Late 19th-century photograph of Marknovnikov.

Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov (Russian: Марковников, Владимир Васильевич), also spelled as Markownikoff (December 22, 1838 in Nizhny Novgorod - February 1904) was a Russian chemist. 19th century (or early 20th century) photograph. ... 19th century (or early 20th century) photograph. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: ), colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... A chemist pours from a round-bottom flask. ...

Markovnikov studied under Butlerov in Kazan and St. Petersburg. After graduation in 1860 he went to Germany for two years where he studied under Erlenmeyer and Kolbe. He returned to Russia, and succeeded to Butlerov's professorship at the Kazan University

Markovnikov is best known for Markovnikov's rule, which he developed in 1869. According to this rule, the electrophilic X- adds to the carbon atom with fewer hydrogen atoms, while the proton adds to the carbon atom with more hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Thus, hydrogen chloride (HCl) adds to propene, CH3-CH=CH2 to produce 2-chloropropane CH3CHClCH3 rather than the isomeric 1-chloropropane CH3CH2CH2Cl. The rule is useful in predicting the molecular structures of products of addition reactions. Why hydrogen bromide exhibited both Markovnikov as well as reversed-order, or anti-Markovnikov, addition, however, was not understood until Morris Selig Kharasch offered an explanation in 1933. Since he never published in any language besides Russian, his work remained largely unknown until 1889. In chemistry, Markovnikovs rule is an observation based on Zaitsevs rule. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Markovnikov also contributed to organic chemistry by finding carbon rings with more than six carbon atoms, a ring with four carbon atoms in 1879, and a ring with seven in 1889. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of chemical compounds consisting primarily of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, including nitrogen, oxygen, halogens as well... For other uses, see Carbon (disambiguation). ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Markovnikov also showed that butyric and isobutyric acids have the same chemical formula but different structures; i.e., they are isomers.

External links

• Institute of Chemistry, Skopje, Macedonia - Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov