Vladimir Bukovsky early photo

Vladimir Konstantinovich Bukovsky (Russian: Влади́мир Константи́нович Буко́вский; b. December 30, 1942 is a notable former Soviet dissident, author and a human rights activist. He was one of the first to expose the use of psychiatric imprisonment against political prisoners in the USSR. He spent a total of twelve years in Soviet prisons, labor camps and in psikhushkas, forced-treatment psychiatric hospitals used by the regime as special prisons. Vladimir Bukovsky (from [1]) , I think File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Vladimir Bukovsky (from [1]) , I think File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... This article is about the year. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ... A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively opposes an established opinion, policy, or structure. ... An author is the person who creates a written work, such as a book, story, article or the like. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A political prisoner may be someone held in prison or otherwise detained, perhaps under house arrest, because their ideas or image are deemed by a government to either challenge or threaten the authority of the state. ... A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are engaged in penal labour. ... Psikhushka (психушка) is a colloquialism for psychiatric hospital in Russian language. ... A psychiatric hospital (also called at various places and times, mental hospital, mental ward, asylum or sanitarium) is a hospital specializing in the treatment of persons with mental illness. ...

Vladimir Bukovsky was born in town of Belebei, Bashkirian ASSR, Russia (now Bashkortostan), where his family was evacuated from Moscow during World War II. In 1959 he was excluded from his Moscow school for creating and editing an unauthorized magazine. The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkiria (Russian: Респу́блика Башкортоста́н or Башки́рия; Bashkir: ) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Evacuation can have several meanings: In wilderness first aid, evacuation is the transport of a seriously injured person out of the wilderness to the nearest point an ambulance can reach to take them to the hospital, or to the nearest emergency room. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ) is the capital of Russia and the countrys principal political, economic, financial, educational and transportation center, located on the river Moskva. ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

From June 1963 to February 1964, Bukovsky was convicted (Article 70-1 of the Penal Code of the RSFSR) and sent to a psikhushka for organizing poetry meetings in the center of Moscow (next to the Mayakovsky monument). 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... A penal code can be defined as that portion of a states laws that deal with defining the elements of particular crimes and specifying the punishment for each crime. ... State motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None (Russian in practice) Capital Moscow Chairman of the Supreme Council Boris Yeltsin Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 1st in former Soviet Union 17,075,200 km² 0,5% Population  - Total (1989)  - Density Ranked 1st in the former... Poetry (from Ancient Greek: (poiéo/poió) = I create) is traditionally a written art form in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ) is the capital of Russia and the countrys principal political, economic, financial, educational and transportation center, located on the river Moskva. ... Portrait of Vladimir Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский) (July 7 (O.S.) July 19 (N.S.), 1893 – April 14, 1930) was among the foremost representatives for the poetic futurism of early 20th century Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union. ...

In January 1965 he was arrested for organizing a demonstration in defense of Alexander Ginzburg, Yuri Galanskov and other dissidents (Article 190-1, 3 years of imprisonment); released in January 1970. 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Alexander Ginzburg Alexander (Alik) Ilyich Ginzburg (Russian: ; November 21, 1936 Moscow – July 19, 2002 Paris), was a Russian journalist, poet, human rights activist and dissident. ... Yuri Galanskov (1939-1972) was a Russian poet, historian, human rights activist and dissident. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ...

In 1971, Bukovsky managed to smuggle to the West over 150 pages documenting abuse of psychiatric institutions for political reasons in the USSR. The information galvanized human rights activists worldwide (including inside the country) and was a pretext for his subsequent arrest in January 1972, officially for contacts with foreign journalists and possession and distribution of samizdat (Article 70-1, 7 years of imprisonment plus 5 years in exile). 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... The term Western world or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1972 calendar). ... Samizdat, book published by Pathfinder Press containing a collection of forbidden Trotskyist Samizdat texts. ...

Together with fellow inmate in Vladimir prison, psychiatrist Semyon Gluzman, he coauthored A Manual on Psychiatry for Dissidents to help other dissidents to fight the authorities' abuses. Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that studies and treats mental and emotional disorders (see mental illness). ...

The fate of Bukovsky and other political prisoners in the USSR, repeatedly brought to attention by Western human rights groups and diplomats, was a cause of embarrassment and irritation for the Soviet authorities.

In December of 1976, while imprisoned, Bukovsky was exchanged for former Chilean Communist leader Luis Corvalán. In his autobiographical novel And the Wind Returns, Bukovsky describes how he was brought to Switzerland handcuffed. 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Luis Alberto Corvalán Castillo (born September 14, 1916 in Puerto Montt, Chile) is a former Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Chile and Chilean politician. ...

