FACTOID # 146: There are 11 countries where the average woman has more than six children. Ten of them are in Africa.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

Encyclopedia > Voiced velar plosive
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.
Please discuss this issue on the talk page or replace this tag with a more specific message.
This article has been tagged since August 2007
Reason:Occurrence section should conform to the agreed upon table format. See this link for the specific guidelines..
Because of technical restrictions the symbol for the voiced velar plosive might be rendered as an uppercase Y instead of an opentail lower-case g on your system.
IPA – number 110
IPA – text ɡ
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity ɡ
X-SAMPA g
Kirshenbaum g
Sound sample (help· info)

The voiced velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɡ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Shortcut: WP:CU Marking articles for cleanup This page is undergoing a transition to an easier-to-maintain format. ... This Manual of Style has the simple purpose of making things easy to read by following a consistent format — it is a style guide. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... The voiced velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... HTML has been in use since 1991 (note that the W3C international standard is now XHTML), but the first standardized version with a reasonably complete treatment of international characters was version 4. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci. ... Image File history File links Voiced_velar_plosive. ... In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... Bold text This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ...


Of the six plosives that would be expected from the most common pattern world-wide, that is, three places of articulation plus voicing ([p b, t d, k ɡ]), [p] and [ɡ] are the most frequently missing, being absent in about 10% of languages that otherwise have this pattern. The former is an areal feature (see Voiceless bilabial plosive). Missing [ɡ], on the other hand, is widely scattered around the world. (A few languages, such as Modern Standard Arabic and Ket, are missing both.) It seems that [ɡ] is somewhat more difficult to articulate than the other basic plosives. Ian Maddieson speculates that this may be due to a physical difficulty in voicing velars: Voicing requires that air flow into the mouth cavity, and the relatively small space allowed by the position of velar consonants means that it will fill up with air quickly, making voicing difficult to maintain in [ɡ] for as long as it is in [d] or [b]. This could have two effects: [ɡ] and [k] might become confused, and the distinction is lost, or perhaps a [ɡ] never develops when a language first starts making voicing distinctions. (Note that with uvulars, where there is even less space between the glottis and tongue for airflow, the imbalance is more extreme: Voiced [ɢ] is much rarer than voiceless [q].) Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [g]. In linguistics, an areal feature is any typological feature shared by languages within the same geographical area. ... The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. ... Modern Standard Arabic is the form of Arabic currently used in Arabic books, newspapers and nearly all written media. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Ian Maddieson is a world-renowned linguist at UC Berkeley, the vice president of the International Phonetic Association. ... The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. ...

Contents

Features

Features of the voiced velar plosive:

In linguistics, manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs involved in making a sound make contact. ... A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ... Places of articulation (passive & active): 1. ... Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... The soft palate, or velum, is the soft tissue comprising the back of the roof of the mouth. ... In phonetics, phonation is the use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... Laryngoscopic view of the vocal folds. ... An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. ... A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue. ... In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Human respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. ...

Varieties of [g]

IPA Description
ɡ plain g
ɡʱ or ɡ̈ breathy voiced or murmured g
ɡʲ palatalized g
ɡʷ labialized g
ɡ̚ unreleased g
ɡ̊ voiceless or slack voice g

Breathy voice or murmured voice is a phonation in which the vocal folds are vibrating as in normal voicing, but the glottal closure is incomplete, so that the voicing is somewhat inefficient and air continues to leak between the vocal folds throughout the vibration cycle with audible friction noise. ... Palatalization means pronouncing a sound nearer to the hard palate, making it more like a palatal consonant; this is towards the front of the mouth for a velar or uvular consonant, but towards the back of the mouth for a front (e. ... Labialisation is a secondary articulatory feature of phonemes in a language, most usually used to refer to consonants. ... An unreleased stop or plosive is a plosive consonant without an audible release burst. ... Phoneticians define phonation as use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... The term slack voice (or lax voice) describes the pronunciation of consonants with a glottal opening slightly wider than that occurring in normal (modal) voice. ...

Occurrence

In English

In English, the sound /ɡ/ is denoted by the letter 'g' as in gum or bag. However, the letter 'g' does not always denote the sound [ɡ]. Sometimes, when followed by 'i' or 'e' or preceded by 'd', it denotes the affricate /dʒ/, as in gin and judgment. When preceded by 'n' and occurring at the end of a morpheme, it often becomes the digraph 'ng', which denotes the velar nasal /ŋ/, as in singer and rung, but not finger. Phonetically, English /ɡ/ is somewhat (although not completely) devoiced and may be represented with a diacritic: [ɡ̥]. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... An affricate is a consonant that begins like a stop (most often an alveovelar, such as [t] or [d]) and that doesnt have a release of its own, but opens directly into a fricative (or, in one language, into a trill). ... In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest lingual unit that carries a semantic interpretation. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The velar nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...


In other languages

  • Abkhaz: ажыга [aˈʐəɡa], "shovel"
  • Arabic (Egyptian): راجل [ɾæːɡɪl], "man"
  • Czech: gram [ɡram], "gramme"
  • French: gain [ɡɛ̃], "earnings"
  • Georgian: გული [ˈɡuli], "back"
  • German: Lüge [ˈlyːɡə], "lie"
  • Greek: γκάρισμα [ˈɡarizma], "donkey's bray"
  • Hindi: गाना [gɑnɑ], "song"
  • Hungarian: engedély [ɛŋɡɛdeːj], "permission"
  • Italian: fegato [ˈfeɡato], "liver"
  • Japanese: がん (gan) [ɡaɴ], "cancer"
  • Norwegian: gull [ɡʉl], "gold"
  • Polish: gęsty [ˈɡɛ̃stɨ], "thick"
  • Portuguese: língua [ˈlĩɡwɐ], "tongue"
  • Russian: голова [ɡəlʌˈva], "head"
  • Somali: gaabi [ɡaːbi], "to shorten"
  • Spanish: ángulo ['aŋɡulo], "angle"
  • Turkish: göl [ɡœl], "lake"

Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken mainly in Abkhazia[1] and Turkey. ... Egyptian Arabic (MarÄ«, مصري) is the modern Egyptian vernacular, and the national language of Egypt. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the two central official languages of India, the other being English. ...

The symbol

Strictly, the IPA symbol is the so-called "opentail G" , though the "looptail G" is considered an acceptable alternative. The Unicode character "Latin small letter G" (U+0067) renders as either an opentail G or a looptail G depending on font, while the character "Latin small letter script G" (U+0261) is always an opentail G, but is generally available only in fonts with the IPA Extensions character block. Image File history File links Opentail_g. ... Image File history File links Looptail_g. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ...


See also

  Consonants (List, table) See also: IPA, Vowels  
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approximants  β̞ ʋ ð̞ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants ʍ w ɥ
Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ
Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Voiced velar plosive information - Search.com (601 words)
Because of technical restictions the symbol for the voiced velar plosive might be rendered as an uppercase Y instead of an opentail lower-case g on your system.
Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
Its place of articulation is velar which means it is articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the velum).
Amazon.com: "voiced velar plosive": Key Phrase page (306 words)
Either of the variant letter shapes [g] and [g] may be used to represent the voiced velar plosive.
terms such as kilogram, kilometru) and the voiceless velar plosive is represented by c (ch before front vowels).
Similarly, the voiced velar plosive is represented by g (gh before front vowels).
  More results at FactBites »

 

COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your location
Your comments
Please enter the 5-letter protection code


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms.