The Death of Orpheus
In Albrecht Dürer's 1494 drawing, the banner hung in the tree reads: Orfeus der erst puseran ("Orpheus, the first sodomite"). The word puseran(t) derives from the Latin bulgarus from which come also the terms bugger in English and bougre in French. Though the drawing could be taken as a Northern European reaction to sodomy, it is actually based on an original, now lost, by the Florentine Andrea Mantegna. The depiction of the fleeing putto is an allusion to the accusation that sodomites pursue little children.

Violence against lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgendered (LGBT), sometimes called hate crimes can occur either at the hands of individuals or groups, or as part of governmental enforcement of laws targeting people who are seen to violate heteronormative rules. ho are merely perceived to be LGBT (but who are actually not) may also be targeted. Derrogatory words such as "Chotch," "Fag," and "Dyke" are too frequently used to victimize an LGBT. Image File history File links Dürer_-_Mort_d'Orphée_(1494). ... Image File history File links Dürer_-_Mort_d'Orphée_(1494). ... The head of Orpheus, from an 1865 painting by Gustave Moreau. ... Self-Portrait (1500) by Albrecht Dürer, oil on canvas, Alte Pinakothek, Munich Albrecht Dürer (älbrekht dürur) (May 21, 1471 – April 6, 1528) [1] was a German painter, printmaker, mathematician, and, with Rembrandt and Goya, the greatest creator of old master prints. ... 1494 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... François Elluin, Sodomites provoking the wrath of God, from Le pot pourri de Loth (1781). ... Florences skyline Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... The Agony in the Garden (1455) is the pinnacle of Mantegnas early style. ... The putto is a figure of a pudgy baby, almost always male, often naked and having wings, found especially in Italian Renaissance art. ... Violence is any act of aggression and abuse which causes or intends to cause injury, in some cases criminal, or harm to persons, and (to a lesser extent) animals or property. ... A lesbian is a female who is exclusively emotionally, sexually, and romantically attracted to other females. ... For other articles with similar names, see Gay (disambiguation). ... Bisexual redirects here. ... Transgender (IPA: , from trans (Latin) and gender (English) ) is an overarching term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies that diverge from the normative gender role (woman or man) commonly, but not always, assigned at birth, as well as the role traditionally held by society. ... A hate crime (bias crime), loosely defined, is a crime committed because of the perpetrators prejudices. ... Heteronormativity is a term used in the discussion of sexual behavior, gender, and society, primarily within the fields of queer theory and gender theory. ...

Anti-LGBT violence can include threats, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, rape, torture, attempted murder, or murder. These actions may be caused by cultural, religious, or political mores and biases, though the extent to which these groups influence violence against LGBT individuals is an ongoing matter of debate. In many common law jurisdictions, the crime of battery involves an injury or other contact upon the person of another in a manner likely to cause bodily harm. ... Sexual assault is any undesired physical contact of a sexual nature perpetrated against another person. ... The word torture is commonly used to mean the infliction of pain to break the will of the victim(s). ... Murder is both a legal and a moral term, that are not always coincident. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The term mores (IPA ) as used in sociology is a plural noun. ... Homophobia is the fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals. ...

Statistics

In the United States, the FBI reported that 72.6% of hate crimes reported to police in 2004 were based on perceived sexual orientation. 61% of these attacks were against gay men, 14% against lesbians, 2% against heterosexuals and 1% against bisexuals, while attacks against GLB people at large made up 20%. [1] Violence based on perceived gender identity was not recorded in the report. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...

State-sponsored violence

Sexual relations between individuals of the same sex have frequently been repressed by the state under pain of mutilation and death. Such events (represented as buggery or sodomy) took place in Europe from the fifth to the twentieth centuries, and in Muslim countries from the beginning of the Muslim era up to and including the present day. Among the states that have historically punished homosexuality with death are: World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ...

