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Vinland was the name given to an area of North America by the Norseman Leifr Eiríksson, about the year A.D. 1000^{[citation needed]}. Vinland, published in 1992 by George Mackay Brown, is a historical novel set in the Orkney Islands in the early 11th Century. ... North American redirects here. ... Norseman redirects here; for the town of the same name see Norseman, Western Australia. ... Close up of Leif in front of Hallgrímskirkja, in Reykjavík, Iceland. ... Europe in 1000 The year 1000 of the Gregorian Calendar was the last year of the 10th century as well as the last year of the first millennium. ...

In 1960 archaeological evidence of the only known Norse settlement^[1] in North America (outside of Greenland) was found at L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern part of the island of Newfoundland, in what is now the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Although this proved conclusively the Vikings' pre-Columbian discovery of North America, whether this exact site is the Vinland of the Norse accounts is still a subject of debate. For referencing in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Citing sources. ... The Vikings, or Norsemen, explored and settled areas of the North Atlantic, including the northeast fringes of North America, beginning in the 10th century. ... LAnse aux Meadows (from the French LAnse-aux-Méduses or Jellyfish Cove) is a site on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where the remains of a Viking village were discovered in 1960 by the Norwegian explorer Helge Ingstad and... Newfoundland —   IPA: [nuw fÉ™n lænd] (French: , Irish: ) is a large island off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... This article is about the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... For other uses, see Viking (disambiguation). ... Norse is an adjective relating things to Denmark, Norway, Iceland and Sweden. ...

There is a consensus among scholars that the Vikings did reach North America, approximately five centuries prior to the voyages of Christopher Columbus^{[citation needed]}. Christopher Columbus (1451 – May 20, 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer and one of the first Europeans to explore the Americas after the Vikings. ...

Etymology

The name Vinland has been interpreted in two ways: traditionally as Vínland ("wine-land") and more recently as Vinland ("plain land" or "pasture-land").

Wine-land

The earliest etymology of "Vinland" is found in Adam of Bremen's 11th-century Latin Descriptio insularum Aquilonis ("Description of the Northern Islands"): "Moreover, he has also reported one island discovered by many in that ocean, which is called Winland, for the reason that grapevines grow there by themselves, producing the best wine." (Praeterea unam adhuc insulam recitavit a multis in eo repertam occeano, quae dicitur Winland, eo quod ibi vites sponte nascantur, vinum optimum ferentes). The implication is that the first element is Old Norse vín (Latin vinum), "wine". Adam of Bremen (also: Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German medieval chroniclers. ...

This explanation is essentially repeated in the 13th-century Grœnlendinga saga, which provides a circumstantial account of the discovery of Vinland, and its being named from the grapes (vínber) found there. GrÅ“nlendinga saga or the Saga of the Greenlanders is an Icelandic saga. ...

Pasture-land

A more recent interpretation of the name Vinland is that the first element is not vín but vin, an Old Norse word with the meaning 'meadow, pasture'. (Proto-Norse winju.) The word is a common suffix in old Norwegian place names - but because it mostly has been weakened (into -in, -en, -e, -a, and more), it is often hard to recognize in its modern forms. See, for example, Hornindal; Bergen, Løten, Røyken, Sande, Skodje, Time; Halsa; Bodø; Gjerdrum. Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age). ... Proto-Norse, Proto-Nordic, Ancient Nordic or Proto-North Germanic was an Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia that is thought to have evolved from Proto-Germanic between the 1st century BC and the 2nd century, and was spoken until ca 800, when it evolved into the Old Norse language. ... Look up Suffix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... County District Nordfjord Municipality NO-1444 Administrative centre GrodÃ¥s Mayor (2003) Bjørn Lødemel (H) Official language form Nynorsk Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 333 192 km² 179 km² 0. ... County District Midhordland Municipality NO-1201 Administrative centre Bergen Mayor (2007) Gunnar Bakke (Frp) Official language form Neutral[1] Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 215 465 km² 445 km² 0. ... County Hedmark Landscape Hedemarken Municipality NO-0415 Administrative centre Løten Mayor (2003) Martin Skramstad (Sp) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 252 369 km² 362 km² 0. ... County District Municipality NO-0627 Administrative centre Røyken Mayor (2003) Rune Kjølstad (H) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 378 113 km² 111 km² 0. ... County District Municipality NO-0713 Administrative centre Sande i Vestfold Mayor (2003) Karl Einar Haslestad (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 346 178 km² 174 km² 0. ... County District Sunnmøre Municipality NO-1529 Administrative centre Skodje Mayor (2003) Terje Vadset (Frp) Official language form Nynorsk Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 371 120 km² 111 km² 0. ... County District Jæren Municipality NO-1121 Administrative centre Bryne Mayor (2004) Arnfinn Vigrestad (KrF) Official language form Nynorsk Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 341 183 km² 171 km² 0. ... County District Nordmøre Municipality NO-1571 Administrative centre Liabø Mayor (2003) Margrete Seter (Tverrpolitisk Bygdeliste) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 278 301 km² 293 km² 0. ... County District Salten Municipality NO-1804 Administrative centre Bodø Mayor (2005) Odd-Tore Fygle (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 62 1,392 km² 1,308 km² 0. ... The municipality Gjerdrum in the county of Akershus, Norway, has 4,778 inhabitants as of 1 January 2002. ...

