NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Virginia Beach, Virginia

Virginia Beach (pronounced /vɚˌgɪniʌˈbiːtʃ/) is an independent city located in the South Hampton Roads area in the Commonwealth of Virginia, on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the most populous city in Virginia and the 41st largest city in the United States, with an estimated population of 435,619 in 2006.^[3] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 782 KB) The Virginia Beach oceanfront, boardwalk, and hotels as seen from the Fishing Pier. ... Image File history File links The official flag of the city of Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... Image File history File links Virginia_Beach_Seal. ... Adapted from Wikipedias VA county maps by Seth Ilys. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... 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See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth â€“ approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... 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A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating telephone number ranges to countries, regions, areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks such as mobile phone networks. ... The area colored red indicates the southeast corner of Virginia served by area code 757 North American telephone area code 757 was established July 1, 1996 as a split from area code 804. ... Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ... GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ... An independent city is a city that does not form part of another general-purpose local government entity. ... South Hampton Roads is a region located in the extreme southeastern portion of Virginia in the United States. ... This view from space in July 1996 shows portions of each of the Seven Cities of Hampton Roads which generally surround the harbor area of Hampton Roads, which framed by the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel visible to the east (right), the Virginia Peninsula subregion to the north (top), and the... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Chesapeake Bay - Landsat photo The Chesapeake Bay where the Susquehanna River empties into it. ... Ten most populous cities in the United States Los Angeles San Jose San Diego Phoenix Chicago New York City Houston San Antonio Dallas Philadelphia The following is a list of the most populous incorporated places in the United States. ...

Virginia Beach is the easternmost of the Seven Cities of Hampton Roads which make up the core of the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA. This area, known as "America's First Region", also includes the independent cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Suffolk, as well as other smaller cities, counties and towns of Hampton Roads. The Seven Cities of Hampton Roads are 7 independent cities located in the Hampton Roads region of southeastern Virginia in the United States. ... Newport News, Hampton, Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia from space, July 1996 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA is a U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June, 2003. ... Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent city Founded 1963 Government - Mayor Dalton S. Edge Area - City 350. ... Motto: Americas First Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: County Independent City Mayor Ross Kearney II Area - City 352. ... Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States State Virginia County Independent city Incorporated 1896 Government - Mayor Joe Frank Area - City 119. ... Motto: Crescas (Latin for, Thou shalt grow. ... Map Political Statistics Founded 1752 County Independent city Mayor Dr. James W. Holley III Geographic Statistics Area - Total - Land - Water 120. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Founded 1742 Government - Mayor Linda T. Johnson Area - City 429. ...

Virginia Beach is best known as a resort, with miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels, motels, and restaurants along its oceanfront. It is also home to several state parks, several long protected beach areas, three military bases, a number of large corporations, two universities, and historic sites. Near the point where the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean meet, Cape Henry was the site of the first landing of the English colonists bound for Jamestown on April 26, 1607. Resorts combine a hotel and a variety of recreations, such as swimming pools. ... For other uses, see Beach (disambiguation). ... Cape Henry is a cape on the Atlantic shore of Virginia. ... First Landing State Park (formerly Seashore State Park) offers recreational opportunities at Cape Henry in then independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of Christopher Newports 3 ships are docked in the harbour. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The city is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having the longest pleasure beach in the world. It is located at the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, the longest bridge-tunnel complex in the world.^[4] Suresh Joachim, minutes away from breaking the ironing world record at 55 hours and 5 minutes, at Shoppers World, Brampton. ... Articles with similar titles include Chesapeake Bay Bridge. ... Aerial view of parallel trestles and one of four man-made islands which anchor tunnel portions of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in Virginia, longest in the world A bridge-tunnel is a water crossing facility which uses a combination of bridge and tunnel structures. ...

History

Chesepians were the first inhabitants of the area now known as South Hampton Roads in Virginia of which anything is known.^[5] The Algonquian word "Chesepioc" means "Great Shellfish Bay", a reference to the Chesapeake Bay. They occupied an area which is now the independent cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake and Virginia Beach.^[6] // The first landfall of the Jamestown colonists in 1607 was at Cape Henry, in the northeastern part of todays city, however the settlers left the area due to the inability to grow food and the need for a more sheltered site further inland. ... Princess Anne County (1691-1963), now extinct, from 1895 Virginia map Princess Anne County is an extinct county which was located in colonial Virginia and the State of Virginia in the United States from 1691 until 1963. ... Chesepian were Native American (American Indian) inhabitants of the area now know as South Hampton Roads in Virginia during the Woodland Period and later prior to the arrival of the English settlers in 1607. ... The Algonquian (also Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ...

In 1607, after a voyage of 144 days, three ships headed by Captain Christopher Newport carrying 105 men and boys made their first landfall in the New World where the Atlantic Ocean meets the southern mouth of the Chesapeake Bay in the northeastern part of the city. They named it Cape Henry, after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of King James I of England. However, these English colonists of the Virginia Company of London left the area, as they were under orders to seek a site further inland which would be more sheltered from ships of competing European countries. They created their first permanent settlement at Jamestown. ^[7] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2048 Ã— 1536 pixel, file size: 618 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Virginia Beach, Virginia... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2048 Ã— 1536 pixel, file size: 618 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Virginia Beach, Virginia... Christopher Newport (c. ... Henry Stuart, Prince of Wales Henry Frederick Stuart, Prince of Wales (February 19, 1594 - November 6, 1612) was the eldest son of King James VI of Scotland/James I of England and Anne of Denmark. ... James VI and I (19 June 1566 â€“ 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary... Virginia Company of London Seal The London Company (also called the Charter of the Virginia Company of London) was an English joint stock company established by royal charter by James I on April 10, 1606 with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America. ...

Adam Thoroughgood (1604-1640) of King's Lynn, Norfolk, England is one of the earliest Englishmen to settle in the area which became Virginia Beach. At the age of 18, he became an indentured servant to pay for passage to the Virginia Colony. He earned his freedom and became a leading citizen of the area. In 1629, he was elected to the House of Burgesses for Elizabeth City (or "cittie" (sic) as it was then called).^[8] Our colloquium participants visited the Thoroughgood house in Norfolk. ... , Kings Lynn is a town and port in Norfolk, England. ... Norfolk (pronounced ) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... An indentured servant (also called a bonded laborer) is a labourer unde from the employer in exchange for an extension to the period of their indenture, which could thereby continue indefinitely. ... The 1609 charter for the Virginia colony from sea to sea The Virginia Colony refers to the English colony in North America that existed during the 17th and 18th centuries before the American Revolution. ... Patrick Henry before the House of Burgesses in an 1851 painting by Peter F. The House of Burgesses was the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619. ... Elizabeth City (or citiie as it was then called) was one of four incorporations established in the Virginia Colony in 1619 by the proprietor, the Virginia Company. ...

In 1634, the Colony was divided into shires, soon renamed counties. Thoroughgood is credited with using the name of his home in England when helping name New Norfolk County in 1637. The following year, New Norfolk County was split into Upper Norfolk County (soon renamed Nansemond County) and Lower Norfolk County. Thoroughgood's choice of residence after 1634 was along the Lynnhaven River, also named for his home in England. Lower Norfolk County was quite large, and stretched all the way from the Atlantic Ocean west past the Elizabeth River, encompassing the entire area now within the modern cities of Portsmouth, Norfolk, Chesapeake, and Virginia Beach.^[8] A shire is an administrative area of Great Britain and Australia. ... A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. ... New Norfolk County is a long-extinct county which was located in colonial Virginia from 1636 until 1637. ... Upper Norfolk County is an extinct county which was located in colonial Virginia from 1637 until 1646. ... Nansemond County, now extinct, existed in Virginia from 1646 to 1972 (from 1895 map) Nansemond County is an extinct county which was located in colonial Virginia and the State of Virginia in the United States from 1646 until 1972. ... Lower Norfolk County is a long-extinct county which was located in colonial Virginia from 1637 until 1691. ... Lynnhaven River is located in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia and flows into the Chesapeake Bay west of Cape Henry at Lynnhaven Inlet. ... The Elizabeth River is a short tidal estuary forming an arm of Hampton Roads at the southern end of Chesapeake Bay in southeast Virginia in the United States. ...

