Voice of America (VOA), is the official external radio and television broadcasting service of the United States federal government. Its oversight entity is the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), which is committed to promoting freedom and democracy by broadcasting accurate, objective, and balanced news and information about the U.S. and the world to audiences abroad. Image File history File links VOA_Logo. ... Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video signals (programs) to a number of recipients (listeners or viewers) that belong to a large group. ... This article describes the government of the United States. ... The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) is an independent agency of the United States government, responsible for all U.S. government and government sponsored, non-military, international broadcasting. ...

VOA broadcasts by satellite and on FM, AM, and shortwave radio frequencies. Its programs are also available through the Internet in both streaming media and downloadable formats at www.VOANews.com. VOA has affiliate and contract agreements with many radio and television stations and cable networks worldwide.

Transmission Facilities

One of VOA's radio transmitter facilities was originally based on a 625-acre site in Union Township (now West Chester Township) in Butler County, Ohio, near Cincinnati. The Bethany Relay Station operated from 1944 to 1994. Other former sites include California (Dixon), Hawaii, Okinawa, Liberia, Costa Rica, and Belize. West Chester Township, formerly known as Union Township, is a township located in the southeast corner of Butler County in southwest Ohio, one of thirteen townships in the county. ... Butler County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Voice of Americas Bethany Relay Station was located in Butler County, Ohios Union Township about 25 miles (40 km) north of Cincinnati. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Dixon is a city located 30 miles from Sacramento, California, in Solano County. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ... This article is about the prefecture. ...

Currently, the VOA and the IBB continue to operate shortwave radio transmitters and antenna farms at two sites in the United States, located at Delano, California and Greenville, North Carolina respectively. The Delano site is famous among radio enthusiasts for having a rare installation of a TCI HRS 12/6/1 directional curtain array antenna. Delano is a city located in Kern County, California. ... Nickname: Pro Town USA Location of Greenville shown within North Carolina Coordinates: Country United States State North Carolina County Pitt County Settled 1771 Founded 1774 (Martinsborough) Founded 1786 (Greenville) Mayor Don Parrott Area    - City 68 km²  (26. ...

Languages

The Voice of America currently broadcasts in 45 languages (TV marked with an asterisk):

The number of languages broadcast and the number of hours broadcast in each language vary according to the priorities of the United States Government and the world situation. In 2001, according to an International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) fact sheet, VOA broadcast in 53 languages, with 12 televised. ^[1]For example, in July 2007, VOA added 30 minutes to its daily Somali radio broadcast, providing a full hour of live, up-to-the-minute news and information to listeners. ^[2] Oromo, also known as Afaan Oromoo, Oromiffa(a), and sometimes in other languages as variant spellings of these names (Oromigna, Afan Oromo, etc. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... Cantonese is a major dialect group or language of the Chinese language, a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable language that originated from a non-trivial combination of two or more languages, typically with many features that are not inherited from any parent. ... The term Dari derives from Fârsi-e Darbâri which means Persian of the (royal) courts. It developed at the royal courts of the Samanids (980 AD) in Central Asia and became the major language of Persia. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Special English is a simplified version of the English language used by the United States broadcasting service Voice of America in daily broadcasts. ... Hausa is the Chadic language with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 24 million people, and as a second language by about 15 million more. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Kinyarwanda is the chief spoken language in Rwanda. ... Kirundi (also written Rundi) is a Bantu language (D62 in Guthries classification) spoken by some 6 million people in Burundi and adjacent parts of Tanzania and Congo-Kinshasa, as well as in Uganda. ... The Kurdish language is a language spoken in the region called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. ... Mandarin (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally speech of officials), or Beifanghua (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally Northern Dialect(s)), is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and south-western China. ... The Ndebele language, or isiNdebele, or Sindebele, is an African language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages, and spoken by the AmaNdebele (the Ndebele people). ... Pashto (‎, IPA: also known as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto ‎, Pashtoe, Pashtu, Pushtu or Pushtoo) is an Iranian language spoken by Pashtuns living in Afghanistan and western Pakistan. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Serbian (српски језик; srpski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... ShonaThe word Shona is derived from the Ndebele word itshonalanga(where the sun set)(or ChiShona) is native language of Zimbabwe and southern Zambia; the term is also used to identify those Bantu-language speaking peoples in Southern Africa who speak one of the Shona languages(dialects) namely Zezuru,Karanga... Swahili (also called Kiswahili; see below for derivation) is a Bantu language. ... The Tibetan language is spoken primarily by the Tibetan people who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia, as well as by large number of Tibetan refugees all over the world. ... Tigrigna (or ትግሪኛ) is a Semitic language spoken in Eritrea, where it is the official language, and in parts of Ethiopia and Israel. ... The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in Urdu Urdu () is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family that developed under Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi, and Sanskrit influence in South Asia during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1200-1800). ...