The knight von Hohenberg and his squire, being burned at the stake for sodomy, Zurich 1482 (Zurich Central Library)

• The Roman Empire starting under Constantine around 400.
• Abbasid Baghdad under the Caliph Al-Hadi (785-786)
• The City of Florence during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
  • Illustrative victims: Giovanni di Giovanni (1350 – 1365?), Florentine boy, castrated and "burned between the thighs with a red-hot iron" by court order;
• The Swiss canton of Zürich in the Renaissance
  • Illustrative victims: Knight von Hohenberg d. 1482, Swiss knight, burned at the stake together with his lover, his young squire;
• The kingdom of France during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
  • Illustrative victims: Jacques Chausson (1618 – 1661), French minor writer, burned alive for attempting to seduce the son of a nobleman;
• England from the Middle Ages until 1861;
  • Illustrative victims: William Hamilton Maxwell, 1829; King Edward II
• Nazi Germany; see History of gays during the Holocaust
• Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban (1996-2001)

Iranian youths Mahmoud Asgari and Ayaz Marhoni executed in 2005 reportedly because they had been caught having sex with each other.

Present-day countries where homosexuality is still punishable by death: Download high resolution version (500x623, 69 KB)The burning of the knight of Hohenberg with his servant before the walls of Zürich, 1482 Taken from the German-language Wikipedia (:de:Bild:Sodomie. ... Download high resolution version (500x623, 69 KB)The burning of the knight of Hohenberg with his servant before the walls of Zürich, 1482 Taken from the German-language Wikipedia (:de:Bild:Sodomie. ... The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Head of Constantines colossal statue at Musei Capitolini Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[1] (February 27, 272–May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic[2] Christians) Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor, proclaimed Augustus by his troops on... Events First invasion of Italy by Alaric (probable date). ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون, AbbāsÄ«yÅ«n) is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Arab Empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ... Baghdad ( translit: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Abu Abdullah Musa ibn Mahdi al-Hadi (Arabic: أبو عبد اله موسى بن ألمهدى الهادى ) (d. ... Florences skyline Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ... Giovanni di Giovanni (ca. ... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Events Foundation of the University of Vienna Births John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros (died 1394) Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (died 1399) Deaths May 17 - Louis VI the Roman, elector of Brandenburg (born 1328) July 27 - Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (born 1339) Categories: 1365 ... Florences skyline Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ... Events Portuguese fortify Fort Elmina on the Gold Coast Tizoc rules the Aztecs Diogo Cão, a Portuguese navigator, becomes the first European to sail up the Congo. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ... Jacques Chausson (ca. ... Events March 8 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but on May 15 confirms the discovery). ... Events January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... William Hamilton Maxwell (1792 - 1850) was a Scots-Irish novelist. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Edward II, (April 25, 1284 – October, 1327), of Caernarvon, was king of England from 1307 until deposed in January, 1327. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... Prior to the Third Reich, Berlin was considered a liberal city, with many gay bars, nightclubs and cabarets. ... Flag flown by the Taliban. ... Image File history File links This file or image is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links This file or image is copyrighted. ... Iranian youths Mahmoud Asgari and Ayaz Marhoni on the scaffold. ...

• Iran
• Mauritania
• Nigeria
• Pakistan
• Saudi Arabia
• Sudan
• United Arab Emirates
• Yemen

See Homosexuality laws of the world World laws on homosexuality US laws on homosexuality Same-sex unions in Europe. ...

Individual violence

Individuals, singly or in groups, have at times taken it upon themselves (usually flouting the law) to repress those alleged to manifest variant sexual behavior. In some legal jurisdictions in the United States, these acts may be legally classified as hate crimes, which increases the resulting penalty if convicted. A Jewish cemetery in France after being defaced by Neo-Nazis. ...

Some notable incidents of hate-related assaults include:

• Tennessee Williams was the victim of an assault in January 1979 in Key West, being beaten by five teenage boys, but he was not seriously injured. The episode was part of a spate of anti-gay violence inspired by an anti-gay newspaper ad run by a local Baptist minister.
• The fatal stabbing of James Zappalorti, a gay Vietnam veteran (1945 – 1990)
• The rape and later murder of Brandon Teena, a transsexual man (1972 – 1993)
• The beating death of Matthew Shepard, a gay student (1976 – 1998)
• The murder of Pfc Barry Winchell 1999. He was engaged to Calpernia Addams, a transgendered author.
• The bombing of the Admiral Duncan pub by David Copeland in 1999
• The gang-rape and murder of Fannyann Eddy in 2004, shortly after giving a speech about the threats of violence faced by lesbians and gays in Sierra Leone.
• The fatal beating of gay teenager Jeff Whittington in Wellington, New Zealand on May 8, 1999.
• One notorious incident of gay-bashing occurred on September 22, 2000. Ronald Gay entered a gay bar in Roanoke, Virginia and opened fire on the patrons, killing Danny Overstreet and injuring six others. Ronald said he was angry over what his name now meant, and deeply upset that three of his sons had changed their surname. He claimed that he had been told by God to find and kill lesbians and gay men, describing himself as a "Christian Soldier working for my Lord". [2]
• The non-fatal stabbing of Bertrand Delanoë, a gay politician, Mayor of Paris, France, in 2002
• The killing of Gwen Araujo, a transsexual woman (1985 – 2002)
• The killing of Paul Broussard, a Houston-area banker (1968-1991)
• The beating death of Charlie Howard in 1984.
• Aaron Webster, a gay man in Vancouver, British Columbia, was beaten to death in Stanley Park in 2001.
• On June 30, 2005, Yishai Shlisel, an ultra-orthodox Jew stabbed three marchers in a gay pride parade in Jerusalem, Israel, claiming he acted on behalf of God.[3]
• Jody Dobrowski, murdered in 2005 in London.
• On February 2, 2006, 18 year-old Jacob D. Robida allegedly entered a bar in New Bedford, Massachusetts, confirmed that it was a gay bar, and then attacked patrons with a gun and a hatchet, wounding at least three. [4]
• On July 30, 2006, Six men were brutally beaten after leaving the San Diego, California Gay Pride festival. One of the gay men was beaten so badly that he had to undergo extensive facial reconstructive surgery.The attackers were all adults, except for a 15-year-old and were charged with hate crimes.[5]

As the process of identifying presumed homosexuals is purely subjective, violence has been committed against individuals of other orientations who are merely perceived to be gay. Prominent incidents include: Tennessee Williams (1965) Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26, 1911–February 25, 1983), better known by the pen name Tennessee Williams, was a major American playwright and one of the prominent playwrights of the twentieth century. ... Map of Key West Key West is a city located in Monroe County, Florida. ... A Baptist is a member of a Baptist church or any follower of Jesus Christ who believes that baptism is administered by the full immersion of a confessing Christian. ... James Zappalorti (full name James Patrick Zappalorti, 1945–1990), a disabled veteran of the Vietnam War, was the victim of a highly-publicized, fatal gay-bashing attack on Staten Island, New York. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... Brandon Teena (December 12, 1972 - December 31, 1993), born Teena Renae Brandon in Lincoln, Nebraska and known simply as Brandon, was a transgender man who was raped and murdered in an infamous American hate crime of the 1990s. ... A transsexual (sometimes transexual) person establishes a permanent identity with the opposite gender to their assigned (usually at birth) sex. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Matthew Wayne Shepard (December 1, 1976 – October 12, 1998) was an American student at the University of Wyoming, who was attacked by Russell Henderson and Aaron McKinney near Laramie, Wyoming, on the night of October 6 – 7, 1998. ... Students attending a lecture at the Helsinki University of Technology The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation verb stÅ­dÄ“rÄ•, meaning to direct ones zeal at; hence a student is one who directs zeal at a subject. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Barry Winchell (31 August 1977—6 July 1999) was a soldier in the United States Army, whose murder by fellow soldiers became a point of reference in the ongoing debate about the Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy enforced by the military regarding sexual orientation. ... Calpernia Sarah Addams (born 20 February 1971) is an American author, actress and activist in the transgender community. ... The Admiral Duncan pub The Admiral Duncan is a pub in Old Compton Street, Soho in the heart of Londons gay district. ... David Copeland David John Copeland (born May 15, 1976) is a former member of the British neo-Nazi National Socialist Movement who became known as the London nailbomber after a 12-day bombing campaign in April 1999 aimed at Londons black, Asian, and gay communities. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Fannyann Eddy (1974 - 2004) was a grounbreaking activist for lesbian and gay rights in her native Sierra Leone and throughout Africa. ... Wellington (Te Whanganui-a-Tara or Poneke in Māori) is the capital of New Zealand, the countrys second largest urban area and the most populous national capital in Oceania. ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (266th in leap years). ... This article is about the year 2000. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Bertrand Delanoë Bertrand Delanoë (May 30, 1950) ( ) is a French politician, and has been the mayor of Paris since 2001. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A transsexual (sometimes transexual) person establishes a permanent identity with the opposite gender to their assigned (usually at birth) sex. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Paul Broussard (1968–1991), a 27 year-old Houston-area banker, was beaten and stabbed to death in a gay-bashing outside a Houston nightclub on July 4, 1991 by ten teenaged boys. ... Charlie Howard (died July 7, 1984) was a resident of Bangor, Maine in 1984. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... This article refers to the city in British Columbia, Canada. ... An areal view of Stanley Park. ... This article is about the year 2001. ... Haredi Judaism, also called ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Judaism. ... Six color rainbow gay pride flag flying over Castro Street, San Francisco, June 2005 The gay pride or simply pride campaign of the gay rights movement has three main premises: that people should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity, that sexual diversity is a gift, and that... Panoramic view from Mt. ... Jody Dobrowski was a 23-year old bar worker who was murdered on Clapham Common in south London, on the 14th of October 2005. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of the United Kingdom and the largest city of England (strangely, England has no constitutional existence within the United Kingdom, and therefore cannot be said to have a capital). ... Jacob Robida Jacob D. Robida (June 13, 1987 – February 5, 2006) was a Massachusetts teenager who attacked patrons at a Massachusetts gay bar, shot a female companion and ultimately shot himself after fleeing to Norfork, Arkansas. ...   Nickname: The Whaling City A view of New Bedford from the harbor Settled: 1640 â€“ Incorporated: 1787 Zip Code(s): 02740, 02744, 02745, 02746 â€“ Area Code(s): 508 / 774 Official website: http://www. ... A gay bar is a drinking establishment which can vary in character as much as any other type of bar, but which caters exclusively or primarily to a gay and / or lesbian clientele. ... Nickname: Americas Finest City Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates: Country United States State California County San Diego Mayor Jerry Sanders City Attorney Michael Aguirre City Council Scott Peters Kevin Faulconer Toni Atkins Tony Young Brian Maienschein Donna Frye Jim Madaffer Ben Hueso Area    - City 963. ... A hate crime (bias crime), loosely defined, is a crime committed because of the perpetrators prejudices. ...