Vin is a common name on old farms from Norse times in Norway, and present-day use of the word are Bjørgvin, the Norse (and Icelandic) name of Bergen, Norway, and Granvin, where -vin translates into 'pasture' in both. A poetic Norse name of the Danish island of Sjælland (Zealand) was Viney 'pasture island'. The word can also be a name in itself (see Vinje). County Hordaland District Midhordland Municipality NO-1201 Administrative centre Bergen Mayor (2006) Herman Friele (H) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 215 465 km² 445 km² 0. ... County Hordaland District Midhordland Municipality NO-1201 Administrative centre Bergen Mayor (2004) Herman Friele (H) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 215 465 km² 445 km² 0. ... County Hordaland Landscape Hardanger Municipality NO-1234 Administrative centre Granvin Mayor (2003) Olav Seim (Sp) Official language form Nynorsk Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 325 213 km² 205 km² 0. ... Map showing location of Zealand within Denmark. ... County Telemark Landscape Vest-Telemark Municipality NO-0834 Administrative centre Vinje Mayor (2003) Arne Vinje (SV) Official language form Nynorsk Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 12 3,106 km² 2,732 km² 0. ...

A cognate name also existed in Old English (Anglo-Saxon), in the name of the village Woolland in Dorset, England: This was written "Winlande" in the 1086 Domesday Book, and it is interpreted as 'meadow land' or 'pasture land'. Old English redirects here. ... The Anglo-Saxons refers collectively to the groups of Germanic tribes who achieved dominance in southern Britain from the mid-5th century, forming the basis for the modern English nation. ... Woolland is a hamlet in north Dorset, England, situated in the Blackmore Vale under Bulbarrow Hill seven miles west of Blandford Forum. ... Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dɔ.sət], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Events Domesday Book is completed in England Emperor Shirakawa of Japan starts his cloistered rule Imam Ali Mosque is rebuilt by the Seljuk Malik Shah I after being destroyed by fire. ... A line drawing entitled Domesday Book from Andrew Williamss Historic Byways and Highways of Old England. ...

Historical accounts

The island ("insula") of Vinland ("Winland") was first recorded by Adam of Bremen, a German (Saxon) geographer and historian, in his book Descriptio insularum Aquilonis of approximately 1075. To write it he visited Danish king Svend Estridson, who had knowledge of the northern lands. Adam of Bremen (also: Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German medieval chroniclers. ... The Duchy of Saxony was a medieval Duchy covering the greater part of Northern Germany. ... Sweyn II Estridsson Ulfsson. ...

The main source of information about the Viking voyages to Vinland is derived from two Icelandic sagas, The Saga of Eric the Red and the Saga of the Greenlanders. These sagas were written down approximately 250 years after the settlement of Greenland and are open to considerable breadth of interpretation. Combining those two, it seems that there were possibly two separate attempts to establish a Norse settlement in Vinland, neither of which lasted for more than two years. The disbandment of the small Viking colony seems to have had several causes. Disagreements among the men about the few women that followed on the trip, and fighting with the Native Americans (called "skrælingar" in the Sagas) already living in the area, are both indicated in the written sources. This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... The Saga of Eric the Red is a saga about Eric the Red. ... GrÅ“nlendinga saga or the Saga of the Greenlanders is an Icelandic saga. ... Brazilian Indian chiefs The scope of this indigenous peoples of the Americas article encompasses the definitions of indigenous peoples and the Americas as established in their respective articles. ... Maps showing the different cultures in Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland and the Canadian arctic islands in the years 900, 1100, 1300 and 1500. ...

The two Sagas tell that after the settlement of Greenland by the Vikings, a merchant by the name of Bjarni Herjólfsson set sail from Iceland to Greenland to visit his father, a new settler in Greenland. His ship was blown off course by a storm and thus accidentally discovered a new land, presumably the east coast of North America, in 985 or 986. It was late in the summer, and he did not want to stay over winter in this new land, which he noted was covered with forests, so he did not land and managed to reach Greenland before winter fell. He then afterwards told the story and sold ships to Leifr Eiríksson. With wood being in very short supply in Greenland, the settlers there were eager to explore the riches of this new land. Some years later Leifr Eiríksson explored this coast, and established a short-lived colony on a part of the coast that he called Vinland. For other uses, see Viking (disambiguation). ... Bjarni Herjólfsson (fl. ... Events Barcelona sacked by Al-Mansur Greenland colonized by Icelandic Viking Erik the Red (the date is according to legend but has been established as at least approximately correct – see History of Greenland) Lady Wulfruna founded the town that later became the city of Wolverhampton Births Al-Hakim bi-Amr... Events March 2 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks End of the reign of Emperor Kazan of Japan Emperor Ichijo ascends to the throne of Japan Explorer Bjarni Herjólfsson becomes the first inhabitant of the Old World to sight North America Births Deaths March 2 - Lothair, King of... Close up of Leif in front of Hallgrímskirkja, in Reykjavík, Iceland. ...

The first discovery made by Leifr was according to the stories Helluland ("flatstone land"), possibly Baffin Island. Markland ("wood land"), possibly Labrador - was discovered next (there is some evidence that the tree line in northern Labrador has been diminished or eroded since Eiriksson's time) and lastly Vinland. Vinland is possibly identifiable with the archaeological site of L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland. The expedition included both families and livestock, and its aims was to found a new settlement. "Straumfjörðr" ("stream", possibly in reference to the strong currents of near-by Strait of Belle Isle and Belle Isle) was the name of the northern settlement and "Hóp" (lagoon) was the name for the warmer southern settlement. Only two Viking leaders actually overwintered in Vinland, the second being Thorvald Eiríksson, Leifr's brother, who was killed the second summer. However, according to the stories, the idea was soon abandoned due to conflicts with the "skrælingar" and between the Vikings themselves. New voyages for woodcutting seem to have been discussed even as late as the 1300s. Helluland is the name given to one of the three lands discovered by Leif Eriksson sometime around 1000 CE on the North Atlantic coast of North America. ... Baffin Island (Inuktitut: , French: ) in the territory of Nunavut is the largest member of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. ... Markland is the name given to an area of unknown location, named by Leif Ericson when visiting North America. ... Labrador (also Coast of Labrador) is a region of Atlantic Canada. ... LAnse aux Meadows (from the French LAnse-aux-Méduses or Jellyfish Cove) is a site on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where the remains of a Viking village were discovered in 1960 by the Norwegian explorer Helge Ingstad and... Newfoundland —   IPA: [nuw fÉ™n lænd] (French: , Irish: ) is a large island off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... The Strait of Belle Isle (French: Détroit de Belle Île), sometimes referred to as Straits of Belle Isle or Labrador Straits) is a waterway in eastern Canada that separates the Labrador Peninsula from the island of Newfoundland, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... An island, 52 square kilometres in area, 16 km long and 5 km wide, located at 52º01N latitude 55º17W longitude. ... This mid bay barrier in Narrabeen, a suburb of Sydney (Australia), has blocked what used to be a bay to form a lagoon. ... Maps showing the different cultures in Greenland, Labrador, Newfoundland and the Canadian arctic islands in the years 900, 1100, 1300 and 1500. ...

Until the 19th century, the idea of Viking settlement in North America was considered by historians to be the product of mere folk tales. The first scholarly theory for the idea was put forth in 1837 by Danish literary historian and antiquarian Carl Christian Rafn in his book Antiquitates Americanæ. Rafn had made an exhaustive examination of the sagas, as well as potential settlement sites on the North American coast and concluded that Vinland was a real place in North America that had been settled by the Norse. Newfoundland historian William A Munn (1864-1939), after studying literary sources in Europe, suggested that the Vikings had first made land at L'Anse aux Meadows and then sailed round to Pistolet Bay. Carl Christian Rafn (1795 - 1864) was a Danish archaeologist noted for his early advocacy of the theory that the Vikings had explored North America prior to Christopher Columbus. ...

