Vladimiro Lenin Montesinos Torres (born May 20, 1945) was the long-standing head of Peru's intelligence service, Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional (SIN), under President Alberto Fujimori. In 2000, secret videos were televised revealing him bribing an elected congressman to leave the opposition and join the Fujimorist side of Congress; the ensuing scandal caused Montesinos to flee the country, hastening the resignation of Fujimori. Subsequent investigations revealed Montesinos to be at the centre of a vast web of illegal activities, including embezzlement, graft, and drug trafficking, for which he is currently being tried. is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Intelligence (abbreviated or ) is the process and the result of gathering information and analyzing it to answer questions or obtain advance warnings needed to plan for the future. ... The National Intelligence Service (Spanish: Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional or SIN) was an intelligence agency of the Government of Peru. ... List of presidents of Peru : The Independence War 1821-1822: José de San Martín 1822-1823: José de La Mar 1823: Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano 1823: José de la Riva Agüero 1823-1824: José Bernardo de Tagle 1824-1826: Simón Bolívar 1826-1827: Andrés... Alberto Kenya Fujimori (Spanish IPA: , Japanese IPA: ) (born in Lima, Peru on July 28, 1938), also known as Kenya Fujimori ) was President of Peru from July 28, 1990 to November 17, 2000. ... Graft may refer to: Grafting, where the tissues of one plant are affixed to the tissues of another. ... Retail selling Street selling is the bottom of the chain and can be accomplished through purchasing from prostitutes, through cloaked retail stores or refuse houses for users in the act located in red-light districts which often also deal in paraphernalia, dealers marketing merriment at night clubs and other events...

Early years

Montesinos was born in Arequipa. His parents were fervent communists who named him after Lenin. In 1965, as a military cadet, he studied at the US Army's School of the Americas. For the cactus genus, see Oreocereus. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... A cadet is a future officer in the military. ... The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ... Former logo of the School of Americas, now the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation at Fort Benning, Georgia The Western Hemisphere Institute for American Hegemony (WHISC or WHINSEC), formerly School of the Assassins (SOA; Spanish: Escuela de las Américas), is a United States Army facility at Fort Benning...

In the early 1970s, during the leftist Military Government of General Juan Velasco, Montesinos became a captain of the army. In 1973, he was appointed aide to the army chief and prime minister, General Edgardo Mercado. In 1976, Montesinos was charged by My. Army Jose Fernandez Salvatteci with spying for the United States because he revealed a list of weapons that Peru bought from the Soviet Union. The investigation was terminated abruptly by General Mercado. After Velasco was deposed in 1975, Montesinos made a two-week visit to the United States, paid for by an American government grant. Upon his return to Lima, he was arrested for not having obtained formal permission for the trip from the government of Peru. During the investigation that followed, top-secret documents were found in his possession that he had photocopied and given to the American CIA. Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado (1910–1977) was a leftist colonel who took power in Peru on October 3, 1968 in a military coup. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ...

The CIA connection

US State Department documents later declassified suggest why the CIA may have sought out Montesinos. At the time, Peru was the only left-wing regime in a continent dominated by right-wing governments, and the United States was locked in the Cold War with the Soviet Union. Montesinos had information about a potential attack by the Peruvian generals, possibly backed by Cuban forces, against long-time rival Chile, then ruled by dictator Augusto Pinochet (allied with the US) in order to recover territories lost in the War of the Pacific. [1] The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte[1] (November 25, 1915 – December 10, 2006) was President of Chile as a military dictator [2] from 1974 to 1990, and head of the military junta from 1973 to 1974. ... Combatants Republic of Peru Republic of Bolivia Republic of Chile Commanders Juan Buendía Andrés Cáceres Miguel Grau Manuel Baquedano Patricio Lynch Juan Williams Strength Peru-Bolivian Army 7,000 soldiers in 1878 Peruvian Navy 2 ironclad, 1 corvette, 1 gunboat Army of Chile 4,000 soldiers in...

It was also discovered that Montesinos traveled to the US without authorization of the army command, and fraudulently created the military document required to travel. He furthermore visited several foreign institutions representing the Peruvian army, but without being authorized by it. The following year, Montesinos was tried in Peruvian tribunals and was dishonorably discharged and sentenced to military prison.

In February of 1978 Montesinos was freed after serving two years of prison. At that time, his first cousin, the lawyer Sergio Cardenal Montesinos, gave him work at his law office and insisted Montesinos finish his law studies. In April of the same year, Montesinos registered in the San Marcos University (UNMSM). On July 24, only three months after registering, Montesinos was falsely awarded the title of lawyer by the university. The following month, using this fake title, he registered as lawyer in the Superior Court of Lima. Ten days later, he became a member of the Colegio de Abogados de Lima, the Lima lawyers' association. Montesinos soon became known as the lawyer for several major Colombian drug-traffickers in Peru. Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

In 1979, he signed as a guarantor of the rent contract for several offices and warehouses used by the Colombian Jaime Tamayo Tamayo, in which cocaine manufacturing labs were established and which were later raided by the police. In 1984, Montesinos sold classified information about Peru to the Ecuadorian Army. The information contained the complete listings of all weapons that Peru had purchased from the USSR. This article is about the year. ...

The Fujimori years

Montesinos first came to public notice when he defended Fujimori, then an obscure candidate in the 1990 Peruvian presidential elections, against accusations of fraudulent real estate dealings. The paperwork in that case mysteriously disappeared and the charges were quietly dropped. After Fujimori won the election on July 28, 1990, Montesinos became his chief advisor and the effective head of the SIN. is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...

Through his position, he came to have virtually unlimited power within Peru. By promoting his former classmates into top positions, Montesinos came to control the very Peruvian Armed Forces that had once kicked him out. During the course of the decade, he established a network of corruption that permeated media, business, political parties, and government. Toward the end of the Fujimori years, it was reported that Montesinos' tax records indicated he was making $600,000 a year, even though his official salary was $18,000.^{[citation needed]} The Peruvian Armed Forces are composed of an Army, a Navy and an Air Force. ...

Political repression

Montesinos is widely suspected of organizing the repression of terrorists. Evidence shows he supervised a death squad known as the Grupo Colina, part of the National Intelligence Service, which was thought to have been responsible for the La Cantuta massacre, in which nine students and a professor disappeared from La Cantuta university on July 18, 1992. Four officers who were tortured after plotting a coup d'état against Fujimori in November 1992 later stated that Montesinos took an active part in torturing them. // A death squad is an armed squad of men that kills civilians. ... Grupo Colina is a paramilitary death squad created in Peru under the administration of Alberto Fujimori. ... The La Cantuta massacre, in which a university professor and nine students from Limas La Cantuta University were abducted and disappeared by a military death squad, took place in Peru on 18 July 1992 during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Coup redirects here. ...

On March 16, 1998, former Peruvian Army Intelligence Agent Luisa Zanatta accused Montesinos of ordering illegal wiretaps of leading politicians and journalists. Zanatta also said that army intelligence agents killed fellow agent Mariella Barreto Riofano because she gave a magazine information about human rights violations and where bodies from the La Cantuta massacre were buried.

Shortly before Barreto was killed, she told Zanatta that she was part of the Grupo Colina death squad responsible for the La Cantuta massacre. Barreto's body was found by a roadside on March 29, 1997. The body showed evidence that Barreto was tortured before she was decapitated and her hands and feet cut off.

The Japanese embassy hostage crisis

Main article: Japanese embassy hostage crisis

In 1997, Montesinos and Fujimori organized and closely supervised the commando raid which freed the hostages held during the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. During the operation, one hostage died and all fourteen of the MRTA terrorists were killed. The success of the operation was tainted, however, by subsequent revelations that at least one and possibly as many as eight of the Emerretistas had been summarily executed after surrendering. The Japanese embassy hostage crisis refers to a period of 126 days between 1996 and 1997 when 14 members of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took hostage hundreds of people who were attending a party at the official residence of Japans ambassador to Peru in Lima. ...

One Japanese hostage, Hidetaka Ogura, an embassy employee acquaintance radical activist in Japan, stated that he saw Eduardo Cruz ("Tito") alive shortly after the commandos stormed the building. He was then turned over to Colonel Jesús Zamudio Aliaga, but Cruz was later reported as having died during the assault. In 2001, on the basis of Ogura's testimony, the MRTA family members filed a suit alleging extrajudicial killings.

Subsequent forensic investigations established that eight of the rebels were apparently shot in the head after capture or while defenseless because of injuries, including Eduardo Cruz Sánchez, who died from a single bullet to the back of the neck, however in this case different versions exist. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Control of the media

During the Fujimori years, Montesinos gained extensive control of the media in Peru. By the end of 1999, Montesinos had editorial control over Channels 2, 4, 5, 9, and 13. Channel 7 was already state-owned. One of the country's two cable channels, Channel 10 had been secretly purchased for the armed forces. That left just one independent station in Peru: Channel N, a twenty-four-hour cable news outlet that reached barely 5% of the population.

