksminas, philosopher
• Joachim Lelewel, historian and politician
• Henryk Łowmiański, historian
• Adam Mickiewicz, poet
• Kazimierz Moszyński, ethnologist
• Ignacy Żegota Onacewicz, Polish scientist and Belarusian national revival pioneer
• Jan Szczepan Otrębski, philologist, professor of Lithuanian and German languages
• Karol Podczaszyński, architect
• Edmundas Rimša historian, specialist of heraldics, sfragistics and genealogy.
• Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, famous Latin language poet
• Jozef-Julian Sekowski, journalist
• Piotr Skarga
• Kazimierz Siemienowicz, artillery engineer, constructor and pioneer of rocketry
• Konstantinas Sirvydas, professor
• Juliusz Słowacki, poet
• Stefan Srebrny, philologist
• Jan Śniadecki, astronomer, mathematician, physicist
• Jędrzej Śniadecki, chemist and medician
• Martin Śmiglecki, logician
• Witold Taszycki, linguist
• Józef Trypućko, philologist
• Tomas Venclova, poet, author and translator, Yale University professor
• Albertas Vijūkas-Kojelavičius, historian, author of the first History of Lithuania
• Vilenas Vadapalas, lawyer, Judge in the Court of First Instance
• Stanislaw Warszewicki, writer
• Jan Fryderyk Wolfgang, biologist
• Jakub Wujek, first translator of the Bible into the Polish language
• Tomasz Zan, poet
• Zigmas Zinkevičius, professor, linguist-historian.

Alfredas Bumblauskas (born in 1956) is a professor of Vilnius University and one of the best known Lithuanian historians. ... Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, in English: Adam George Czartoryski (January 14, 1770 — July 15, 1861), Polish szlachcic, statesman and author, son of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and Izabela Fleming (it is rumoured he was a fruit of her liaison with Russian ambassador to Poland Nikolai Repnin[1]). He was known... Tadeusz Czeżowski (b. ... Simonas Daukantas was a famous Lithuanian historian, wrote several stories about the living of Lithuanians, Highland People (Kalnėnai), and Žemaičiai. ... Ignacy Domeyko Ignacy Domeyko (Belarusian: ; also spelled Domejko in Polish, Ignas Domeika in Lithuanian); July 31, 1802 - January 23, 1889, Santiago de Chile) was a famous 19th century Polish geologist and mineralogist from the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Satellite image of Santiago Santiago (full form Santiago de Chile) is the capital of Chile. ... Marija Gimbutas by Kerbstone 52, at the back of Newgrange, Co. ... The Kurgan hypothesis was introduced by Marija Gimbutas in 1956 in order to combine archaeology with linguistics in locating the origins of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) speaking peoples. ... Edvardas Gudavičius (born on September 6, 1929 in Kaunas) is one of the best known historians in modern Lithuania specializing in history of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ... Lithuanian is the official language of Lithuania, spoken by about 4 million native speakers (Lithuanians). ... Józef Ignacy Kraszewski Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812-1887) was a Polish writer and novelist. ... Joachim Lelewel (Warsaw, March 22, 1786- May 29, 1861), was a Polish historian and politician, from a naturalized Polish family of Prussian background. ... Henryk Łowmiański (August 22, 1898 near Ukmergė - September 4, 1984 in Poznań) – Polish medieval historian. ... Adam Mickiewicz. ... Karol Podczaszyński (b. ... Edmundas Antanas Rimša (December 15, 1948 in Skirai, Rokiškis district) Lithuanian historian, specialist of heraldics, sfragistics and genealogy. ... Poeta Laureatus Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Jozef-Julian Sekowski, known in Russia as Ossip Ivanovich Senkovsky (1800-1858), was a prolific Polish-Russian orientalist, journalist, and entertainer. ... Skargas Sermon, by Jan Matejko, 1862, oil on canvas, 224 x 397 cm. ... 20th century artistic vision of Kazimierz Siemenowicz Kazimierz Siemienowicz (Belarusian: Казімер Семяновіч, Kazimir Siemianovič, Lithuanian: Kazimieras Simonavičius) (born c. ... Konstantinas Sirvydas, (Latin: , Polish: ) died 1631) was a Lithuanian[1] religious preacher, lexicographer and one of the pioneers of Lithuanian literature[2]. He was a Jesuit priest and a professor at the Academy of Wilno and he authored, among other works, the first grammar of the Lithuanian language and the... Juliusz Słowacki. ... Jan Śniadecki Jan Śniadecki (August 28, 1756 in Żnin - November 9, 1830 in Jaszuny near Wilno), greatest Polish mathematician, philosopher and astronomer at the turn of the 18th century. ... Jędrzej Śniadecki Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768 - 1838) was a Polish writer, physician, chemist and biologist. ... Tomas Venclova (born on September 11, 1937 in Klaipeda) - Lithuanian poet, author and translator of literature. ... “Yale” redirects here. ... This article discusses the history of Lithuania and of the Lithuanians. ... Vilenas Vadapalas (* 1954) is a Lithuanian lawyer. ... The Court of First Instance, created in 1989, is a court of the European Union. ... Jakub Wujek (1541-97) was a Polish Jesuit, religious writer, and translator of the Bible into Polish. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ... Polish (język polski, polszczyzna) is the official language of Poland. ... Tomasz Zan, in a drawing by R.Żukowski (1825—1855) Tomasz Zan (December 21, 1796 - July 19, 1855), was a Polish poet. ... Professor Zigmas Zinkevičius Zigmas Zinkevičius (January 4, 1925 in Juodausiai, Ukmergė district) is the leading Lithuanian linguist-historian, and a professor at Vilnius University. ...