Overview

VOA's parent organization is the presidentially-appointed Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG). The BBG was established as a buffer to protect VOA and other U.S.-sponsored, non-military, international broadcasters from political interference. The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) is an independent agency of the United States government, responsible for all U.S. government and government sponsored, non-military, international broadcasting. ...

History

VOA was organized in 1942 under the Office of War Information with news programs aimed at areas in Japan and the south Pacific and in Europe and North Africa under the occupation of Nazi Germany. VOA began broadcasting on February 24, 1942. In 1952, the Voice of America installed a studio and relay facility aboard a converted U.S. Coast Guard cutter renamed Courier whose target audience was Russia and its allies. The Courier was originally intended to become the first in a fleet of mobile, radio broadcasting ships (see offshore radio) that built upon U.S. Navy experience during WWII in using warships as floating broadcasting stations. However, the Courier eventually dropped anchor off the island of Rhodes, Greece with permission of the Greek government to avoid being branded as a pirate radio broadcasting ship. This VOA offshore station stayed on the air until the 1960s when facilities were eventually provided on land. The Courier supplied training to engineers who later worked on several of the European commercial offshore broadcasting stations of the 1950s and 1960s. The United States Office of War Information (OWI) was a government agency created during World War II to consolidate government information services. ... The South Pacific is an area in the southern Pacific Ocean. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... North Africa is the Mediterranean, northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ... Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory belonging to a state passes to a hostile army. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Coast Guard shield The United States Coast Guard is the coast guard of the United States. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Offshore radio refers to the practice of radio broadcasting from ships or fixed maritime structures, usually in international waters. ... USN redirects here. ... Rhodes (Greek: Ρόδος - Ródos) is the main city of the Greek island of Rhodes, in the Aegean Sea. ... Politics of Greece takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Greece is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... The term pirate radio usually refers to illegal or unregulated radio broadcasting. ...

During the Cold War, the U.S. government placed VOA under the U.S. Information Agency to transmit worldwide, including to the countries behind the Iron Curtain and to the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the 1980s, the USIA established the WORLDNET satellite television service, and in 2004 WORLDNET was merged into VOA. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... The United States Information Agency (USIA), which existed from 1953 to 1999, was a United States agency devoted to what it called public diplomacy. ...

Throughout the Cold War, many of the targeted countries' governments sponsored aggressive, electronic jamming of VOA broadcasts, which sometimes led critics to question the broadcasts' actual impact. However, after the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union, interviews with participants in anti-Soviet movements verified the effectiveness of VOA broadcasts in both transmitting information to closed societies and inspiring their oppressed people to continue to push for democracy and freedom^[3]. The People's Republic of China diligently jams VOA broadcasts ^[4](see Firedrake). Cuba has also been reported to interfere with VOA satellite transmissions to Iran from its Russian-built transmission site at Bejucal^[5]. Firedrake, in Teutonic mythology, is a fire-breathing reptilian creature, occasionally winged. ... Bejucal is one of the 26 municipalities (municipios in Spanish) in the La Habana province, Cuba. ...