Localization debate

Historians do not agree on the location of Vinland. Rafn and Erik Wahlgren believed that Vinland was probably in New England. In 1960 a Viking settlement was discovered by Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad and excavated during the 1960s and 1970s at L'Anse aux Meadows in northern Newfoundland, and some historians believe that this was Leifr's settlement, thus connecting Vinland to Newfoundland. Others have followed Rafn in sharing the belief that Vinland was farther to the south. In this view, L'Anse aux Meadows was perhaps part of an undocumented later attempt at settlement. Carl Christian Rafn (1795 - 1864) was a Danish archaeologist noted for his early advocacy of the theory that the Vikings had explored North America prior to Christopher Columbus. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... LAnse aux Meadows (from the French LAnse-aux-Méduses or Jellyfish Cove) is a site on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where the remains of a Viking village were discovered in 1960 by the Norwegian explorer Helge Ingstad and... Newfoundland —   IPA: [nuw fÉ™n lænd] (French: , Irish: ) is a large island off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ...

Viking colonisation site at L'Anse-aux-Meadows, Newfoundland

L'Anse-aux-Meadows, Newfoundland

Those who believe Newfoundland is the location of Vinland generally think that settlements farther south are unlikely, because maintaining such a distant lifestyle from the Norse homelands would have been far too difficult for the Vikings of the time. Iron and other convenient resources would have been too difficult to sustain on any workable level, as the later English settlers in New England would find. Costly fights with Native populations so far from supply lines would have been another deterrent. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1154 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Vinland Viking LAnse aux Meadows Leif Ericson Green roof Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1154 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Vinland Viking LAnse aux Meadows Leif Ericson Green roof Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize... The site of early Viking colonisation in Lanse aux Meadows in the northwesternmost corner of the island of Newfoundland This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The site of early Viking colonisation in Lanse aux Meadows in the northwesternmost corner of the island of Newfoundland This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Political map of the Nordic countries and associated territories. ... General Name, symbol, number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ...

An argument for placing Vinland farther south is presented in Adam of Bremen's account. In his Descriptio insularum Aquilonis he wrote that the name Vinland comes from the grapevines growing there. He received this information from King Svend Estridson. Adam of Bremen (also: Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German medieval chroniclers. ... Look up Grapevine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Grapevine can refer to several things. ... Sweyn II Estridsson Ulfsson. ...

There are a number of theories to explain this discrepancy:

• It was an early marketing attempt, something like the naming of Greenland by Erik the Red. In this theory, Leifr's naming of Markland and Vinland was to encourage others to explore and settle there.
• A theory subject to much debate among scholars is that there was a misinterpretation of short-i *Vinland as long-i Vínland, as described above. This theory can be combined with the previous one: Estridson might have embellished Adam's mistake if he believed it would increase the fame of Vinland for joint-financed ventures he would no doubt claim for himself. One problem with this theory is why the sagas outside of Adam of Bremen's account also refer to long-i Vínland, and mention vines as well. Since the sagas were written later, an explanation for this could be that the sagas were somehow influenced by Adam of Bremen's account.
• Alternatively Estridson was joking or lying, or even referring to similarly sounding Wendland instead in an earlier account, where grapes did grow, and this was later confused with Vinland by Adam of Bremen.
• Another theory is that we have not discovered the true location of Vinland yet, and it is further south, where grapes do grow. More subtly Vinland could be seen as a gateway or northern part, in reach of more temperate areas where grapes grew.
• Another possibility is that later, longer voyages further south, reporting Concord style grapes confused the story told about the settlement, as there were individuals of the crews who had ventured out on their own to return with tales.
• Still another possibility is that the reference is to any of the abundant berries in Newfoundland, including gooseberries or blueberries, which are both abundant near L'Anse-aux-Meadows (51°N) and are both suitable for winemaking. Blueberries look very much like small black grapes, although they grow on bushes very unlike grape vines.
• Finally it has been speculated that grapes did in fact grow in Newfoundland (47-51°N) in the past. The first recorded grapes were grown 2002, when a successful vineyard was established in Gambo, Newfoundland, 48°50'N. The time period of the Vinland settlement corresponds with the Medieval Warm Period (from about the 10th century to about the 14th century). Water temperatures in the northern hemisphere during this time were up to 1°C warmer, allowing the planting of vineyards as far north as the coastal zones of the Baltic Sea (ca. 56°N) and southern England (ca. 51°N). There are vineyards at 54°N in Lancashire and Yorkshire, northern England.