Honorary Doctorates conferred by Vilnius University

• Jan Safarewicz, Full Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Professor, Cracow Jagellonian University (1979)
• Zdenek Češka, Associate Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rector of Charles University, Prague (1979)
• Werner Scheler, Professor, Germany (1979)
• Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1989)
• Czeslaw Olech, Director of International Mathematical Banach Centre, Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Professor, Warsaw University (1989)
• Christian Winter, Professor, Frankfurt am Main University (Germany) (1989)
• Vaclovas Dargužas (Andreas Hofer), Doctor of Medicine (Switzerland) (1991)
• Edvardas Varnauskas, Doctor of Medicine, Professor (Sweden) (1992)
• Martynas Yčas, Professor, New York State University (1992)
• Paulius Rabikauskas, Professor, Gregorius University (Rome, Italy) (1994)
• Tomas Remeikis, professor, Indiana Calumet College (USA) (1994)
• William Schmalstieg, Professor, Pennsylvania University (USA) (1994)
• Vladimir Toporov, Professor, Institute of Slavonic Languages, Russian Academy of Sciences (1994)
• Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1996)
• Alfred Laubereau, Head of the Experimental Physics Department, Munich Technical University, Professor, Bairoit University (1997)
• Nikolaj Bachalov, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Computational Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Moscow M. Lomonosov University (1997)
• Rainer Eckert, Professor, Director of the Institute of Baltic Studies, Greifswald University (1997)
• Juliusz Bardach, Professor, Warsaw University (Poland) (1997)
• Theodor Hellbrugge, founder and Head of the Munich Children Centre, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Professor, Munich University (Germany) (1998)
• Friedrich Scholz, Director of the Interdisciplinary Institute of Baltic Studies, Professor, Munich University (Germany) (1998)
• Zbigniew Brzezinski, Professor, Advisor of the government of USA (1998)
• Maria Wasna, Doctor, Professor, psychologist, Rector of Münster University (Germany) (1999)
• Ludwik Piechnik, Professor of History, Cracow Papal Theological Academy (Poland) (1999)
• Sven Lars Caspersen, Professor of Economics, President of the World Rector's Association, Rector of Aalborg University (Denmark) (1999)
• Wolfgang Schmid, Professor, Göttingen University (Germany) (2000)
• Eduard Liubimskij, Professor, Moscow University (Russia) (2000)
• Andrzej Zoll, Professor, Jagellonian University in Kraków (Poland) (2002)
• Dagfinn Moe, Professor, Bergen University (Norway) (2002)
• Jurij Stepanov, Professor, Moscow University (Russia) (2002)
• Ernst Ribbat, Professor, Münster University (Germany) (2002)
• Sven Ekdahl, Professor, Prussian Secret Archives in Berlin (Germany) (2004)
• Peter Ulrich Sauer, Professor, Hanover University (Germany) (2004)
• Peter Gilles, Professor, Johan Wolfgang Goethe University (Frankfurt am Main, Germany) (2004)
• Francis Robicsek, Professor, Carolinas Heart Institute at Carolinas Medical Centre in Charlotte, North Carolina (USA) (2004)
• Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of the Republic of Poland (2005)
• Vladimir P. Skulachev, Professor, Moscow M. Lomonosov University (Russia) (2005)
• Vassilios Skouris, Professor, President of the European Court of Justice (2005)
• Pietro Umberto Dini, Professor, University of Pisa (Italy) (2005)
• Jacques Rogge, President of the International Olympic Committee (2006)
• Gunnar Kulldorff, Professor, Umeå University (Sweden) (2006)
• Wojciech Smoczyński, Professor, Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Poland) (2007)
• Reinhardt Bittner, Professor, Tübingen University Academic Hospital in Stuttgart (Germany) (2007)