In April 1997, Baruch Ivcher's Frecuencia Latina Channel 2 broadcast allegations by Peruvian Army Intelligence agent Leonor La Rosa that she was tortured by intelligence agents (later proved to be based on false investigations [7],[8]). On July 14 1997, Ivcher, who was born in Israel, was stripped of his Peruvian nationality and in September control of his station was handed to minority shareholders more sympathetic to the government. In response, former United Nations Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar said, "Peru is no longer a democracy. We are now a country headed by an authoritarian regime." Frecuencia Latina or Frecuencia 2 , better known as Channel 2, is a Peruvian television network. ... The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal organs of the United Nations. ... Javier Pérez de Cuéllar de la Guerra (born January 19, 1920 in Lima) is a Peruvian diplomat who served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1991. ...

2000 Elections

Main article: Peruvian national election, 2000

During the controversial 2000 election, a journalist claimed to have a videotape of Montesinos bribing election officials to fix the vote. He also claimed that he was kidnapped by secret police agents, who sawed his arm to the bone in an attempt to extract the tape from him. In view of such tactics, the Clinton administration threatened briefly not to recognize Fujimori's victory. It backed off from this threat, however, pursuing a policy of pressuring the government to clean up its image, in part by ousting Montesinos. Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Presidential elections National elections Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties A.P.R.A. Union for Peru List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Governors Provincial...

US policy was aimed at preserving these "achievements" of the Fujimori regime, while doing away with some of its "excesses." Continuing political unrest in Peru would have represented a serious problem as operations against the FARC in Colombia got under way. Peru was needed as a base of operations and a backstop against guerrillas based in Colombia's south, not far from the Peruvian border. [9] The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia–Peoples Army, in Spanish Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia–Ejército del Pueblo, also known by the acronym of FARC or FARC-EP is a communist revolutionary and armed guerrilla organization in Colombia. ... “Guerrilla” redirects here. ...

Drug Traffic

A declassified DEA document dated August 27, 1996, shows U.S. authorities were aware of allegations that Montesinos and the chairman of Peru's joint chiefs of staff, Gen. Nicolás Hermoza Ríos (also later jailed), were taking protection money from drug traffickers. [10]

Despite evidence that Montesinos was in business with Colombian narcotraffickers, the CIA paid Montesinos's organization $1 million a year for 10 years to fight drug trafficking.

Montesinos was also accused by Demetrio Chávez Peñaherrera, known as "El Vaticano", of being a protector of drug trafficers. In a drug trafficking trial on August 16, 1996, Chávez Peñaherrera stated that he had bribed members of the Peruvian Armed Forces and had also paid Montesinos, as the effective chief of the Peruvian Intelligence Service (SIN) to be able to operate freely in Campanilla, a jungle area of the Huallaga region.

The recording showed that members of the army had let his organization operate freely in the Huallaga region, in exchange for bribes. During certain appearances in the court, Chávez appeared drugged and maybe tortured. After sentencing, while in prison, Chávez talked to the press and revealed that Montesinos mentioned to him at one point that he "did some work" with Pablo Escobar, leader of the Medellín Cartel. Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria aka El Patrón (December 1, 1949 – December 2, 1993) gained world infamy as a Colombian drug dealer. ... The Medellín Cartel was a well-organized network of drug smugglers originating in the city of Medellín in Colombia and operating through the 1970s and 1980s. ...

Montesinos was paid US$50,000 a month during 1991 and 1992. [11] As proof, in the trial were presented recordings of radio communications between drug trafficers of Chávez's organization and members of the Armed Forces.

He also mentioned that the ex-president of the Armed Forces Joined Command, retired general Nicolás de Bari Hermoza, and the ex-President Alberto Fujimori, had both complete knowledge of the illicit acts of Montesinos. Alberto Kenya Fujimori (Spanish IPA: , Japanese IPA: ) (born in Lima, Peru on July 28, 1938), also known as Kenya Fujimori ) was President of Peru from July 28, 1990 to November 17, 2000. ...

Downfall

Frequently, Montesinos secretly videotaped himself bribing individuals in his office, and he made thousands of such tapes, incriminating politicians, officials and military officers and, in all probability, Fujimori himself. His downfall appears to have been precipitated by the discovery of a major arms shipment, airlifted from Jordan via Peru, to the FARC insurgent guerrillas in southern Colombia negotiated by guerrilla leader Tomás Medina Caracas. The FARC-EPs flag The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – Peoples Army, or FARC-EP) is a militant and revolutionary guerrilla group established in 1964-1966 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party, and is Colombias... An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority, by any irregular armed force that rises up against an enforced or established authority, government, or administration. ... “Guerrilla” redirects here. ... Tomás Medina Caracas, member of the FARC-EP. Tomás Medina Caracas aka Tomás Molina Caracas aka Negro Acacio (born March 15, 1965 in Mary Lopez, Cauca - died September 1, 2007 in Vichada) was a Colombian guerrilla member of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) considered by...