In the 1980s, VOA also added a television service, as well as special regional programs to Cuba, Radio Martí and TV Martí. Cuba has consistently attempted to jam such broadcasts and has vociferously protested U.S. broadcasts directed at Cuba. Radio Martí is a radio and television broadcaster based in Miami, Florida, financed by the United States government (Broadcasting Board of Governors), which transmits Spanish-language radio broadcasts to Cuba. ... TV Martí was created by the US Government to provide news and current affairs programming to Cuba. ...

In 1994, the Voice of America became the first [3] broadcast-news organization to offer continuously updated programs on the Internet. Content in English and 44 other languages is currently available online through a distributed network of commercial providers, using more than 20,000 servers across 71 countries. Since many listeners in Africa and other areas still receive much of their information via radio and have only limited access to computers, VOA continues to maintain regular shortwave-radio broadcasts.

Laws governing VOA-IBB's activities

Under United States law (Section 501 of the Smith-Mundt Act of 1948), the Voice of America is forbidden to broadcast directly to American citizens. The original intent of this section of the legislation was to address concerns of the U.S.'s commercial radio broadcasting companies, who were worried about the government becoming a commercial rival. Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ... The Smith-Mundt Act of 1948 was a piece of federal legislation in the United States. ... Legislation (or statutory law) is law which has been promulgated (or enacted) by a legislature or other governing body. ... Commercial broadcasting - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Although VOA does not broadcast domestically, Americans can access the programs through shortwave and streaming audio over the Internet. A solid-state, analog shortwave receiver Shortwave radio operates between the frequencies of 3 MHz (3,000 kHz) and 30 MHz (30,000 kHz) [1] and came to be referred to as such in the early days of radio because the wavelengths associated with this frequency range were shorter than... Web radio (or Internet radio) is a broadcasting service transmitted via the Internet. ...

Internal policies

The VOA Charter

To protect the integrity of VOA programming and define the organization's mission, the VOA Charter was drafted in 1960 and signed into law on July 12, 1976, by President Gerald Ford. It reads: Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ...

The long-range interests of the United States are served by communicating directly with the peoples of the world by radio. To be effective, the Voice of America must win the attention and respect of listeners. These principles will therefore govern Voice of America (VOA) broadcasts.

1. VOA will serve as a consistently reliable and authoritative source of news. VOA news will be accurate, objective, and comprehensive.

2. VOA will represent America, not any single segment of American society, and will therefore present a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions.

3. VOA will present the policies of the United States clearly and effectively, and will also present responsible discussions and opinion on these policies.

"Two-Source Rule"

An internal policy of VOA News to build relability is that any story broadcast must have two independently corroborating sources or have a correspondent actually witnessing an event, according to former VOA correspondent Alan Heil.^[6] This rule was confirmed by Ted Iliff, Associate Director for Central Programming for VOA.^[7]

Broadcasting Board of Governors services

The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), a bipartisan panel of eight private citizens appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate (the U.S. Secretary of State is an ex officio member of the Board), is the oversight body for official U.S. international broadcasts by both federal agencies and government-funded corporations. In addition to VOA, these include the Office of Cuba Broadcasting (OCB, which includes Radio and TV Marti) and grantee corporations: the Middle East Broadcasting Network (MBN, which includes Radio Sawa and Al Hurra television in Arabic); Radio Farda (in Farsi) for Iran; Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty and Radio Free Asia, which are aimed at the ex-communist states and countries under oppressive regimes in Asia. In recent years, VOA has expanded its television coverage to many areas of the world. The presidential seal is a well-known symbol of the presidency. ... Seal of the United States Department of State. ... This page lists direct English translations of Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and et cetera. ... International broadcasting is broadcasting deliberately aimed at a foreign, rather than a domestic, audience. ... Radio Sawa is an Arabic language radio station, funded by the United States government. ... Alhurra or Al Hurra (الحرّة, United States-based satellite TV channel, sponsored by the U.S. government, that began broadcasting on February 14, 2004 in 22 countries across the Middle East. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Radio Farda is a Persian language radio station based in the Czech capital Prague. ... Farsi may refer to: The name of the the Persian language among native speakers Farsi Island, an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf The Jafari Shia Tajiks of Central Asia Salman al-Farsi, one of the prophet Muhammads companions Al-Farisi (1260-1320), Persian mathematician and physicist Jalaleddin Farsi... Cover of Radio Liberty booklet The Most Important Job in the World Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a radio and communications organization which is funded by the United States Congress. ... Radio Free Asia was created by the International Broadcasting Act of 1994 and began its operations in 1996. ... A map of countries who declared themselves to be socialist states under the Marxist-Leninist or Maoist definition (in other words, Communist states) at some point in their history. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ...