In 1691, Lower Norfolk County was divided to form Norfolk County and Princess Anne County. Princess Anne, the easternmost county in South Hampton Roads, extended northward from the North Carolina border to Cape Henry at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, and included all of the area fronting the Atlantic Ocean. Princess Anne County was to last from 1691 to 1963, over 250 years.^[9] Norfolk County, Virginia (from 1895 map), existed from 1691-1963, now extinct Norfolk County is an extinct political subdivision in eastern Virginia. ... Princess Anne County (1691-1963), now extinct, from 1895 Virginia map Princess Anne County is an extinct county which was located in colonial Virginia and the State of Virginia in the United States from 1691 until 1963. ...

The small resort area of Virginia Beach grew in Princess Anne County beginning in the late 19th century, particularly after the 1888 arrival of rail service and electricity and the opening of the original Princess Anne Hotel at the oceanfront near the tiny community of Seatack. In 1891, guests at the new hotel watched the wreck and rescue efforts of the United States Life-Saving Service for the Norwegian bark Dictator. The ship's figurehead, which washed up on the beach several days later, was erected as a modest monument to the victims and rescuers along the oceanfront for more than 50 years, and later became the inspiration for the current matching Norwegian Lady Monuments in Virginia Beach, and Moss, Norway. ^[10] Princess Anne County from 1895 Virginia map File links The following pages link to this file: Princess Anne County, Virginia Categories: NowCommons | Author died more than 100 years ago public domain images ... Princess Anne County from 1895 Virginia map File links The following pages link to this file: Princess Anne County, Virginia Categories: NowCommons | Author died more than 100 years ago public domain images ... Seatack, Virginia was located in Princess Anne County and is part of the Oceanfront resort strip and adjacent area of the independent city of Virginia Beach. ... The United States Life-Saving Service was a Federal agency that grew out of private and local humanitarian efforts to save the lives of shipwrecked mariners and passengers. ... William O. Foss The Norwegian Lady and the Wreck of the Dictator. ... http://www. ...

Although the resort was initially dependent upon railroad and electric trolley service, the completion of Virginia Beach Boulevard in 1922, which extended from Norfolk to the oceanfront, opened the way for automobiles, buses, trucks, and passenger rail service, the latter of which was eventually discontinued. The growing resort of Virginia Beach became an incorporated town in 1906. In 1927 The Cavalier Hotel opened and became an extremely popular vacation spot for both the wealthy and celebrities of the time. Over the next 45 years, Virginia Beach continued to grow in popularity as a seasonal vacation spot, and casinos gave way to amusement parks and family-oriented attractions. Virginia Beach became a tiny independent city, politically independent from Princess Anne County in 1952, although the numerous ties between Virginia Beach and Princess Anne remained. In 1963, after approval by referendum of the voters of the City of Virginia Beach and Princess Anne County, and with the approval of the Virginia General Assembly, the two political subdivisions were consolidated as a new, much larger independent city, retaining the better-known name of the Virginia Beach resort.^[11] This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... A modern tram in the Töölö district of Helsinki, Finland A tram (or tramway, trolley, streetcar, tramcar, Straßenbahn) is a railborne vehicle (lighter than a train) for transport of passengers (or, occasionally, freight). ... Virginia Beach Boulevard was established in 1922 as a concrete roadway extending from the eastern outskirts of the City of Norfolk through Norfolk County and Princess Anne County to the Oceanfront area of the Town of Virginia Beach in the Hampton Roads region of southeastern Virginia. ... Car redirects here. ... Autobus redirects here. ... For other uses, see Truck (disambiguation). ... An incorporated town in the United States is a town which is an incorporated municipality, that is, one with a charter received from the state, similar to a city. ... The Virginia General Assembly is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Virginia, a U.S. state. ...

Real estate, defense, and tourism are major sectors of the Virginia Beach economy, but the city has begun to run out of clear land available for new construction above the Green Line, an urban growth boundary dividing the urban northern and rural southern sections of the city.^[12] UGB redirects here. ...

As such, while Virginia Beach does not have a redevelopment authority, local public and private groups have maintained a vested interest in real-estate redevelopment, resulting in a number of joint public-private projects such as commercial parks. Examples of this are the Virginia Beach Convention Center, the Oceanfront Hilton Hotel, and the Virginia Beach Town Center. Using tax increment financing through creation of special tax districts and street and infrastructure construction, the City was able to assist in financing the projects making them a reality. The Town Center opened in 2003 and still has construction taking place, while the Convention Center opened in 2005. ^[13] ^[14] Virginia Beach Town Center is a group of offices, stores, and restaurants in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ...

In addition, some unique structures like Alan B. Sheppard Dome ("The Dome"), a geodesic dome and convention center designed by Buckminster Fuller and built in the 1960s which was dedicated to the career of astronaut Alan Shepard, were destroyed by the city ^[15]. Spaceship Earth in Epcot Center at Walt Disney World is perhaps one of the most famous examples of a large scale geodesic sphere. ... Richard Buckminster â€œBuckyâ€ Fuller (July 12, 1895 â€“ July 1, 1983)[1] was an American visionary, designer, architect, poet, author, and inventor. ... For other persons named Alan Shepard, see Alan Shepard (disambiguation). ...

Infill and development of residential neighborhoods has placed a number of operating constraints on Naval Air Station Oceana, a major fighter jet base for the U.S. Navy. While the airbase currently enjoys wide support from Virginia Beach at large, the Pentagon Base Realignment and Closure commission has proposed closure of Oceana within the next decade.^[16] Naval Air Station Oceana is a United States Navy master jet base, located in the city of Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) is a process of the United States federal government directed at the administration and operation of the US Armed Forces, used by the United States Department of Defense and Congress to close excess military installations and realign the total asset inventory in order to save...

Geography and climate

497.3 square miles (1,288.1 km²). 248.3 square miles (643.1 km²) of it is land and 249.0 square miles (645.0 km²) of it (50.07%) is water. The average elevation is 12 feet (4 meters) above sea level. A major portion of the city drains to the Chesapeake Bay by way of the Lynnhaven River and its tributaries. For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ...

The city is located at the southeastern corner of the Tidewater region of Virginia (also known as Hampton Roads), bordering the Atlantic Ocean. The Hampton Roads Metropolitan Statistical Area (officially known as the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA) is the 34th largest in the United States, with a total population of 1,576,370. The area includes the Virginia cities of Norfolk, Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Williamsburg, and the counties of Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, Surry, and York, as well as the North Carolina county of Currituck. While Virginia Beach is the most populated city within the MSA, it actually currently functions more as a suburb. The city of Norfolk is recognized as the central business district, while the Virginia Beach oceanside resort district and Williamsburg are primarily centers of tourism. The Tidewater region of Virginia is the southeastern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia, centered on Hampton Roads. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ... The following is a list (by population) of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the United States Census Bureau. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Founded 1631 Government - Mayor Gordon Heisel, Jr. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Gloucester County is an historical Chesapeake county located on the Middle Peninsula of the U.S. state â€” officially, Commonwealth â€” of Virginia. ... Isle of Wight County is a county located in the South Hampton Roads region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... James City County, Virginia as shown on 1895 map James City County (formally, the County of James City) is a county located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... Mathews County is a county located on the Middle Peninsula in the state of Virginia. ... Surry County is a county located in the South Hampton Roads region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1634 Seat Yorktown Area - Total - Water 558 kmÂ² (216 miÂ²) 285 kmÂ² (110 miÂ²) 50. ... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area Ranked 28th - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 kmÂ²) - Width 150 miles (240 km) - Length 560[1] miles (900 km) - % water 9. ... Currituck County is a county located in the state of North Carolina. ...