Since 1976 Bukovsky has lived in Cambridge, England, focusing on neurophysiology and writing. He received a Ph.D. in Biology and has written several books and political essays. In addition to criticizing the Soviet regime, he also picked apart what he calls "Western gullibility", a lack of a tough stand of Western liberalism against Communist abuses. 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ... Map of the Cambridgeshire area (1904) The city of Cambridge is an old English university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the United Kingdom (light green), with the Republic of Ireland (blue) to its west Languages None official English de facto Capital None official London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked... Neurophysiology is a part of physiology as a science, which is concerned with the study of the nervous system. ... Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph. ... Biology is the branch of science dealing with the study of life. ... This article discusses liberalism as a major political ideology as it developed and stands currently. ...

In 1983, together with Vladimir Maximov and Eduard Kuznetsov he cofounded and was elected president of international anti-Communist organization Resistance International (Интернационал сопротивления). 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Eduard Kuznetsov (Russian language: Эдуард Кузнецов; born in Moscow, 1939) is a Soviet dissident, human rights activist, and writer. ...

In April 1991 Vladimir Bukovsky visited Moscow for the first time since his forced deportation. In the run-up to the 1991 presidential election Boris Yeltsin's campaign considered Bukovsky as a potential vice-presidential running-mate (other contenders included Galina Starovoitova and Gennady Burbilis). In the end, the vice-presidency was offered to Alexander Rutskoi. 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Yeltsin redirects here. ... Galina Starovoitova (Галина Старовойтова) (31st December 1946 - November 20, 1998) was a Russian politician, who was born in Chelyabinsk. ... Aleksandr Vladimirovich Rutskoy (ru: Александр Владимирович Руцкой)(born September 16, 1945, Kursk, Russia) was a Soviet military officer and a Russian politician. ...

In 1992, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, President Yeltsin's government invited Bukovsky to serve as an expert to testify at the trial conducted by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to determine whether the CPSU had been a criminal institution. To prepare for his testimony, Bukovsky requested and was granted access to a large number of documents from Soviet archives. Using a small handheld scanner and a laptop computer, he managed to secretly scan many documents (some with high security clearance), including KGB reports to the Central Committee, and smuggle the files to the West. The event that many expected would be another Nuremberg Trial and the beginnings of reconciliation with the Communist past, ended up in half-measures: only the central organs of the party were outlawed. Bukovsky expressed his deep disappointment with this in his writings and interviews: [1] 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... A Constitutional Court is a high court found in many countries which deals primary with constitutional law. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = КПСС) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when... for other uses please see Crime (disambiguation) A crime is an act that violates a political or moral law. ... Laptop with touchpad. ... A security clearance is a status granted individuals, typically members of the military and employees of governments and their contractors, allowing them access to classified information, i. ... The KGB emblem and motto: The sword and the shield KGB (transliteration of КГБ) is the Russian-language abbreviation for State Security Committee, (Russian: ; Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti). ... 16th Central Committee meeting of the Communist Party of China Central Committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a communist party, whether ruling or non-ruling. ... The Nuremberg Trials is the general name for two sets of trials of Nazis involved in World War II and the Holocaust. ...

Having failed to finish off conclusively the communist system, we are now in danger of integrating the resulting monster into our world. It may not be called communism anymore, but it retained many of its dangerous characteristics... Until the Nuremberg-style tribunal passes its judgement on all the crimes committed by communism, it is not dead and the war is not over.

It took two years and a team of assistants to compose the scanned pieces together and publish it. The book, Judgement in Moscow, was translated to many languages and attracted international attention. Image File history File links Cquote1. ... Image File history File links Cquote2. ...

In 1992 a group of liberal deputies of the Moscow City Council proposed Bukovsky's candidacy for elections of the new Mayor of Moscow, following the resignation of the previous Mayor, Gavriil Popov. Bukovsky refused the offer. 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ) is the capital of Russia and the countrys principal political, economic, financial, educational and transportation center, located on the river Moskva. ...

In early 1996 a group of Moscow academics, journalists and intellectuals suggested that Vladimir Bukovsky should run for President of Russia as an alternative candidate to both incumbent President Boris Yeltsin and his Communist challenger Gennady Zyuganov. No formal nomination was initiated. In any case, Bukovsky would not have been allowed to run, as the Russian Constitution stipulates that any presidential candidate must have lived in the country continuously for ten years prior to the election. 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Yeltsin redirects here. ... Zyuganov on a November 7 rally Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov or Guennady Ziuganov (Russian: ) (born 26 June 1944) is a Russian politician, and head of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (since 1993), a member of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (since 1996). ...