Categories: PAN | PAU | Scientific societies | Polish scientific societies | Stub | Education in Poland | Polish institutions | National academies ... The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR) was established in 1992 by the Czech National Council as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. ... President Valdas Adamkus Valdas Adamkus (born Valdemaras Adamkevičius on November 3, 1926) is the current President of the Republic of Lithuania. ... Stefan Banach Stefan Banach (March 30, 1892 in Kraków, Austria-Hungary now Poland– August 31, 1945 in Lwów, Soviet Union - occupied Poland), was an eminent Polish mathematician, one of the moving spirits of the Lwów School of Mathematics in pre-war Poland. ... Categories: PAN | PAU | Scientific societies | Polish scientific societies | Stub | Education in Poland | Polish institutions | National academies ... Warsaw University (Polish: ) is one of the largest universities in Poland. ... The University of Pennsylvania (commonly referred to as Penn or UPenn, although the former is the preferred and recognized nickname of the University) is a private university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and a founding member of the Ivy League. ... Vladimir Nikolayevich Toporov (5 July 1928 - 5 December 2005) was a leading Russian philologist who presided over the Moscow-Tartu school of semiotics after Yuri Lotmans death. ... Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ... Václav Havel, GCB, CC, (IPA: ) (born October 5, 1936 in Prague) is a Czech writer and dramatist. ... Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ... Warsaw University (Polish: ) is one of the largest universities in Poland. ... Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzezinski (born March 28, 1928, Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish-American political scientist, geostrategist, and statesman. ... The Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737. ... Moscow State University campus M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Московский Государственный Университет име&#1085... Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet Jagielloński) is a university in Krakow, Poland. ... Motto: Ex navicula navis (From a boat, a ship) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lesser Poland Powiat city county Gmina Kraków City Rights June 5th, 1257 Government  - Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area  - City 326. ... The University of Bergen (Universitetet i Bergen) is located in Bergen, Norway. ... Moscow State University campus M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Московский Государственный Университет име&#1085... The University of Münster (German Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, WWU) is a public university located in the city of Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. ... Peter A. Giles (born 17 June, 1944, in Winton, Bournemouth, Dorset, England) is a bass player and vocalist who, with his brother Michael Giles and Robert Fripp, formed Giles, Giles and Fripp. ... Aleksander KwaÅ›niewski ( ; born November 15, 1954) is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. ... Vassilios Skouris, (b. ... European Court of Justice building, Luxembourg The Court of Justice of the European Communities, usually called the European Court of Justice (ECJ), is the highest court of the European Union (EU). ... The University of Pisa (Italian Università di Pisa) is one of the most renowned Italian universities. ... Jacques Rogge (born May 2, 1942) is a Belgian orthopaedic surgeon and has been the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) since 2001. ... Stamp The International Olympic Committee (French: Comité International Olympique) is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas on June 23, 1894. ... UmeÃ¥ University UmeÃ¥ Universitet : UmeÃ¥ University (Swedish: UmeÃ¥ universitet) is a university in UmeÃ¥ in the Midnorth of Sweden. ... Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet JagielloÅ„ski, often shortened to UJ) is located in Krakow, Poland, and has been ranked by the Times Higher Education Supplement as the best Polish university. ... Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen (German: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen) is a state-supported university located on the Neckar river, in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ...

Bibliography

• Studia z dziejów Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego 1579–1979, K. Mrozowska, Kraków 1979
• Uniwersytet Wileński 1579–1979, M. Kosman, Wrocław 1981
• Vilniaus Universiteto istorija 1579–1803, Mokslas, Vilnius, 1976, 316 p.
• Vilniaus Universiteto istorija 1803–1940, Mokslas, Vilnius, 1977, 341 p.
• Vilniaus Universiteto istorija 1940–1979, Mokslas, Vilnius, 1979, 431 p.
• Łossowski, Piotr (1991). "Likwidacja Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego przez władze litweskie w grudniu 1939 roku" (in Polish). Warszawa: Interlibro. ISBN 8385161260. 

Motto: Ex navicula navis (From a boat, a ship) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lesser Poland Powiat city county Gmina Kraków City Rights June 5th, 1257 Government  - Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area  - City 326. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Motto: Miasto spotkaÅ„ (the meeting place) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lower Silesian Powiat city county Gmina WrocÅ‚aw Established 10th century City Rights 1262 Government  - Mayor RafaÅ‚ Dutkiewicz Area  - City 292. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Vilnius County Municipality Geographic coordinate system Number of elderates 20 General Information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population About 600,000 in 2006 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Not to be confused with Vilnius city... Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Vilnius County Municipality Geographic coordinate system Number of elderates 20 General Information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population About 600,000 in 2006 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Not to be confused with Vilnius city... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Location Ethnographic region AukÅ¡taitija County Vilnius County Municipality Geographic coordinate system Number of elderates 20 General Information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population About 600,000 in 2006 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Not to be confused with Vilnius city... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Vilnius University

• List of Universities in Lithuania
• Protmušis
• StartFM
• History of Vilnius

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... A listing of universities in Lithuania: International Business School of Vilnius University International School of Management Kaunas University of Medicine Kaunas University of Technology Klaipeda University Law University of Lithuania Lithuania Christian College Lithunian Academy of Music Lithunian Institute of Physical Education Lithunian University of Agriculture Lithunian Veterinary Academy Military... The logo of Protmušis. ... StartFM is a campus radio station hosted by Vilnius University (Lithuania). ... Map of Vilnius in 1576 // Middle ages The earliest settlements in the area of present Vilnius appear to be of mesolithic origin. ...

References

External links

• Vilnius University homepage
• Universitas Vilnensis 1579-2004, well written and illustrated book (92 pages)
• The Vilnius Yiddish Institute
• History of Vilnius University by Tomas Venclova
• (Polish) Uniwersytet Wileński 1579-2004