• ^{[citation needed]} Actor and comedian Norm MacDonald (of Saturday Night Live) was attacked by two men in New York City. They thought he was a gay man because he was well-dressed, with styled hair, and lanky; he was walking through Greenwich Village, a center of the city's gay community. He suffered a concussion.

Norm MacDonald (born October 17, 1963 in Quebec City) is an actor and comedian. ... Saturday Night Live (SNL) is a weekly late night 90-minute American comedy-variety show based in New York City which has been broadcast by NBC nearly every Saturday night since its debut on October 11, 1975. ... Nickname: Big Apple; City that never Sleeps; Gotham Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Manhattan Queens Brooklyn Staten Island Settled 1613 Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (pronounced Grennich Village; also called simply the Village) is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City. ... Torontos Church and Wellesley district, one of the largest gay villages in North America Rainbow flags are displayed in The Castro area of San Francisco as a symbol of gay pride The entrance to Chueca metro station in the Plaza de Chueca (Chueca square) in Madrid, during gay pride...

See also

LGBT rights

Around the world · By country

History · Groups · Activists

Same-sex relationships

Opposition · Persecution

Violence

• Homophobia
• Transphobia
• Gay panic defense
• Hate speech
• Anti-gay slogan

LGBT social movements is a collective term for a number of movements that share related goals of social acceptance of homosexuality and/or transgenderism. ... Image File history File links Gay_flag. ... World laws on homosexuality US laws on homosexuality Same-sex unions in Europe. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Homophobia is the fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals. ... Transphobia refers to various kinds of aversions towards transsexuality and transsexual or transgendered people, often taking the form of refusal to accept a persons expression of their internal gender identity (See Phobia - terms indicating prejudice or class discrimination). ... Gay panic defense is a term used to describe a rare but high-profile legal defense against charges of assault or murder. ... Hate speech is a controversial term for speech intended to degrade, intimidate, or incite violence or prejudicial action against a person or group of people based on their race, gender, age, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, moral or political views, etc. ... Anti-gay slogans are catchphrases or slogans which express opposition to homosexuality in ways which gay rights activists consider to be irrationally hostile or fearful (see homophobia and also anti-gay). ...

External links

• Remembering our Dead, a site which memorializes transgender victims of violence.
• Barry Yeoman, Murder on the Mountain, Out Magazine
• Gay Bashings In Schools- A survey released in 2006 shows that gay teens still experience homophobic attacks in their schools