In 2002 Boris Nemtsov, a member of the Russian Duma (parliament) and leader of the Union of Right Forces, and former Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, visited Vladimir Bukovsky in Cambridge to discuss the strategy of the Russian opposition. Bukovsky told Nemtsov that, in his view, it is imperative that Russian liberals adopt an uncompromising stand toward the authoritarian government of President Vladimir Putin. Boris Efimovich Nemtsov (Борис Ефимович Немцов) (born October 9, 1959) is one of the leading members of the liberal Union of Right Forces political party in Russia. ... A Duma (Ду́ма in Russian) is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. ... Insert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text here:This article is about the legislative institution. ... The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил, СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil), is a Russian political party commonly associated with free market reforms, privatization, and the legacy of the Young Reformers of the 1990s: Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, and Yegor Gaidar. ... (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, Vladímir Vladímirovich Pútin; born October 7, 1952) is a Russian politician, and the current President of the Russian Federation. ...

Vladimir Bukovsky is a member of the Board of Directors of the Gratitude Fund. The Gratitude Fund describes itself as a non-profit organization which was created to provide assistance to the forgotten heroes and veterans of the active struggle for freedom and human rights in the former USSR such as ex-political prisoners, who were imprisoned for many years, and to the families...

In January 2004, together with Garry Kasparov, Boris Nemtsov, Vladimir V. Kara-Murza and others, Vladimir Bukovsky co-founded the Committee 2008, an umbrella organization of the Russian democratic opposition, whose purpose is to ensure free and fair presidential elections in 2008. Garry Kasparov Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: Га́рри Ки́мович Каспа́ров) (born April 13, 1963) is a chess grandmaster and former World Chess Champion. ... Boris Efimovich Nemtsov (Борис Ефимович Немцов) (born October 9, 1959) is one of the leading members of the liberal Union of Right Forces political party in Russia. ... Vladimir V. Kara-Murza (Russian: Владимир Владимирович Кара-Мурза) was born in Moscow in 1981. ... a group of liberal russian democrats presided by Garry Kasparov opposing presidents Putin dictatorship, aiming at preventing Putins election in 2008 and planning to offer their own candidate ...

In 2005 Bukovsky participated in "They Chose Freedom", a four-part TV documentary on the Soviet dissident movement. They Chose Freedom (in Russian: Они выбирали свободу) is a four-part TV documentary produced in 2005 by Vladimir V. Kara-Murza for RTVi channel. ...

Publications

See detailed list at The Gratitude Fund

• EUSSR: The Soviet Roots of European Integration, 2004. ISBN 0954023110
• A Manual on Psychiatry for Dissidents (Пособие по психиатрии для инакомыслящих, in Russian)
• And the Wind Returns, 1978 (И возвращается ветер, in Russian)
• Soul of Man Under Socialism, 1979. ISBN 089633029X
• To Build a Castle: My Life As a Dissenter, 1979. ISBN 0670716405
• Soviet Hypocrisy and Western Gullibility, 1987. ISBN 089633113X
• Judgement in Moscow (Московский процесс) based on his 1992 visit to Russia and the "Soviet Archives".
• To Choose Freedom Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 1987. ISBN 0817984429

External links

• Bio at The Gratitude Fund
• Faces of Resistance in the USSR: V. Bukovsky. The Andrei Sakharov Archives and Human Rights Center at Brandeis University
• the "Soviet Archives" at INFO-RUSS
  • Dissidents, 1970-1979 contain materials concerning activities, arrests and exchange of Bukovsky
• An Open Letter to President G.W. Bush by Vladimir Bukovsky and Elena Bonner (2003-03-27)
• Vladimir Bukovsky's campaign against BBC Bias to abolish the TV licence.
• The West Lost The War: Vladimir Bukovsky (2001)
• A Conversation With Vladimir Bukovsky (2003)
• Conservatives Debate: Is the Threat of Islamic Terrorism More Dangerous to America than Communism Was? By Vladimir Bukovsky, Daniel Pipes, Paul Hollander, and Michael Ledeen
• Torture's Long Shadow (2005)
• Former Soviet Dissident Warns For EU Dictatorship (2006)

Andrei Sakharov, 1943 Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (Russian: , May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989), was an eminent Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. ... It has been suggested that VoiceMale be merged into this article or section. ...

In Russian

• Bio and writings
• Press-conference in Warsaw 1998