Many Voice of America announcers, such as Willis Conover, host of Jazz USA, Pat Gates, host of the Breakfast Club in the 1980s, and Judy Massa became worldwide celebrities, although not in the United States. Willis Conover (1920-May 17, 1996) was a jazz producer and broadcaster on the Voice of America for over forty years. ... “Megastar” redirects here. ...

The Voice of America headquarters is located at 330 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC, 20237, USA. In Washington, D.C., Independence Avenue is a major east-west street running just south of the United States Capitol in the citys Southwest and Southeast quadrants. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United...

Urdu Service

The Voice of America program Beyond the Headlines is telecast in Pakistan by GEO TV, VOA's affiliate and one of the country's most popular stations. This half-hour program features reports on politics, social issues, science, sports, culture, entertainment, and other issues of interest to Pakistanis. Geo TV or GEO Television is an Urdu Pakistani television network that was established in May 2002 and officially began transmission in October 2002. ...

A comparison of VOA-RFE-RL-RM (IBB) to other broadcasters

Output of IBB compared to other broadcasters (1950-1996).

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1453x2181, 87 KB) Summary Estimated {Hours/Week} for International Broadcasters (1950-1996). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1453x2181, 87 KB) Summary Estimated {Hours/Week} for International Broadcasters (1950-1996). ...

Ethiopian VOA Crisis

In the 1980s VOA Ethiopian service was mostly used as a rare opposition voice against the marxist dictator Mengistu's government. Due to Mengistu's alliance with the Soviet Union, VOA was often accused of becoming a propaganda voice supporting the militant opposition EPRP, which carried out a guerrilla insurgency against Mengistu's pro-Soviet regime.^[8][9] After an alliance of various Ethiopian rebels overthrew Mengistu's regime in 1991, since EPRP and similar groups still were not able to gain power, VOA mostly became a propaganda voice against the newly formed Ethiopian government.^[10] The extremeness of the bias went as far as anti-government VOA reporters wanting to fabricate a death of the Ethiopian Prime Minister.^[11][12] Since the service has millions of audience in Ethiopia, many argue that VOA plays a negative role in the polarization of Ethiopian politics. VOA also gave air time for rebel groups that are designated as terrorist organizations by the Ethiopian government. Most accused VOA for allowing terrorist organizations spread propaganda that often helps recruit dissidents to take arms against the authorities.^[13][14] As the result some Ethiopians living America also started to hold demonstrations against VOA.^[15] Accordingly many Ethiopians wrote petitions as well as held more rallies against the bias and often provocative reporting of VOA's Amharic language section. ^{[16] [17]} Mengistu Haile Mariam (born 1937) was the head of state of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991. ... The Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Party (EPRP) was a prominent Marxist organization in Ethiopia during the 1970s. ...

Currently, there are still noticeable issues being reported and a former VOA manager once condemned the Amharic language version of VOA, calling it a "virtual takeover of the service by Ethiopia opponents."^[18] Even the Tigrayan language VOA service (Which is the language of most pro-government Ethiopians) is often controlled by pro-Eritrean government Tigrayan speakers who often spread propaganda against the Ethiopian government. Many continue to accuse VOA Ethiopian reporters, who are often exiled politicians, of utilizing "Dirty Tricks in Broadcasting" which appear objective in general but contain anti-government messages as well as contain interviews with anti-government militant leaders.^[19] Note: This article contains special characters. ...

