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Encyclopedia > Voiced uvular fricative
IPA – number 143
IPA – text ʁ
IPA – image Image:Xsampa-R2.png
entity ʁ
X-SAMPA R
Kirshenbaum g"
Sound sample (help· info)

The voiced uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʁ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is R. This consonant is one of several collectively called guttural R when found in European languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... IPA symbols, detail from Image:Ipa-chart-consonants-pulmonic. ... HTML has been in use since 1991 (note that the W3C international standard is now XHTML), but the first standardized version with a reasonably complete treatment of international characters was version 4. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci. ... Image File history File links Voiced_uvular_fricative. ... A consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... One might be looking for the academic discipline of communications. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... In linguistics, guttural R (throaty R or French R) refers to pronunciation of the phoneme R as a guttural consonant. ...


Because the IPA symbol stands for both the uvular fricative and the uvular approximant, the fricative nature of this sound may be specified by adding the uptack to the letter, [ʁ̝]. (The approximant can be specified by adding the downtack, [ʁ̞].) Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. ... In phonetics, a raised sound is articulated with the tongue or lip raised higher than some reference point. ... In phonetics, a lowered sound is articulated with the tongue or lip lowered (the mouth more open) than some reference point. ...


Features

Features of the voiced uvular fricative:

In linguistics, manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs involved in making a sound make contact. ... Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. ... In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by semi-random, stochastic property changes. ... Places of articulation (passive & active): 1. ... Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants. ... Many animals have longer and more flexible tongues than humans. ... The uvula is a small cone-shaped mass of tissue hanging down from the soft palate, near the back of the throat. ... Phoneticians define phonation as use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. ... A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue. ... In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. ...

Occurs in

In Western Europe, a voiced uvular trill or fricative pronunciation of orthographic r spread from northern French to several dialects and registers of German, Dutch, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and Hebrew. However, not all of these are either uvular or fricative today. In Standard German, r tends to be a uvular fricative or trill initially, but an uvular approximant between vowels, as in Ehre [eʁ̞ə] 'honour'; while in Danish the r is a pharyngeal approximant in all but the most conservative speech. Register or registration may mean: Registration (or licensing) is required of a number of occupations and professions where maintenance of standards is required to protect public safety. ... Hebrew (עִבְרִית ‘Ivrit) is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel, the West Bank, the United States, and by Jewish communities around the world. ... The voiced uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... The voiced pharyngeal approximant/fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...


A voiced uvular fricative is also found in many varieties of European Portuguese for orthographic rr or initial r, as in the name of the city Rio de Janeiro. Ipanema beach, in the South Zone, immortalised by Tom Jobim and Vinicius de Morais song The Girl from Ipanema Rio de Janeiro (meaning River of January in Portuguese), pron. ...


Armenian has a specific letter for this sound: 'Ր'.


Some phonemic transcriptions use the /r/ symbol instead of /ʁ/ for the 'r' sound for ease of typesetting.


See also



A Acoustic phonetics Affricate Airstream mechanism Alfred C. Gimson Allophone Alveolar approximant Alveolar consonant Alveolar ejective fricative Alveolar ejective Alveolar flap Alveolar nasal Alveolar ridge Alveolar trill Alveolo-palatal consonant Apical consonant Approximant consonant Articulatory phonetics aspiration Auditory phonetics B Back vowel Bilabial click Bilabial consonant Bilabial ejective Bilabial nasal...

  Consonants (List, table) See also: IPA, Vowels  
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal   Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b • • t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ  Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
   Approximants    β̞ ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ
Flaps & Taps • v̛ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ
Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  kp ɡb ŋm
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Voiced uvular fricative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (437 words)
Because the IPA symbol stands for both the uvular fricative and the uvular approximant, the fricative nature of this sound may be specified by adding the uptack to the letter, [ʁ̝].
In Western Europe, a voiced uvular trill or fricative pronunciation of orthographic r spread from northern French to several dialects and registers of German, Dutch, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, and Hebrew.
A voiced uvular fricative is also found in many varieties of European Portuguese for orthographic rr or initial r, as in the name of the city Rio de Janeiro.
Uvular consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (494 words)
Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants.
They may be plosives, fricatives, nasal stops, trills, or approximants, though the IPA does not provide a separate symbol for the approximant, and the symbol for the voiced fricative is used instead.
The voiceless uvular fricative [χ] is similar to the voiceless velar fricative [x], except that it is articulated on the uvula.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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