The Virginia tidewater area has grown faster than the local freshwater supply. The river water has always been salty, and the fresh groundwater is no longer available in most areas. Currently, water for the tidewater area is pumped through an aqueduct from Lake Gaston, which straddles the Virginia-North Carolina border. The pipeline is 76 miles long and 60 inches in diameter. Much of its follows the former right-of-way of an abandoned portion of the Virginian Railway. ^[18] It is capable of pumping 60 million gallons of water per day(60MGD), Chesapeake is a partner in the project and is allotted 10 MGD.^[19] For other uses, see Aqueduct (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A right-of-way (plural: rights-of-way) is an easement or strip of land granted to a railroad company upon which to build a railroad. ... The Virginian Railway (AAR reporting marks VGN) was a Class I railroad located in Virginia and West Virginia in the United States. ...

Neighborhoods

When the modern city of Virginia Beach was created in 1963, by the consolidation of the 253 square mile (655 km²) Princess Anne County with the 2 square mile (5 km²) City of Virginia Beach, the newly larger city was divided into seven boroughs: Bayside, Blackwater, Kempsville, Lynnhaven, Princess Anne, Pungo, and Virginia Beach.

Virginia Beach has many distinctive communities and neighborhoods within its boundaries, including Chesapeake Beach, Great Neck, Kings Grant, Alanton, Green Run, Bayside, Blackwater, College Park, Croatan Beach, Doyletown, Greenwich, the North End, Kempsville, London Bridge, Lynnhaven, Munden, Oceana, Ocean Park, Pembroke Manor, Pembroke Meadows, Pembroke Shores Princess Anne, Pungo, Salem, Sandbridge, Seatack, Shadowlawn, Thalia, Thoroughgood, and the Oceanfront.^[20] Chesapeake Beach, also known as Chics Beach and Chicks Beach, is a stretch of beaches running about two miles from the Lynnhaven Inlet to just west of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel in Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. What originated as a lookout post during war, the beaches eventually turned... Kings Grant is a neighborhood located within the Lynnhaven Borough of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. Major transportation routes within Kings Grant include Kings Grant Road and Little Neck Road. ... Alanton is a residential neighborhood in the northern part of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. The community was named for Alan McCullough, a prominent Virginia architect, but developed by his father. ... Green Run is an unincorporated community within the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. The Virginia Beach Branch of Tidewater Community College is located here. ... Bayside is an unincorporated community within the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. Bayside lies in northern Virginia Beach in the vicinity of the intersection of U.S. Route 13 and U.S. Route 60. ... Croatan Beach is an affluent residential neighborhood in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. Croatan Beach is located south of Rudee Inlet, near the Virginia Beach resort oceanfront. ... Kempsville was formerly an unincorporated town which was located in Princess Anne County, Virginia. ... London Bridge is an unincorporated community within the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. It is located at the corner of Great Neck Road and Virginia Beach Boulevard, where Laskin Road begins. ... Oceana is a major unincorporated community within Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. Adjacent to Oceana is the Oceana Naval Air Station. ... Pembroke Manor (also known as Pembroke) is an area in the heart of the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA located around the intersections of Virginia Beach Boulevard (U.S. Route 58) and Independence Boulevard (Virginia State Route 225). ... Princess Anne is a community located in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA at the junction of Princess Anne Road and North Landing Road near the West Neck River. ... Pungo is a rural community located in the southern portion of the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. Because the community is located in an independent city, there has been no individual census for the unincorporated town, which was originally located in Princess Anne County until 1963. ... Salem is a residential area of Virginia Beach, Virginia located in the southern part of the independent city. ... Sandbridge Beach is a small beachside community in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia south of the Resort Oceanfront and the Dam Neck Naval Station. ... Thalia is a residential neighborhood in northeastern Virginia Beach, Virginia. ...

Climate

The climate of Virginia Beach can be considered humid subtropical, due to the moderating effect of the ocean. However, winters can bring prolonged cold periods, but snow is quite rare. Summers are hot and humid with warm evenings. The mean annual temperature is 60 °F (15 °C), with an average annual snowfall of 2.5 inches and an average annual rainfall of 45 inches. The wettest seasons are the spring and summer, although rainfall is fairly constant all year round. The highest recorded temperature was 103°F (39°C) in August 1957, and the lowest recorded temperature was -11°F (-24°C) in January 1985.^[21],^[22] Humid subtropical climates are characterized by hot, humid summers and cool to mild winters. ... For other uses, see Summer (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ...

Additionally, the geographic location of the city, with respect to the principal storm tracks, is especially favorable, as it is south of the average path of storms originating in the higher latitudes, and north of the usual tracks of hurricanes and other major tropical storms.^[23]

Demographics

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 425,257 people, 154,455 households, and 110,898 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,712.7 people per square mile (661.3/km²). There were 162,277 housing units at an average density of 653.6/sq mi (252.3/km²). The United [[States Census of 1790 was the first Census conducted in the United States. ... The Seventh Census of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census, determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876 â€” an increase of 35. ... 1900 US Census The Twelfth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21. ... The Thirteenth United States Census was taken in 1910. ... The Fourteenth United States Census was taken in 1920. ... The Fifteenth United States Census was taken in 1930. ... The Sixteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7. ... The Seventeenth United States Census was taken in 1950. ... The Eighteenth United States Census was taken in 1960. ... The Nineteenth United States Census was taken in 1970. ... The Twentieth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11. ... The Twenty-first United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ...

The racial makeup of the city was 71.41% White (69.46% non-Hispanic white), 18.95% African American, 0.38% Native American, 4.91% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 1.51% from other races, and 2.75% from two or more races. 4.18% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The term white American (often used interchangeably and incorrectly with Caucasian American[2] and within the United States simply white[3]) is an umbrella term that refers to people of European descent residing in the United States. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... An Asian American is a person of Asian ancestry or origin who was born in or is an immigrant to the United States. ... // Demographics in 2000 US Census Pacific Islander Americans represent the smallest group counted on the 2000 US Census. ... It has been suggested that Ethnicity (United States Census) be merged into this article or section. ... Hispanic Americans (Spanish: Hispano Americano) are Americans of Hispanic ethnicity who largely identify with the Hispanic cultural heritage. ...

There were 154,455 households out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.14. Matrimony redirects here. ...

The age distribution is 27.5% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 34.3% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,705, and the median income for a family was $53,242. Males had a median income of $33,756 versus $25,979 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,365. About 5.1% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over. The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Economy

Virginia Beach is best known for its tourism but the military and agribusiness sectors contribute to the City's economy. The City's economy also contains a large retail component. Major companies headquartered in Virginia Beach include Lillian Vernon and Stihl, Inc. (North American headquarters). Other major employers include GEICO, Amerigroup, Corp., and Navy Exchange Service Command.^[27] Lillian Vernon Corporation is an American catalog merchant and online retailer that sells household, childrens and fashion accessory products. ... The Government Employees Insurance Company, usually known by the acronym GEICO, is an American auto insurance company. ...

Tourism produces a large share of Virginia Beach's economy. With an estimated $857 million spent in tourism related industries, 14,900 jobs cater to 2.75 million visitors. City coffers benefit as visitors provide $73 million in revenue. Virginia Beach opened a Convention Center in 2005 which caters to large group meetings and events. Hotels not only line the Oceanfront but also cluster around Virginia Beach Town Center and other parts of the City. Restaurants and entertainment industries also directly benefit from Virginia Beach's tourism.^[28]

Virginia Beach has a large argibusiness sector which produces $80 million for the city economy. One hundred-seventy-two farms exist in Virginia Beach, mostly below the greenline in the southern portion of the City. Farmers are able to sell their goods and products at the City's Farmer's Market.^[29]^[30]

Virginia Beach is home to several United States Military bases. These include the United States Navy's NAS Oceana and FTC Dam Neck, and the United States Army's Fort Story located at Cape Henry. Additionally, NAB Little Creek is located mostly within the city of Virginia Beach but carries a Norfolk address. ^[31] The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... USN redirects here. ... Naval Air Station Oceana IATA: NTU, ICAO: KNTU), also known as NAS Oceana, is a military airport located in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and is a United States Navy Master Jet Base (a base that offers 24 hour service and fuel). ... FTC Dam Neck is the home of the Fleet Combat Training Center Atlantic of the U.S. Navy. ... The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ... Fort Story is a facility of the U.S. Army located in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia at Cape Henry. ... The Naval Amphibious Base, Little Creek is the major operating base for the Amphibious Forces in the United States Navys Atlantic Fleet. ...

NAS Oceana is the largest employer in Virginia Beach; it was decreed by the 2005 BRAC Commission that NAS Oceana must close unless the city of Virginia Beach condemn houses in areas designated as "Accident Potential Zones." This action has never been the position of the United States Navy; indeed, the Navy had not recommended NAS Oceana to the BRAC Commission for potential closure. The issue of closure of NAS Oceana remains unresolved as of May, 2007.^[16]

Both NAS Oceana and FTC Dam Neck are considered to be the largest of their respective kind in the world. Furthermore, located in nearby Norfolk is the central hub of the United States Navy's Atlantic Fleet, Norfolk Navy Base.^[32] The Atlantic Fleet (USLANTFLT) of the United States Navy is the part of the Navy responsible for operations in around the Atlantic Ocean. ... , NS Norfolk logo Naval Station Norfolk, in Norfolk, Virginia, is a base of the United States Navy, supporting naval forces operating in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Indian Ocean. ...

Culture

As with most of Virginia (the Northern Virginia/Washington D.C metro area being the notable exception), Virginia Beach is most often associated with the larger American South. People who have grown up in the Hampton Roads area have a unique Tidewater accent which sounds different than a stereotypical Southern accent. Vowels have a longer pronunciation than in a regular southern accent.^[33] Map of Northern Virginia Northern Virginia (NoVA) consists of Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William counties and the independent cities of Alexandria, Falls Church, Fairfax, Manassas, and Manassas Park. ... The U.S. Southern states or The South, known during the American Civil War era as Dixie, is a distinctive region of the United States with its own unique historical perspective, customs, musical styles, and cuisine. ... This view from space in July 1996 shows portions of each of the Seven Cities of Hampton Roads which generally surround the harbor area of Hampton Roads, which framed by the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel visible to the east (right), the Virginia Peninsula subregion to the north (top), and the... Tidewater Accent is a American English accent. ... // Southern American English as defined by the monophthongization of to before obstruents (Labov, Ash, and Boberg 2006:126). ...

The city is home to several points of interest in the historical, scientific, and performing arts areas, and has become a popular tourist destination in recent years. The Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center (formerly the Virginia Marine Science Museum) is a popular aquarium near the oceanfront that features the 300,000-gallon Norfolk Canyon Aquarium, containing sand tiger, nurse and brown sharks, as well as sting rays and other large open-ocean dwellers. There is also a 70,000-gallon sea turtle aquarium, sea turtle hatchling laboratory, hands-on ocean exploration exhibits, jellyfish and octopus aquariums, and even a life-size model of a humpback whale. Other features include the Owls Creek salt marsh and a nature trail.^[34] For other uses, see Shark (disambiguation). ... This article is about the fish. ... Genera Family Cheloniidae (Oppel, 1811) Caretta Chelonia Eretmochelys Lepidochelys Natator Family Dermochelyidae Dermochelys Family Protostegidae (extinct) Family Toxochelyidae (extinct) Family Thalassemyidae (extinct) Sea turtles (Superfamily Chelonioidea) are turtles found in all the worlds oceans except the Arctic Ocean . ...

The Verizon Wireless Virginia Beach Amphitheather features a wide variety of popular shows and concerts, ranging from Kenny Chesney to Gretchen Wilson to Coldplay to Ozzfest. The Sandler Center, a 1200-seat performing arts theatre, opened in the Virginia Beach Town Center in November, 2007.^[35] Kenny Chesney (born Kenneth Arnold Chesney, March 26, 1968 in Knoxville, Tennessee[1] ) is an American country music singer-songwriter. ... Gretchen Frances Wilson (born June 26, 1973) is an American country music singer and guitarist. ... Coldplay are an English rock band. ... Ozzfest is an annual tour of the United States (and in some years, Europe) featuring performances by many Heavy Metal, Metalcore, Death Metal, Hardcore and Nu Metal groups. ...

Virginia Beach is home to many sites of historical importance, and has 18 sites on the National Register of Historic Places. Such sites include the Adam Thoroughgood House (one of the oldest surviving colonial homes in Virginia), the Francis Land House (a 200-year-old plantation), the Cape Henry Lights and nearby Cape Henry Light Station (a second tower), Bayville Farm, DeWitt Cottage, Ferry Farm Plantation, Dr. John Miller-Masury House, Adam Keeling House, Old Donation Church, Pembroke Manor, Pleasant Hall, Shirley Hall (Devereaux House), Thomas Murray House, U.S. Coast Guard Station (Seatack), Upper Wolfsnare (Brick House Farm), Weblin House, and Wishart Boush House and Wolfsnare.^[36] A typical plaque showing entry on the National Register of Historic Places. ... Most likely the house of the grandson of Adam Thoroughgood, an indentured servant who arrived in Virginia in 1621 and was granted a piece of land in 1636. ... Dating from the late 17th century, the Adam Keeling House is the second oldest house in Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. Situated on Adam Keeling Road in Great Neck Point on the Lynnhaven River, it is known for decorative glazed headers and a center hall design, which is common in Tidewater...

The Edgar Cayce Hospital for Research and Enlightenment was established in Virginia Beach in 1928 with 60 beds. Cayce was a psychic from Kentucky who claimed healing abilities and made prophesies. Cayce resided in Virginia Beach until he died on 3 January 1945. His followers are still active in Virginia Beach. Atlantic University was opened by Cayce in 1930; it closed two years later but was re-opened in 1985. Atlantic University was originally intended for study of Cayce's readings and research on spiritual subjects.^[37] Edgar Cayce (March 18, 1877 â€“ January 3, 1945) (pronounced or like Casey) was an American who claimed psychic abilities. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area Ranked 37th - Total 40,444 sq mi (104,749 kmÂ²) - Width 140 miles (225 km) - Length 379 miles (610 km) - % water 1. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Atlantic University was a university in Virginia Beach, Virginia which is associated with the Edgar Cayce organization, the Association for Research and Enlightenment (ARE). ...

Sports

Virginia Beach has no major league professional sports teams or spectator sports. Since Norfolk contains the central business district of Hampton Roads, most of the major spectator sports are located there. While the Hampton Roads area has been recently considered as a viable prospect for major-league professional sports, and regional leaders have attempted to obtain Major League Baseball, NBA and NHL franchises in the recent past, no team has yet relocated to the area.^[38] Major Leagues redirects here. ... NBA redirects here. ... NHL redirects here. ...

There are two soccer teams, the Hampton Roads Piranhas, a men's team in the USL Premier Development League, and a women's team by the same name in the W-League, the de facto top women's league after the suspension of the Women's United Soccer Association. The Piranhas play at the main stadium of the Virginia Beach Sportsplex, which also contains the central training site for the U.S. women's national field hockey team.^[39] Soccer redirects here. ... The Hampton Roads Piranhas are a W-League club based in the Hampton Roads area. ... The USL Premier Development League (PDL) is the amateur league of the United Soccer Leagues in the United States and Canada, forming part of the American Soccer Pyramid. ... The W-League is the first modern womens soccer league in the United States pyramid. ... The Womens United Soccer Association (WUSA) was the worlds first womens soccer league in which all the players were paid professionals. ... Virginia Beach Sportsplex is a sports complex in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... A game of field hockey in progress Field hockey is a popular sport for men, women and children in many countries around the world. ...

The city is also home to the East Coast Surfing Championships, an annual contest of more than 100 of the world's top professional surfers and an estimated 400 amateur surfers. This is North America's oldest surfing contest, and features combined cash prizes of $40,000.^[40]

There are also eleven golf courses open to the public in the city, as well as four country club layouts and 36 military holes at NAS Oceana's Aeropines course. Among the best-known public courses are Hell's Point Golf Club and Virginia Beach National, the latter of which hosts the Virginia Beach Open, a Nationwide Tour event, each April.^[41] This article is about the sport of golf. ... // Golfs Nationwide Tour is the developmental tour for the U.S. based PGA Tour, and features professional golfers who have either failed to score well enough at that levels Qualifying School (the main tours qualifying tournament, popularly referred to as Q-School) to earn their PGA Tour...