Montesinos claimed all the credit for uncovering the arms smuggling, which involved upwards of 10,000 Kalashnikov assault rifles. Jordan, however, rejected the Peruvian version, insisting the shipments were legitimate government-to-government deals. Evidence emerged which pointed to Montesinos having orchestrated the gun-running operation rather than dismantling it. A senior Peruvian general was found to have participated in the deal, and another principal participant was a government contractor who has signed at least eleven deals with the regime, most of them to provide supplies to the Peruvian military.

According to one report, a group of military officers angered by Montesinos's apparent role in the arms deal broke into his offices and stole the video that was subsequently broadcast. Because of this deal, Montesinos lost the support of the US, which attached high strategic importance to crushing the FARC. Montesinos turned from being an asset to a liability.

The Vladi-videos

On the evening of September 14, 2000, Peruvian cable TV station Canal N broadcast a video of Montesinos appearing to give a bribe of $15,000 to opposition congressman Alberto Kouri for his defection to President Alberto Fujimori's Perú 2000 party. The video, sold to the Peruvian opposition party FIM (Independent Moralising Front), was the first of many of his tapes to become public. The video caused Fujimori's remaining support to collapse, and in November he announced the dissolution of the intelligence service and new elections--in which he would not run. Shortly thereafter, Montesinos fled to Venezuela. is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ...

In subsequent months, some of the most infamous "vladi-videos" were released. In one, owners of Channel 2 are offered USD $500,000 a month to ban appearances of the political opposition on their channel. Another shows Channel 4 owners getting $1.5 million a month for similar cooperation. Others show Montesinos counting out $350,000 in cash to Channel 5's proprietor and the owner of Channel 9 receiving $50,000 to cancel an investigative series called SIN censura ("Uncensored"). In June 2001, the Venezuelan government arrested Montesinos in Caracas and extradited him back to Peru, where he is facing several trials. USD redirects here. ... Nickname: La Sultana del Avila (English:The Avilas Sultan) La Sucursal del paraiso Motto: Ave María Santísima, sin pecado concebida, en el primer instante de su ser natural. ...

Trial

Currently, Montesinos is imprisoned at the Callao maximum-security prison naval base (which was built under his orders during the 1990s) and is facing sixty-three charges that range from drug trafficking to murder. The lengthy series of court cases in Lima to which he is being tried is revealing the scale of the corruption during the Fujimori administration. Callao (Spanish: El Callao) is the largest and most important port in Peru. ... Retail selling Street selling is the bottom of the chain and can be accomplished through purchasing from prostitutes, through cloaked retail stores or refuse houses for users in the act located in red-light districts which often also deal in paraphernalia, dealers marketing merriment at night clubs and other events...

One notable example is the 1998 purchase of three second-hand MiG-29 fighter planes from Belarus, for which the Peruvian Government is thought to have paid USD $300 million, though the actual cost of the planes is said to have been only around $100 million. Following subsequent international investigations involving the sale, the government of Italy issued an arrest warrant for Yevgeny Ananyev, former general director of the government-owned company Rosvooruzhenie. Ananyev has been accused of money laundering with Montesinos by diverting $18 million through Swiss and Italian banks after overseeing the sale of the jet fighters via Belarus. [12] The Mikoyan MiG-29 (Russian: ) is a 4th generation jet fighter aircraft designed for the air superiority role in the Soviet Union. ...

Montesinos has been found guilty of embezzlement, illegally assuming his post as intelligence chief, abuse of power, influence peddling and bribing TV stations. Those carry sentences of between five and fifteen years, but Peruvian prison sentences are served concurrently, so prosecutors continue to pursue him on additional charges. He has also been found not guilty on two specific charges of corruption and conspiracy related to the mayor of Callao who he was alleged to have helped evade drug trafficking charges.

Montesinos, who is currently serving a 15-year prison term on corruption charges at the top-security naval prison in the port of Callao, was sentenced in September 2006 to a twenty-year prison term for his direct involvement in an illegal arms deal aimed at providing 10,000 assault weapons to Colombian rebels. Tribunal judges made their ruling based on evidence that placed Montesinos, at the center of an intricate web of negotiations designed to transport assault rifles from Jordan to the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, FARC.[13]. The FARC-EPs flag The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – Peoples Army, or FARC-EP) is a militant and revolutionary guerrilla group established in 1964-1966 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party, and is Colombias...

In August 2004, U.S. officials returned to Peru $20 million in funds embezzled by Montesinos that had been deposited in U.S. banks by two men working for him. Prime Minister Carlos Ferrero and other prosecutors believe that the total amount embezzeled by Montesinos during his tenure at the National Intelligence Service surpasses one billion dollars, most of which was deposited in foreign banks. Carlos Ferrero Costa (born 1941) is the current Prime Minister of Peru. ...

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In October 2004 Wilmer Yarleque Ordinola, 44, an alleged member of Montesino's Colina group death squad was apprehended in Virginia, US. He stands accused in 26 of the 7,260 deaths or disappearances attributed to the Colina Group. He was found guilty of immigration fraud and as of October 2004 was in the custody of the U.S. Marshals office in Alexandria, facing extradition to Peru.[14] Image File history File links Gnome_globe_current_event. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...

Jorge Baca Campodonico, former Peruvian Economy Minister (1998-1999) during the Fujimori administration, may now be extradited from Argentina following the Argentinean Supreme Court’s recent decision to reject honoring his diplomatic immunity, a request made years ago. In Peru Baca Campodonico currently faces charges of fraud for his alleged illicit association with Vladimiro Montesinos.^[1] A minister or a secretary is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. ... Extradition is a formal process by which a criminal suspect held by one government is handed over to another government for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence. ... Diplomatic immunity is a form of legal immunity and a policy held between governments, which ensures that diplomats are given safe passage and are considered not susceptible to lawsuit or prosecution under the host countrys laws (although they can be expelled). ...

Montesinos is currently on trial for alleged extra-judicial killings of the MRTA hostage-takers during the 1997 Japanese embassy siege. In addition to Montesinos, the former chief of the armed forces, Nicolas de Bari Hermoza, and retired Colonel Roberto Huaman are also accused of ordering the extra-judicial execution of the 14 rebels following the commando raid in April to free the more than 70 diplomats who had been held hostage for more than four months in the Japanese embassy. The Peruvian special forces’ recapture resulted in the deaths of one hostage, two commandos and all of the MRTA rebels. The former Japanese political attaché Hidetaka Ogura, one of the hostages freed from the Embassy, has stated that he saw up to at least three of the MRTA rebels captured alive. If convicted, Montesinos and the 2 former military officers face up to 20 years in prison.^[2] Extrajudicial punishment is physical punishment without the permission of a court or legal authority, and as such, constitutes a violation of basic human rights (such as those to due process and humane treatment. ... MRTA stands for: Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement of Peru Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand Note: Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transport Authority (MARTA) ... MRTA stands for: Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement of Peru Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand Note: Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transport Authority (MARTA) ... MRTA stands for: Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement of Peru Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand Note: Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transport Authority (MARTA) ...

Notes

External links

• "Army Played 'A Key Role' In Departure Of Fujimori, Intelligence Service Scandals Rankled Peruvian Military" (Washington Post September 18, 2000)
• "Bribes, Lies, and Videotape in Peru" (Business Week February 2, 2001)
• "CIA Gave $10 Million to Peru's Ex-Spymaster" (July 3, 2001)
• Declassified United States NSA documents about Montesinos
• Profile of Vladimiro Montesinos (desaparecidos.org)
• "How to Subvert Democracy: Montesinos in Peru" (by John McMillan and Pablo Zoido, March 2004)
• "Montesinos, Fujimori, Toledo and Peru's future"
• "Peru, the disintegration of the Fujimori regime" (World Socialist website)
• "The Betrayal of Peru's Democracy: Montesinos as Fujimori's Svengali" (Covert Action Quarterly, Summer 1994)
• "'The Doctor' Divided U.S. Officials, CIA Defended Peruvian Against Human-Rights Accusations" (Washington Post, September 22, 2000)
• Montesinos: The end of the road (BBC News, 24 June, 2001)
• "The Meaning of Montesinos"
• "The Spy who would rule Peru"
• "Videomania" (the Economist, February 8 2001)
• "Borron y Manchas Nuevas: Documentos de inteligencia norteamericanos sobre Montesinos" (Caretas) (in Spanish)
• "Montesinos's Web", PBS FRONTLINE/World October 2005. View streaming video of recordings secretly made by former Peruvian intelligence chief Vladimir Montesinos of the CIA station chief, a Peruvian Supreme Court judge and a high-ranking executive of a major U.S. mining company, the documentary itself, as well as Web exclusive features, interview transcripts, FOIA documents and a "gallery of players" involved in the protracted legal dispute over Yanacocha, one of the richest gold mines in the world.