While the theory that Vinland was further south is a legitimate line of inquiry, for some the motivation to search Vinland further south could have been more personal to justify or romanticize the Scandinavian colonization of areas in the present-day United States. There have been several instances where evidence of pre-Columbian Norse explorers in the United States has become a source of controversial debate, for example, the Kensington Runestone. However, the Maine Penny is regarded by many as a legitimate artifact. Alleged Runestones found throughout America are often used to attempt to show proof of pre-Columbian Norse settlement, but this is not thought to represent Vinland. For other uses, see Erik the Red (disambiguation). ... Throughout history, there has been different usage of the term (ON.) Wendland, Vendland, Ventheland or (Lat. ... Concord grapes are a variety of grape used as both a table grapes and wine grapes. ... For other uses, see Blueberry (disambiguation). ... Gambo is a town in northeastern Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. ... The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) or Medieval Climate Optimum theorizes that there was a time of unusually warm climate in the North Atlantic region, lasting from about the tenth century to about the fourteenth century. ... The Kensington runestone is a roughly rectangular slab of greywacke covered in runes on its face and side. ... The Maine penny is a Norwegian silver penny dating to the reign of Olaf Kyrre. ... A rune stone Rune stones are somewhat flat standing stones with runic stone carvings from the Iron Age (Viking Age) and early middle ages found in most parts of Scandinavia. ...

Possible locations

Including some of the possibilities mentioned above, popular locations for the possible site of Vinland generally include, in order from north to south:

• Newfoundland
• Anticosti Island
• Gaspé Peninsula
• Cape Breton Island
• Nova Scotia
• northeast coast of New Brunswick. Supported by finding a few hickory nut shells at L'Anse aux Meadows. See The Norse Atlantic Sagas by Gwyn Jones.
• coastal Maine (see Maine Penny)
• Cape Cod, Massachusetts
  • Follins Pond, between Dennis and Yarmouth
  • Waquoit Bay, between Falmouth and Mashpee
• Nantucket
• Martha's Vineyard
• Nomans Land (Massachusetts)
• Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (see Newport Tower)

Newfoundland —   IPA: [nuw fÉ™n lænd] (French: , Irish: ) is a large island off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Anticosti - Landsat photo Anticosti Island (French, lÃŽle dAnticosti) is a rocky, forest covered island at the outlet of the Saint Lawrence River into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, in Quebec, Canada, between 49° and 50° N., and between 61° 40 and 64° 30 W.. It is separated on... NASA satellite image of the Gaspé Peninsula. ... For other uses, see Cape Breton. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 11 Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867... This article is about the Canadian province. ... LAnse aux Meadows (from the French LAnse-aux-Méduses or Jellyfish Cove) is a site on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where the remains of a Viking village were discovered in 1960 by the Norwegian explorer Helge Ingstad and... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... The Maine penny is a Norwegian silver penny dating to the reign of Olaf Kyrre. ... This article is about the area of Massachusetts known as Cape Cod. For other uses, see Cape Cod (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Follins Pond is a brackish lake located on Cape Cod in the town of Dennis, Massachusetts. ... Nickname: none Official website: http://www. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Barnstable County Settled 1639 Incorporated 1639 Government  - Type Open town meeting Area  - Town  28. ... Waquoit Bay is a small landlocked tidal bay on the south shore of Cape Cod in the US state of Massachusetts. ... Location in Barnstable County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Barnstable Settled 1660 Incorporated 1686 Government  - Type Representative town meeting  - Town    Administrator Robert Whritenour Area  - Town  54. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Barnstable County Settled 1660 Incorporated 1870 Government  - Type Open town meeting Area  - Town  27. ... Nantucket is an island south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, formed of glacial moraine. ... Map of Marthas Vineyard. ... 1995 USGS Photograph of Nomans Land Island Nomans Land is an uninhabited island 628 acres (2. ... Narragansett Bay, shown in pink. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The Newport Tower. ...

Other usages of the term Vinland

Unofficial Vinland flag as created by the band Type O Negative.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The so-called Vinland flag. The Vinland flag is a contemporary flag first used by the musical group Type O Negative to encompass a variety of front man Peter Steeles interests and political beliefs[1], including his own Icelandic heritage. ... This article is about the band. ...

Ethno-cultural uses of the term Vinland

Vinland is also used as the symbolic name for the cultural and geographic landscape of Canada (Upper Vinland) and the United States (Lower Vinland) which some adherents of modern Germanic Neopaganism groups use to distinguish themselves from other ethno-cultural groups who share the same geographical areas of North America. The Mjolnir is one of the primary symbols of Germanic neopaganism. ...

Vinland flag

Main article: Vinland flag

The term "Vinnland", a variation of "Vinland", is commonly used by the American musical group Type O Negative, who created a flag based around this association. The so-called Vinland flag. The Vinland flag is a contemporary flag first used by the musical group Type O Negative to encompass a variety of front man Peter Steeles interests and political beliefs[1], including his own Icelandic heritage. ... This article is about the band. ...

Other

The name "Vinland" has historically been also an alternative spelling of Finland, for example in some Dutch maps from the 18th century.

See also

• Vinland map
• Helge Ingstad
• Anne Stine Ingstad
• Maine Penny
• Kensington Runestone
• Vinland Saga, a musical album by the band Leaves' Eyes
• Farley Mowat, Canadian author of West Viking, a book analyzing several Norse voyages in the North Atlantic
• Vineland, New Jersey
• Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
  • Henry Sinclair, concerning a purported post-Viking age Norse/Scots voyage to the New World by the 1st Earl of Orkney
  • Madog, a Welsh prince who, according to legend, travelled to America in 1170.
• Skálholt Vinland Map

The Vinland map. ... Ingstad in his trapper days in the late 1920s (photo from his book The Land of Feast and Famine, 1933). ... Dr. Anne Stine Ingstad (1918 – 1997) was a Norwegian archaeologist who, along with her husband Dr. Helge Ingstad, discovered the remains of a Viking settlement at LAnse aux Meadows in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador in 1960. ... The Maine penny is a Norwegian silver penny dating to the reign of Olaf Kyrre. ... The Kensington runestone is a roughly rectangular slab of greywacke covered in runes on its face and side. ... The cover of Vinland Saga. ... Leaves Eyes is a gothic metal band with folk metal elements from Norway/Germany assembled in 2003, shortly before singer Liv Kristine was fired from Theatre of Tragedy. ... For the Sea Shepherd ship, see RV Farley Mowat. ... Main articles: History of Canada, Timeline of Canadian history Canada has been inhabited by aboriginal peoples (known in Canada as First Nations) for at least 40,000 years. ... Vineland highlighted in Cumberland County. ... Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contacts were interactions between the indigenous peoples of the Americas and peoples of other continents – Europe, Africa, Asia, or Oceania – before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ... Henry Sinclair, 1st Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin, and Lord of Shetland (c. ... Earl of Orkney - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... This article is about the legendary Welsh prince. ... Skálholt in winter Skálholt (Old Icelandic: Skálaholt) is an historical site situated in the south of Iceland at the river Hvitá. The village Skálholt consists only of a relatively big church and a few houses. ...

Notes

1. ^ Ingstad, Helge; Ingstad, Anne Stine (2001). The Viking Discovery of America: The Excavation of a Norse Settlement in L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland. Checkmark Books. ISBN 0-8160-4716-2.

External links

• Vikings: The north Atlantic saga; Searching for archeological evidence of Vikings in Labrador and Newfoundland - from The Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History
• Images from L'Anse aux Meadows
• http://www.newfoundlandandlabrador.com/archives/events/vikings_2000.asp
• "Was Vinland in Newfoundland?"- Paper by Einar Haugen, (1906-1994) Professor emeritus of Scandinavian Studies, Harvard University
• The Vikings in Newfoundland
• Skalholt Map The map shows Winlandia as a narrow promontory extending from 53°N to a cape at 56°N. But, the map also shows the position for Bristol, England, at around 56°N. So the "grid" of the map is somewhat inaccurate as Bristol and L'anse Aux Meadows are actually 51°N.

v • d • e Former Colonies and Territories in Canada
Norse:	Helluland • Markland • Vinland
Portuguese:	Labrador • Newfoundland • Nova Scotia
French:	New France  (Acadia • Canada • Terre Neuve)
Scottish:	Nova Scotia • Cape Breton
Spanish:	Nootka Sound  (Fort San Miguel)
English and British:	Newfoundland • Rupert's Land • Nova Scotia • Quebec • Lower and Upper Canada • New Brunswick • Prince Edward Island • Cape Breton • United Canada • British Columbia • Vancouver Island • United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia • North-Western Territory • Stikine Territory