The North American Sand Soccer Championship is held once a year at the beach. The tournament includes the Pro/Am competition, which brings teams from all over the world to compete in the tournament.^[42]

Virginia Beach is host to a Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon each year on Labor Day weekend in conjunction with the American Music Festival. It is one of the largest Half Marathons in the world. The final 3 miles are on the boardwalk.^[43]

Parks and Recreation

Virginia Beach is home to 208 city parks, encompassing over 4,000 acres (16 km²), including neighborhood parks, community parks, district parks, and other open spaces. Each park is unique and offers something for everyone, from wide open spaces to playgrounds, picnic shelters, and ballfields.^[44]

Perhaps one of the most well-known parks is the world-renowned Mount Trashmore Park, clearly visible from I-264 as you're traveling to the oceanfront. The park is 165 acres (668,000 m²). The mountain is 60 ft (18 m) high and over 800 ft (240 m) long, and was created by compacting layers of solid waste and clean soil. The park also features two lakes: Lake Windsor and Lake Trashmore. Lake Trashmore is stocked with fish, but is unsanitary to fish in. Residents can also take advantage of a skate park.^[45] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 398 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (2000 Ã— 3008 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 398 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (2000 Ã— 3008 pixel, file size: 1. ... Genoese admiral Andrea Doria as Neptune, by Agnolo Bronzino. ... Mount Trashmore is a park in Virginia Beach, Virginia made of trash, and constructed in the 1970s. ...

Another major park in the city is Great Neck Park, a 70 acre (283,000 m²) park located in the Lynnhaven District. Facilities include five large group shelters, mini-shelters, family picnic tables and grills, three playgrounds, horseshoe pits, volleyball courts, vending machines, walking trails, four baseball fields, as well as a gazebo located at the end of a scenic walkway overlooking the Lynnhaven River.^[46]

The Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge, established in 1938, is an 8,000 acre (32 km²) fresh water refuge that borders the Atlantic Ocean on the east and Back Bay on the west. The barrier islands feature large sand dunes, maritime forests, fresh water marshes, ponds, ocean beach, and large impoundments for wintering wildfowl. It is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.^[47] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (2160 Ã— 1440 pixel, file size: 630 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture of rental bike available along Virginia beach I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (2160 Ã— 1440 pixel, file size: 630 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture of rental bike available along Virginia beach I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Virginia is located in the independent city of Virginia Beach. ... The USFWS logo The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is a unit of the United States Department of the Interior that is dedicated to managing and preserving wildlife. ...

First Landing State Park and False Cape State Park are both located in coastal areas within the city's corporate limits as well. Both offer camping facilities, cabins, and outdoor recreation activities in addition to nature and history tours. ^[48] ^[49] First Landing State Park (formerly Seashore State Park) offers recreational opportunities at Cape Henry in then independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... False Cape State Park offers recreational opportunities at Sandbridge in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia. ...

Munden Point is a park located in the deep southern end of the city, which is known for being rural.^[50] An aerial view of Munden Point Park. ... Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China Rural areas (also referred to as the country, countryside) are settled places outside towns and cities. ...

Additionally, the famous three-mile (5 km) boardwalk at the oceanfront is often packed with fascinating entertainment, outdoor cafes, concerts and people. Made of concrete, the boardwalk links forty hotels and other attractions and has a bike path.^[51]

Ocean Breeze Waterpark, Shipwreck Golf, and Motor World are the City's amusement parks, which were formerly called Ocean Breeze Fun Park. As separate parks, they provide miniature golf, go-karts, water slides, pools, climbing wall, paintball area, and kiddie rides.^[52] ^[53]

Naval Aviation Monument Park was formally dedicated on May 6, 2006, by the Hampton Roads Squadron of the Naval Aviation Foundation Association. Planned since 1997 in partnership with the City of Virginia Beach, the park features heroic-scale statuary and reliefs to tell the history of Naval Aviation.^[54] is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

Government

Virginia Beach was chartered as a municipal corporation by the General Assembly of Virginia on January 1, 1963. The city currently operates under the council-manager form of government.^[55] is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ...

The city's legislative body consists of an 11 member city council. The city manager is appointed by the council and acts as the chief executive officer. Through his staff, he implements policies established by the council.^[56] A city council is the most common style of legislative government in a city or town. ... The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ...

Members of the city council normally serve four-year terms and are elected on a staggered basis. General elections are held the first Tuesday in May in even-numbered years. All registered voters are eligible to vote for all council members. Three council members and the mayor serve on an "at large" basis with no district residency requirement. All others are required to live in the district they represent.^[55] A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ...

The mayor is elected to a four-year term through direct election. The mayor presides over council meetings, and serves as the ceremonial head and spokesperson of the city. A vice mayor is also elected by the city council at the first meeting in July following a council election.^[56]

Virginia Beach has a Housing and Neighborhood Preservation division which aims to promote healthy neighborhoods and allow access to affordable housing. This division provides assistance to area neighborhoods including federal and state resources, support for neighborhood groups, training seminars, code enforcement assistance, and youth activities. The City police also offer resources and networking for the neighborhoods.^[57] ^[58]

Education

According to the U.S. Census, 28.1% of the population over twenty-five (vs. a national average of 24%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 90.4% (vs. 80% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 714 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Frank W. Cox High School Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 714 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Frank W. Cox High School Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... The United States Census is a decennial census mandated by the United States Constitution. ...

The city of Virginia Beach is home to Virginia Beach City Public Schools, one of the largest school systems in the state and among the 50 largest school divisions in the United States (based on student enrollment). Virginia Beach City Public Schools currently serves 74,682 students, and includes 55 elementary schools, 15 middle schools, 11 high schools which include Landstown, Princess Anne, Cox, Tallwood, Salem, First Colonial, Kellam, Green Run, Kempsville, Bayside, and Ocean Lakes High Schools as well as a number of secondary/post-secondary specialty schools and centers such as the Advanced Technology Center (ATC), which provides excellent courses for those trying to gain a place in the technology field. Ocean Lakes maintains a rigorous math and science academy, while Bayside houses a health sciences academy. Landstown High School contains a Technology Academy, which helps prepare students for jobs in Business Marketing, Information Technology, and/or Engineering. First Colonial High School is home to a legal studies academy, Tallwood has recently founded a world studies academy, and Princess Anne is an International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme school. Specialized courses are offered at all these academies, even though they occasionally overlap courses offered at other specialized centers, such as Landstown and the ATC - less than 1 mile away. ^[59] Virginia Beach City Public Schools in the independent city of Virginia Beach, Virginia is the second largest school system in Virginia and among the 50 largest school divisions in the United States (based on student enrollment). ... Primary or elementary education is the first years of formal, structured education that occurs during childhood. ... Middle school and junior high school cover a period of education that straddles primary education and secondary education and serve as a bridge between them. ... High school, or secondary school, is the last segment of compulsory education in Hong Kong, United States, Australia, Canada, China, Korea and Japan. ... Landstown High School and Technology Academy is a public secondary school located in Virginia Beach, Virginia which first opened in 2001. ... Princess Anne High School (PAHS) is the oldest remaining high school in Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States. ... Frank W. Cox High School is a large high school in the Great Neck subdivision of Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. It was founded in 1961 as the Northeast Junior High School, but upon opening, it was named after a former superintendent of Virginia Beach City Public Schools, Frank Woodard Cox. ... Tallwood High School is a secondary school located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... Salem High School is a secondary school located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... First Colonial High School is a high school in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... Floyd E. Kellam High School is a public high school in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... Green Run High School is a public secondary school located in suburban Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... Kempsville High School is a secondary school located in Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States. ... Bayside High School is a secondary school located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... Ocean Lakes High School (OLHS) is a public high school in Virginia Beach, Virginia and is located in the citys southeastern section. ... The IB World School logo The International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (often incorrectly referred to as just the IB) is an educational programme taught in one of three languages - English, French or Spanish - and is intended for students in their final two years of secondary school, often before entering university. ...

