Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (Владимир Иванович Вернадский) (March 12, 1863, N.S. [ February 28, O.S. ] – January 6, 1945) was a Russian mineralogist and geochemist who first popularized the concept of the noosphere and deepened the idea biosphere to the meaning largely recognized by today's scientific community. The word biosphere was invented by Austrian geologist Eduard Suess, whom Vernadsky had met in 1911. Vernadsky is considered one of the precursors of ecology. March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Gregorian calendar is the calendar widely used in the Western world. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, taking force in 45 BC or 709 ab urbe condita. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Mineralogy is an earth science that involves the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. ... The field of geochemistry involves study of the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, chemical processes and reactions that govern the composition of rocks and soils, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earths chemical components in time and space. ... The noosphere can be seen as the sphere of human thought being derived from the Greek νους (nous) meaning mind in the style of atmosphere and biosphere. Just as the biosphere is composed of all the organisms on Earth and their interactions, the noosphere is composed of all the interacting... The biosphere is that part of a planet earths outer shell—including air, land, and water—within which life occurs, and which biotic processes in turn alter or transform. ... A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology. ... Eduard Suess (August 20, 1831 – April 26, 1914) was a 19th century geologist who was an expert on the geography of the Alps. ... 1911 is a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Ecology is sometimes used as an incorrect synonym for the natural environment. ...

In Vernadsky's theory of how the earth develops, the noosphere is the third in a succession of phases of development of the earth, after the geosphere (inanimate matter) and the biosphere (biological life). Just as the emergence of life fundamentally transformed the geosphere, the emergence of human cognition fundamentally transforms the biosphere. In this theory, the principles of both life and cognition are the essential features of the earth's evolution, and must have been implicit in the earth all along. This is in contrast to Darwin's theory of Natural selection, which looks at each individual species, rather than at its relationship to a subsuming principle. The noosphere can be seen as the sphere of human thought being derived from the Greek νους (nous) meaning mind in the style of atmosphere and biosphere. Just as the biosphere is composed of all the organisms on Earth and their interactions, the noosphere is composed of all the interacting... Geosphere is another term for the lithosphere of the Earth. ... The biosphere is that part of a planet earths outer shell—including air, land, and water—within which life occurs, and which biotic processes in turn alter or transform. ... Wiktionary has a definition of: Cognition The term cognition is used in several different loosely related ways. ... Charles Darwin, father of the theory of evolution by natural selection. ... Charles Darwin, about the same time as the publication of The Origin of Species. ... Natural selection is the primary mechanism within the scientific theory of evolution, in that it alters the frequency of alleles within a population. ...

Vernadsky was the founder and the first president of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kiev, Ukraine (1918). Motto: Oblast Municipality Municipal government City council (Київська Міська рада) Mayor Oleksandr Omelchenko Area 800 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 2,642,486 100% 3,299/km² Founded City rights around 5th century 1487 Latitude Longitude 50°27′ N 30°30′ E Area code +044 Car plates  ? Twin towns Athenes... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Vernadsky's most important works are:

• Geochemistry, published in Russian 1924
• The Biosphere, published in Russian 1926 (English translation 1998)