Most recently, the Horn of Africa service of the Voice of America was condemned for censorship of news.^[20] According to African Path, an Africa centered media outlet, that section of VOA concealed news that portrayed some anti-government Diaspora Ethiopian politicians in a bad picture. It claimed that the age old VOA crisis regarding its broadcast to Ethiopia have not diminished. ^[21][22] For other uses, see Diaspora (disambiguation). ...

Programming

Voice of America's central newsroom has hundreds of journalists and dozens of full-time domestic and overseas correspondents, who are employees of the U.S. government or paid contractors. They are augmented by hundreds of contract correspondents and part-time "stringers" throughout the world, who file in English or in one of the VOA's 44 other radio broadcast languages, 25 of which are also broadcast on television. Part time refers to the amount of time and effort spent by someone in employment (or another activity, such as volunteering) compared to a normal full-time job. ...

In late 2005, VOA shifted some of its central-news operation to Hong Kong where contracted writers work from a "virtual" office with counterparts on the overnight shift in Washington, D.C.

Many of the radio and television broadcasts are available through VOA's website at http://www.VOANews.com.

Controversy

National sovereignty

The Cuban government and allied critics have suggested that the U.S. government violates national sovereignty by broadcasting and operating in their countries.^[23] This argument is made despite open attempts of the Cuban government to jam VOA broadcasts^[24][25][26], as well as its use of equally powerful shortwave transmissions of English-language political broadcasts and communiques directed at the United States. Time interval signals identical to those used by Radio Havana Cuba have also been detected in coded numbers station broadcasts that are allegedly linked to espionage activity in the U.S.^[27]. Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e. ... Radio Habana Cuba (RHC) is the official international broadcasting station of Cuba. ... Numbers stations are shortwave radio stations of uncertain origin. ...

Paying for appearances

Recently, news media have reported that VOA has for years been paying mainstream media journalists to appear on VOA shows. According to El Nuevo Herald and the Miami Herald, these include: David Lightman, the Hartford Courant's Washington bureau chief; Tom DeFrank, head of the New York Daily News' Washington office; Helle Dale, a former director of the opinion pages of the Washington Times; and Georgie Anne Geyer, a nationally syndicated columnist.^[28] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... El Nuevo Herald is a Knight Ridder newspaper published in Spanish in Miami, Florida. ... The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by Knight Ridder. ... The Washington Times[1] is a daily broadsheet newspaper published in Washington, D.C., United States. ... Georgie Anne Geyer is an American journalist and columnist for the Universal Press Syndicate. ... Definition Inc. ...

In response, spokesmen for the Broadcasting Board of Governors told the newspaper El Nuevo Herald that such payments do not pose a conflict of interest. "For decades, for many years, some of the most respectable journalists in the country have received payments to participate in programs of the Voice of America," one of the spokesmen, Larry Hart, told El Nuevo Herald.^[28] A conflict of interest is a situation in which someone in a position of trust, such as a lawyer, a politician, or an executive or director of a corporation, has competing professional or personal interests. ...

Mullah Omar interview

In late September 2001, VOA aired a report that contained brief excerpts of an interview with then Taliban leader Mullah Omar Mohammad, along with segments from President Bush's post-9/11 speech to Congress, an expert in Islam from Georgetown University, and comments by the foreign minister of Afghanistan's anti-Taliban Northern Alliance. State Department officials including Richard Armitage and others argued that the report amounted to giving terrorists a platform to express their views. In response, reporters and editors argued for VOA's editorial independence from its governors. The VOA received praise from press organizations for its protests, and the following year in 2002, it won the University of Oregon's Payne Award for Ethics in Journalism. The Taliban (Pashto: , stupid or seekers of ignorance) are a fundamentalist Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by American aerial bombardment and Northern Alliance ground forces. ... Mullah Mohammed Omar (Pashto: ملا محمد عمر) (born c. ... Richard L. Armitage Richard Lee Armitage (born April 26, 1945) was the 13th United States Deputy Secretary of State, the second-in-command at the State Department, serving from 2001 to 2005, Previously, he was a high-ranking troubleshooter and negotiator in the Departments of State and Defense. ... Freedom of the press (or press freedom) is the guarantee by a government of free public press for its citizens and their associations, extended to members of news gathering organizations, and their published reporting. ... The Payne Awards for Ethics in Journalism were created at the University of Oregons School of Journalism & Communications in 1999. ...

Abdul Malik Rigi interview

On April 2, 2007, Abdul Malik Rigi, the head of Jundullah, a group identified internationally as "terrorist organization" appeared on Voice of America. VOA introduced Rigi as "the leader of popular Iranian resistance movement". This incident resulted in public condemnation by Iranian-American communities in the U.S.^{[29][30][31][32]} is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... --> Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Abdolmalek Rigi (also Abdul-Malek Rigi) is the leader of Jundallah, a militant organization based in Pakistan affiliated with Al-Qaeda, and Al-Qaeda in Iran. ... Jundullah (Army of God) (Persian: جنداللہ) is a militant Islamic organization that is based in Waziristan, Pakistan and affiliated with Al-Qaeda. ... ... Iranian-Americans (sometimes called Persian-Americans) are Americans of Iranian descent, including those who are expatriates in exile or permanent immigrants. ...

See also

• PRESS TV
• Firedrake
• Radio Free Europe
• Deutsche Welle
• Radio Free Asia
• Pentagon Channel
• American Forces Network
• BBC World Service
• Voice of Russia
• Radio Canada International
• Radio Netherlands
• Radio Taiwan International
• China Radio International
• Border Crossings

PRESS TV is an English-language international television news channel which is based in Tehran and broadcasts in English on a round-the-clock schedule. ... Firedrake, in Teutonic mythology, is a fire-breathing reptilian creature, occasionally winged. ... Cover of Radio Liberty booklet The Most Important Job in the World Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a radio and communications organization which is funded by the United States Congress. ... This article is about the German international broadcaster. ... Radio Free Asia was created by the International Broadcasting Act of 1994 and began its operations in 1996. ... The Pentagon Channel is a TV channel devoted to covering the US Armed Forces, primarily for viewing by these forces and other United States Department of Defense (DoD) employees while stationed in the US. It is widely available on US cable television, can be viewed FTA in Europe, north east... American Forces Network (or AFN) is the brand name used by the United States Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) for its entertainment and command internal information networks worldwide. ... The BBC World Service is one of the most widely recognised international broadcasters of radio programming, transmitting in 33 languages to many parts of the world. ... A 1969 Radio Moscow QSL card Voice of Russia is the Russian governments international radio broadcasting service. ... Radio Canada International (RCI) is the international broadcasting service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). ... Radio Netherlands (RNW, short for Radio Nederland Wereldomroep in Dutch) is a public radio and television network based in Hilversum, producing and transmitting programmes for international audiences outside the Netherlands. ... Radio Taiwan International (RTI) is the call sign for the Central Broadcasting System (CBS) (Chinese: 中央廣播電台 Pinyin: Zhōngyāng-guǎngbō-diàntái) of the Republic of China on Taiwan. ... China Radio International (CRI), (Chinese: 中国国际广播电台, Pinyin: Zhōng Guó Guó Jì Guǎng Bō Diàn Tái) the former Radio Beijing and originally Radio Peking, is one of the two state-owned national radio broadcasting networks in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Border Crossings is a musical radio show that airs on Voice of America. ...

References

External links

• Official website
• VOA news
• Hourly news update in English (ftp, MP3 audio)
• Radio Marti
• IBB Fact Sheet
• The Voice of America: First on the Internet
• Espionage Is In The Air
• Willis Conover Collection from the University of North Texas Libraries. This digital collection features playlists and other materials from Willis Conover, a jazz producer and broadcaster on the Voice of America for over forty years.