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Encyclopedia > Voiced retroflex plosive
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IPA – number 106
IPA – text ɖ
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity ɖ
X-SAMPA d`
Kirshenbaum d.
Sound sample (help· info)

The voiced retroflex plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɖ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d`. The IPA symbol is a lowercase letter d with a rightward-pointing tail protruding from the lower right of the letter. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward pointing hook extending from the bottom of the symbol used for the equivalent alveolar consonant, in this case the voiced alveolar plosive which has the symbol d. Compare d and ɖ. Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... The voiced retroflex plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... HTML has been in use since 1991 (note that the W3C international standard is now XHTML), but the first standardized version with a reasonably complete treatment of international characters was version 4. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci. ... Image File history File links Voiced_retroflex_plosive. ... In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... Sub-apical retroflex plosive In phonetics, retroflex consonants are consonant sounds used in some languages. ... Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. ... The voiced alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...

Contents

Features

Features of the voiced retroflex plosive:

In linguistics, manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs involved in making a sound make contact. ... A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ... Places of articulation (passive & active): 1. ... Sub-apical retroflex plosive In phonetics, retroflex consonants are consonant sounds used in some languages. ... Postalveolar (or palato-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tip of the tongue between the alveolar ridge (the place of articulation for alveolar consonants) and the palate (the place of articulation for palatal consonants). ... Palatalization means pronouncing a sound nearer to the hard palate, making it more like a palatal consonant; this is towards the front of the mouth for a velar or uvular consonant, but towards the back of the mouth for a front (e. ... In phonetics, phonation is the use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... Laryngoscopic view of the vocal folds. ... An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. ... A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue. ... In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Human respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. ...

Occurrence

In English

Although it is not used in most dialects of English, Indian English speakers often realize /d/ as a voiced retroflex plosive (e.g., [ɖiːp] for "deep." This characteristic is due to the influence of Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages, in which retroflexion is phonemic, as contrasted with its dental counterpart. Some speakers of American English produce words such as "border" with [ɖ] as a conditioned allophone of /d/, reflecting place assimilation with /ɹ/, the retroflex approximant. This is a list of varieties of the English language. ... Indian English refers to the dialects or varieties of English spoken primarily in India, and/or by first generation Indian diaspora elsewhere in the world. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. ... The Dravidian family of languages includes approximately 73 languages[1] that are mainly spoken in southern India and northeastern Sri Lanka, as well as certain areas in Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and eastern and central India, as well as in parts of Afghanistan and Iran, and overseas in other countries such... Sub-apical retroflex plosive In phonetics, retroflex consonants are consonant sounds used in some languages. ... In human language, a phoneme is the theoretical representation of a sound. ... For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ... In phonetics, an allophone is one of several similar phones that belong to the same phoneme. ... The retroflex approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...


In other languages

  • Hungarian (some dialects): ad [ɑɖ], "he/she gives"
  • Kannada: ಅಧಸು [ʌɖʌsu], "to join"
  • Nihali: biḍum [biɖum], "one"
  • Norwegian: varde [vɑɖːɛ], "beacon"
  • Pashto: ړﻙ [ɖək], "full"
  • Sanskrit: षडशीति [ʂəɖəɕiːti], "eighty-six"
  • Sardinian: cherveddu [kerˈvɛɖːu], "brain"
  • Sicilian: beddu [ˈbɛɖːu], "handsome"
  • Swedish: nord [nuːɖ], "north"
  • Telugu: అఢరు [ʌɖʌru], "to arise"
  • Malayalam: Pa dd a, "A large group"

Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ ) is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the southern state of Karnataka. ... Nihali is a language isolate of India. ... Pashto (‎, IPA: also known as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto ‎, Pashtoe, Pashtu, Pushtu or Pushtoo) is an Iranian language spoken by Pashtuns living in Afghanistan and western Pakistan. ... The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Sicilian (, Italian: ) is a Romance language. ... Telugu (తెలుగు) is a Dravidian language (South-Central Dravidian languages) primarily spoken in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, where it is the official language. ... Malayalam ( ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ...

References

  • Peter Ladefoged and Ian Maddieson, The Sounds of the World's Languages. Blackwell Publishers, 1996. ISBN 0-631-19815-6
  • Colin P. Masica, The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-521-29944-6

See also

  Consonants (List, table) See also: IPA, Vowels  
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approximants  β̞ ʋ ð̞ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants ʍ w ɥ
Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ
Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Retroflex consonant (689 words)
Retroflex consonants do not occur in European languages except for some in Scandinavia (Swedish, Norwegian) or indigenous languages of Siberia.
Retroflex consonants are concentrated in the Indo-Aryan languages and the Dravidian languages of the Indian subcontinent.
For example, the Iwaidja language of northwestern Australia has a retroflex lateral flap [ɺ̢] as well as a retroflex tap [ɽ] and retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]; and the Dravidian language Toda has a sub-apical retroflex lateral fricative [ɬ̢] and a retroflexed trill [ɽ͡r].
  More results at FactBites »


 

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