There are also a number of private, independent schools in the city, including Norfolk Academy, The Hebrew Academy of Tidewater, Cape Henry Collegiate School, Gateway Christian School (a division of Gateway FreeWill Baptist), Bishop Sullivan Catholic High School (formerly Norfolk Catholic), Baylake Pines School, and Virginia Beach Friends School.^[60] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Cape Henry Collegiate School is an non-government co-educational day school in Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. It offers college-preparatory education on a 30-acre campus and has an enrollment of 1,000 students (Prekindergarten through the 12th grade). ... BSCHS logo Bishop Sullivan Catholic High School (known until 2004 as Catholic High School; commonly referred to as Catholic or CHS) is a Roman Catholic secondary school in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ...

Virginia Beach is home to two universities: Regent University, a private university founded by Christian Evangelist and Leader Pat Robertson which has historically focused on graduate education but is attempting to establish an undergraduate program as well^[61]. Atlantic University, associated with the Edgar Cayce organization, the Association for Research and Enlightenment (ARE), offers M.A. degrees in Transpersonal Studies, with many New Age subjects thanks to its Edgar Cayce link.^[37] Old Dominion University and Norfolk State University are in nearby Norfolk and both the University of Virginia and Virginia Tech operate satellite campuses in Virginia Beach.^[62] ^[63] ^[64] ^[65] Tidewater Community College, a major junior college, also has its largest campus located in the city. ^[66]Virginia Wesleyan College, a private liberal arts college, is located near the border with Norfolk.^[67] ECPI College of Technology main campus is located here as well. Additional institutions of higher education are located in other communities of greater Hampton Roads. ^[68] Regent University is an accredited private, interdenominational Christian university that was founded by the American televangelist Pat Robertson in 1978. ... Marion Gordon Pat Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is a televangelist from the United States. ... Atlantic University was a university in Virginia Beach, Virginia which is associated with the Edgar Cayce organization, the Association for Research and Enlightenment (ARE). ... The Association for Research and Enlightenment (A.R.E.) is an open-membership organization devoted to the American psychic Edgar Cayce (1877-1945). ... Old Dominion University (ODU) is a public research university located in Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. It was established in 1930 as the Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. ... Norfolk State University (NSU) is a four-year, state-supported, coed, liberal arts institution, founded in 1935 as the Norfolk State Unit of Virginia Union University (VUU). ... The University of Virginia (also called U.Va. ... This article or section should include material from Virginia Bioinformatics Institute. ... Tidewater Community College [[[Image:tcc_logo. ... Virginia Wesleyan College is a small Methodist liberal arts college on the border of Virginia Beach and Norfolk, Virginia offering a Bachelor of Arts in many disciplines and has added Bachelor of Science programs as well. ... In the history of education, the seven liberal arts comprise two groups of studies, the trivium and the quadrivium. ... ECPI College of Technology ECPI College of Technology is an on-campus (Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina) and online private college providing degree and diploma programs and graduate employment services. ...

Media

Virginia Beach's daily newspaper is the Virginian-Pilot. Alternative papers include the Port Folio Weekly and the New Journal and Guide. The Hampton Roads Business Journal focuses on local business news.^[69] The Virginian-Pilot is a daily newspaper based in Norfolk, Virginia and serving southeastern Virginia, Virginias Eastern Shore, and northeastern North Carolina. ...

Virginia Wesleyan College publishes its own newspaper, Marlin Chronicles.^[69] Hampton Roads Magazine serves as a bi-monthly regional magazine for Virginia Beach and the Hampton Roads area.^[70]Virginia Beach is served by a variety of radio stations on the AM and FM dials, with towers located around the Hampton Roads area.^[71] Virginia Wesleyan College is a small Methodist liberal arts college on the border of Virginia Beach and Norfolk, Virginia offering a Bachelor of Arts in many disciplines and has added Bachelor of Science programs as well. ...

Virginia Beach is also served by several television stations. The Hampton Roads designated market area (DMA) is the 42nd largest in the U.S. with 712,790 homes (0.64% of the total U.S.).^[72] The major network television affiliates are WTKR-TV 3 (CBS), WAVY 10 (NBC), WVEC-TV 13 (ABC), WGNT 27 (CW), WTVZ 33 (MyNetworkTV), WVBT 43 (FOX), and WPXV 49 (ION Television). The Public Broadcasting Service station is WHRO-TV 15. Virginia Beach residents also can receive independent stations, such as WSKY broadcasting on channel 4 from the Outer Banks of North Carolina and WGBS broadcasting on channel 7 from Hampton. Virginia Beach is served by Cox Cable which provides LNC 5, a local 24-hour cable news network. DirecTV and Dish Network are also popular as an alternative to cable television in Virginia Beach. A designated market area is a group of counties in the United States that are covered by a specific television station. ... WTKR is the CBS affiliate serving the Hampton Roads area of Virginia, officially known as the Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News DMA. The station is licensed to Norfolk and broadcasts on channel 3. ... CBSs first color logo, which debuted in the fall of 1965. ... ... The National Broadcasting Company or NBC is an American television broadcasting company based in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... WVEC-TV is the ABC affiliate for the Hampton Roads area of Virginia, which includes Norfolk-Portsmouth, Newport News, and the surrounding area. ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American television network. ... WGNT, channel 27, is the CW-affiliated station for the Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News, Virginia (known collectively as Hampton Roads) market. ... CW may stand for: The CW Television Network (colloquially The CW), a television network which launched in September 2006 as a merger of both the UPN and The WB networks. ... WTVZ is the The WB affiliate serving the Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News, VA television market (Designated Market Area). ... MyNetworkTV (sometimes written My Network TV, and unofficially abbreviated MyNet, MyTV, MNT, or MNTV) is a television network in the United States, owned by News Corporation. ... WVBT-TV is the Fox Network affiliate serving the Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News, VA television market (Designated Market Area). ... FOX redirects here. ... WPXV is the i affiliate for Hampton Roads, licensed to Norfolk, Virginia. ... ION Television is a broadcast and cable television network first broadcast on August 31, 1998 under the name PAX TV (early on in its development, it was called PaxNet). ... PBS redirects here. ... WHRO-TV, channel 15 is the PBS member for Hampton Roads, Virginia (the Norfolkâ€“Portsmouthâ€“Newport News television market (DMA). ... WSKY-TV, which launched around fall 2001, is an independent station serving the Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News, VA television market (DMA) and the Outer Banks of North Carolina. ... WGBS-LP is an mid-power television station in Hampton, Virginia, broadcasting locally on channel 7 and serves the Greater Hampton Roads area. ... Cox Enterprises is the successor to the publishing company founded at Dayton, Ohio, by James Middleton Cox, who began with the Dayton Daily News. ... Logo before switch to channel 5. ... A standard DirecTV satellite dish with 1 LNB on a roof DirecTV (trademarked as DIRECTV) is a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) service based in El Segundo, California, USA, that was founded in 1994. ... DISH Network is a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) service that provides satellite television and audio programming to households and businesses in the United States, owned by parent company EchoStar Communications Corporation. ...

Virginia Beach serves as the headquarters for the Christian Broadcasting Network, located adjacent to Regent University. CBN's most notable program, The 700 Club originates from the Virginia Beach studios.^[73] The Christian Broadcasting Network, or CBN, is, as its name implies, a Christian television broadcasting network in the United States. ... Regent University is an accredited private, interdenominational Christian university that was founded by the American televangelist Pat Robertson in 1978. ... The 700 Club is the flagship news talk show of the Christian Broadcasting Network, airing on cables ABC Family and in syndication throughout the United States and Canada. ...

Several films have been made in or near the city: Deep Impact (1998) in this film after the comet plunges in to the ocean near a sign is shown saying Virginia Beaches, however, the scene was filmed on State Route 234 near Manassas, Virginia, and there is no such sign, 195 miles northwest. The Dark Angel: Psycho Kickboxer (1997), Hearts in Atlantis (2001), Judges (2005), The Killing Kind (2004), Moving (2002), Navy SEALs (1990), The Satan Killer (1993) and Too Young the Hero (1988; TV film). Mission Impossible 3 (2006) was filmed at the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel, which is connected to Virginia Beach.^[73] Deep Impact is a 1998 science fiction disaster film released by Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures. ... State Route 234 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... Manassas redirects here. ... Hearts in Atlantis is a 2001 film directed by Scott Hicks. ... Navy SEALs is a 1990 film, directed by Lewis Teague. ... Mission: Impossible III (abbreviated M:I-III) is the upcoming third film based on the television series Mission: Impossible. ...

Infrastructure

Transportation

Virginia Beach is primarily served by the Norfolk International Airport (IATA: ORF, ICAO: KORF, FAA LID: ORF), now the region's major commercial airport. The airport is located near Chesapeake Bay, along the city limits straddling neighboring Norfolk.^[74] Seven airlines provide nonstop services to twenty five destinations. ORF had 3,703,664 passengers take off or land at its facility and 68,778,934 pounds of cargo were processed through its facilities.^[75] Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport also provides commercial air service for the Hampton Roads area.^[76] The Chesapeake Regional Airport provides general aviation services and is located five miles (8 km) outside the city limits.^[77] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Destinations with direct service from Norfolk Norfolk International Airport (IATA: ORF, ICAO: KORF, FAA LID: ORF) is a public airport located in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. ... An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier [1], is a three-letter code designating many airports around the world, defined by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). ... The ICAO (IPA pronunciation: ) airport code or location indicator is a four-letter alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world. ... FAA redirects here. ... A Location Identifier takes the place of the name and the location of an airport, navigation aid, weather station, and manned air traffic control facility in air traffic control, telecommunications, computer programming, weather reports, and related services. ... Motto: Crescas (Latin for, Thou shalt grow. ... Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport (IATA: PHF, ICAO: KPHF) is an airport located 9 mi (14 km) northwest of Newport News, Virginia, and serves the entire Hampton Roads metropolitan area along with Norfolk International Airport in Norfolk. ... This view from space in July 1996 shows portions of each of the Seven Cities of Hampton Roads which generally surround the harbor area of Hampton Roads, which framed by the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel visible to the east (right), the Virginia Peninsula subregion to the north (top), and the... Chesapeake Regional Airport is a single runway airport located near Chesapeake, Virginia, serving the entire Hampton Roads area. ...

Virginia Beach is served by Amtrak through the Newport News station, via connecting buses. The line runs west along the Virginia Peninsula to Richmond and points beyond. A high speed rail connection at Richmond to both the Northeast Corridor and the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor are also under study.^[78] The high-speed Acela Express in West Windsor, New Jersey. ... Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States State Virginia County Independent city Incorporated 1896 Government - Mayor Joe Frank Area - City 119. ... The Virginia Peninsula is a peninsula in southeast Virginia, bounded by the York River, James River, Hampton Roads and Chesapeake Bay. ... Nickname: Motto: Sic dic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government - Mayor L. Douglas Wilder (I) Area - City 62. ... Most of the NEC (those sections shown in red, except Boston to the Rhode Island state line) is owned by Amtrak. ... Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor (SEHSR) is a passenger rail transportation project in the United States to connect with existing high speed rail corridor from Boston, Massachusetts to Washington, DC known as the Northeast Corridor (served by Amtraks Acela Express and Regional services and many commuter railroads) and extend...

Greyhound provides service from a central bus terminal in adjacent Norfolk. Bus services to New York City via the Chinatown bus, Today's Bus, is located on Newtown Road.^[79] New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

The city is connected to I-64 via I-264, which runs from the oceanfront, intersects with I-64 on the east side of Norfolk, and continues through downtown Norfolk and Portsmouth until rejoining I-64 at the terminus of both roads in Chesapeake where Interstate 664 completes the loop which forms the Hampton Roads Beltway. Travelers to and from Virginia Beach can access the Hampton Roads Beltway in either direction from I-264 in Norfolk to use a choice of the two bridge-tunnel facilities to cross Hampton Roads to reach the Peninsula, Williamsburg, Richmond and points north. Other major roads include Virginia Beach Boulevard (U.S. Route 58), Shore Drive (U.S. Route 60), which connects to Atlantic Avenue at the oceanfront, Northampton Blvd (U.S. Route 13), Princess Anne Road (State Route 165), Indian River Road (former State Route 603), Lynnhaven Parkway, Independence Boulevard, General Booth Boulevard, and Nimmo Parkway. Streets in the oceanfront hotel and entertainment district are arranged in a fairly regular, grid like pattern, with Atlantic Avenue parallel to the shoreline, then Pacific Avenue, and Arctic Avenue going further inland. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Interstate 64 Interstate 64 (abbreviated I-64) is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. ... Interstate 664 (abbreviated I-664) is an interstate highway located in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia in the eastern United States. ... U.S. Route 58 is an east-west U.S. Highway that runs for 508 miles (818 km) from U.S. Route 25E in northeast Tennessee to U.S. Route 60 in Virginia Beach, Virginia. ... U.S. Route 60 in Virginia runs east-west through the central part of the state, generally following the Interstate 64 corridor. ... U.S. Route 13 in Virginia runs north-south through the Hampton Roads and Eastern Shore regions of the state, using the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel to get between the two. ... State Route 165 is a primary state highway in the South Hampton Roads area of the U.S. state of Virginia. ...

The city is also connected to Virginia's Eastern Shore region via the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel (CBBT), which is the longest bridge-tunnel complex in the world and known as one of the Seven Engineering Wonders of the Modern World. The CBBT, a tolled facility carries U.S. Route 13. ^[80] Eastern Shore refers to many places, including: Maryland Eastern Shore Eastern Shore (Nova Scotia) Eastern Shore (electoral district) of Nova Scotia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... U.S. Highway 13 is a north-south United States highway that runs for 526 miles from the northeastern suburbs of Philadelphia to just north of Fayetteville, North Carolina. ...

Transportation within the city, as well as with other Seven Cities of Hampton Roads is served by a regional bus service, Hampton Roads Transit ^[81]. A Hampton Roads Transit bus travels northbound on Pacific Avenue in Virginia Beach. ...

Utilities

Water and sewer services are provided by the City's Department of Utilities. Virginia Beach receives its electricity from Dominion Virginia Power which has local sources including the Chesapeake Energy Center (a gas power plant), coal-fired plants in Chesapeake and Southampton County, and the Surry Nuclear Power Plant. Norfolk headquartered Virginia Natural Gas, a subsidiary of AGL Resources, distributes natural gas to the City from storage plants in James City County and Chesapeake. A Dominion Virginia Power power plant is located in central Virginia, USA beside the James River at Dutch Gap. ... Southampton County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... AGL Resources, Inc. ... AGL Resources, Inc. ... For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ... James City County is a county located on the Virginia Peninsula in the state of Virginia. ...

Virginia Beach receives its water from Lake Gaston. The Virginia tidewater area has grown faster than the local freshwater supply. The river water has always been salty, and the fresh groundwater is no longer available in most areas. Currently, water for the tidewater area is pumped from Lake Gaston, which straddles the Virginia-North Carolina borderm along with the Blackwater and Nottoway rivers. The pipeline is 76 miles (122 km) long and 60 inches (1,500 mm) in diameter. Much of its follows the former right-of-way of an abandoned portion of the Virginian Railway. ^[82] It is capable of pumping 60 million gallons of water per day(60MGD), Norfolk and Chesapeake are partners in the project.^[83] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The City provides wastewater services for residents and transports wastewater to the regional Hampton Roads Sanitation District treatment plants.^[84]

Healthcare

Because of the prominence of the Portsmouth Naval Hospital and V.A. Hospital in Hampton, Virginia Beach has had a strong role in medicine. Virginia Beach is served by Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital and Sentara Bayside Hospital. Sentara Leigh Hospital is just across the city line in Norfolk.^[85]

Sister cities

Virginia Beach has three Sister Cities:^[86] Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ...

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Bangor (in Irish Beannchor) is a town of approximately 80,000 population in County Down, Northern Ireland. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: , Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a constituent country of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 kmÂ², about a sixth of the islands total area). ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Miyazaki (å®®å´Žå¸‚; -shi) is the capital city of Miyazaki Prefecture on Kyushu island of Japan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... http://www. ...

See also

Norwegian Lady Statues are located in the sister cities of Moss, a coastal town and municipality in the county of Ã˜stfold, Norway, and at the Oceanfront (boardwalk) in the coastal resort city of Virginia Beach, Virginia in the United States. ... Wash Woods was a now extinct unincorporated town located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the extreme southeastern corner of Virginia in the current False Cape State Park in the independent city of Virginia Beach. ... False Cape is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the extreme southeastern portion of Virginia. ... Lost counties, cities and towns of Virginia are those which formerly existed in the English Colony of Virginia or the Commonwealth of Virginia as one of the United States. ...

References

^ ^a ^b American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
^ U.S. Census Bureau, 2005 Population Estimates, Census 2000, 1990 Census: http://factfinder.census.gov/
^ Jones, Melissa, Superlatives USA: The Largest, Smallest, Longest, Shortest, and Wackiest: [1]
^ Virginia Beach History Timeline. Princess Anne County/Virginia Beach Historical Society. Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
^ Cape Henry Memorial. U.S. National Park System. Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
^ Moon, Shep. 400 Years of Change. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
^ ^a ^b The Origins of Norfolk's Name. Norfolk Historical Society. Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
^ Norfolk Becomes a Borough. Norfolk Historical Society. Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
^ Foss, William O., The Norwegian Lady and the Wreck of the Dictator. Virginia Beach, Virginia: Noreg Books, 2002. ISBN 0-9721989-0-3
^ Virginia Beach History. VirginiaBeach.com. Retrieved on 2008-03-21.
^ VIRGINIA BEACH'S GREEN LINE: SHOULD THE LINE HOLD?. Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved on 2008-03-21.
^ Town Center. City of Virginia Beach. Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
^ Barbara L. Brewer. Phase I of Virginia Beach Convention Center Set to Open in June. Meetingsnet. Retrieved on 2008-03-21.
^ DOME'S MEMORY WILL LINGER AS A MONUMENT SEVERAL ACTIVITIES ARE PLANNED TO HONOR THE BEACH'S NOW-RAZED FORMER CIVIC CENTER (HTML) (English). Virginian Pilot. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
^ ^a ^b Beach council tightens rules on building around Oceana. Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
^ VA Places, Gaston Pipeline:[2]
^ VA Beach Government, Department of Public Utilities:[3]
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^ Climate information from NOAA.
^ Maximum and minimum temperatures from Yahoo! Weather
^ Information from NOAA.
^ Seasonal Temperature and Precipitation Information from The Weather Channel. Retrieved on October 21, 2007.
^ Data for Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States Census Bureau. Accessed October 9, 2007.
^ Gibson, Campbell. Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States:1790 to 1990, United States Census Bureau, June 1998. Accessed June 12, 2007.
^ Economic Profile. Virginia Beach Economic Development Community. Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
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^ Worldwide Space A Handbook: ISBN 1-881341-13-5. www.nablc.navy.mil
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^ Aquarium & Marine Science Center|accessdate=2008-03-18
^ Center for the Performing Arts|accessdate=2008-03-18
^ Register of Historic Places - Virginia Beach|accessdate=2008-03-18
^ ^a ^b Atlantic University. Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
^ Big-league sports not on the horizon for Norfolk. Virginian Pilot. Retrieved on 2008-03-12.
^ Hampton Roads Piranhas. Hampton Roads Piranhas. Retrieved on 2008-03-12.
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^ North American Sand Soccer Championship. Hampton Roads Soccer Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
^ Rock and Roll Half Marathon. Elite Racing. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
^ Virginia Beach Parks, Virginia Beach Department of Parks and Recreation, <http://vbgov.com/vgn.aspx?vgnextoid=aea92f9eb644c010VgnVCM1000006310640aRCRD&vgnextchannel=944ac67a3e83b010VgnVCM100000870b640aRCRD&vgnextparchannel=dfee54cf18ad9010VgnVCM100000870b640aRCRD>. Retrieved on 5 October 2007
^ Mt. Trashmore Park, Virginia Beach Department of Parks and Recreation, <http://www.vbgov.com/vgn.aspx?vgnextchannel=dfee54cf18ad9010VgnVCM100000870b640aRCRD>. Retrieved on 5 October 2007
^ Great Neck Park, Virginia Beach Department of Parks and Recreation, <http://www.vbgov.com/vgn.aspx?vgnextoid=52ca2f9eb644c010VgnVCM1000006310640aRCRD&vgnextchannel=944ac67a3e83b010VgnVCM100000870b640aRCRD&vgnextparchannel=dfee54cf18ad9010VgnVCM100000870b640aRCRD>. Retrieved on 20 March 2008
^ Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge, <http://www.fws.gov/backbay/>. Retrieved on 20 March 2008
^ First Landing State Park, First Landing State Park, <http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state_parks/fir.shtml>. Retrieved on 20 March 2008
^ False Cape State Park, False Cape State Park, <http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state_parks/fal.shtml>. Retrieved on 20 March 2008
^ Munden Point, Virginia Birding and Wildlife Trail, <http://www.dgif.state.va.us/vbwt/site.asp?trail=1&loop=CSY&site=CSY10>. Retrieved on 20 March 2008
^ Boardwalk, Virginiabeach.com, <http://www.virginiabeach.com/news/boardwalk.php>. Retrieved on 20 March 2008
^ MotorWorld, Motor World, <http://www.vbmotorworld.com/index.html>. Retrieved on 20 March 2008
^ Ocean Breeze Water Park, Ocean Breeze Water Park, <http://www.oceanbreezewaterpark.com/>. Retrieved on 20 March 2008
^ Naval Aviation Monument Park. Alexandria, Virginia.: Naval Aviation Foundation, Wings of Gold, quarterly, Summer-Fall, 2006, page 58.
^ ^a ^b Virginia Beach City Manager: Form of Government. Virginia Beach City Manager (2007-09-30). Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
^ ^a ^b Virginia Beach City Council: About Us. Virginia Beach City Council (2007-09-30). Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
^ Housing and Neighborhood Preservation. City of Virginia Beach (2007-09-30). Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
^ Landlord, Managers, Police Network. City of Virginia Beach (2007-09-30). Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
^ Virginia Beach City Public Schools: About Us. Virginia Beach City Public Schools (2007-09-30). Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
^ State Recognized Accredited Schools. Virginia Council for Private Education (2007-09-30). Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
^ About Regent University. Retrieved on 2007-12-11.
^ About Norfolk State. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
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^ Tidewater Community College. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
^ About Virginia Wesleyan. Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
^ About ECPI. Retrieved on 2008-03-07.
^ ^a ^b Hampton Roads News Links. abyznewslinks.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
^ Hampton Roads Magazine. Hampton Roads Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
^ Hampton Roads Radio Links. ontheradio.net. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
^ Holmes, Gary. "Nielsen Reports 1.1% increase in U.S. Television Households for the 2006-2007 Season." Nielsen Media Research. September 23, 2006. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
^ ^a ^b "Titles with locations including Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA." IMDB. Retrieved on March 7, 2008.
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^ Chesapeake Regional Airport. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
^ Southeast High Speed Rail. Southeast High Speed Rail. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
^ Today's Bus. Today's Bus. Retrieved on 2007-10-10.
^ Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel Facts. Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel Commission. Retrieved on 2006-11-23.
^ Hampton Roads Transit
^ VA Places, Gaston Pipeline:[5]
^ VA Beach Government, Department of Public Utilities:[6]
^ Hampton Roads Sanitation District. Hampton Roads Sanitation District. Retrieved on 2008-03-08.
^ Virginia Hospitals and Medical Centers. The Agape Center. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.
^ Sister Cities designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI). Retrieved June 6, 2006.

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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Nielsen Media Research (NMR) is a U.S. firm, headquartered in New York City, and operating primarily from Oldsmar, FL, which measures media audiences, including television, radio and newspapers. ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) [1] is an online database of information about actors, movies, television shows, television stars and video games. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Contents

History

Geography and climate

Neighborhoods

Climate

Demographics

Economy

Culture

Sports

Parks and Recreation

Government

Education

Media

Infrastructure

Transportation

Utilities

Healthcare

Sister cities

See also

References

External links

Contents

History var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};

Geography and climate

Neighborhoods

Climate

Demographics

Economy

Culture

Sports

Parks and Recreation

Government

Education

Media

Infrastructure

Transportation

Utilities

Healthcare

Sister cities

See also

References

External links

History