The voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ts͡ (previously ʦ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts. The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in such languages as German, Esperanto, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin Chinese, among many others. In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... Look up Speech in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... Look up Esperanto in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is on all of the Northern Chinese dialects. ...

For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... HTML has been in use since 1991 (note that the W3C international standard is now XHTML), but the first standardized version with a reasonably complete treatment of international characters was version 4. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci. ... Image File history File links Voiceless_alveolar_affricate. ...

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
• Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the center of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

In linguistics, manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs involved in making a sound make contact. ... A sibilant is a type of fricative or affricate, made by directing a jet of air through a narrow channel towards the sharp edge of the teeth. ... Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as or ), but release as a fricative such as or (or, in a couple of languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. ... In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic, stochastic property changes. ... Places of articulation (passive & active): 1. ... Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. ... An alveolar ridge is one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth. ... An apical consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the apex of the tongue (i. ... A laminal consonant is a phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, which is the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue. ... In phonetics, phonation is the use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. ... A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue. ... In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. ...

In English

This sound is not an English phoneme. Loanwords that begin with this sound in their original language, such as tsunami or tsar, are often pronounced with just the fricative aspect (i.e. as sunami and sar respectively). Words like cats and pizza exhibit the consonant cluster /ts/, which is very similar phonetically, but can differ on morphological (/kæt+s/) and phonemic (/piːt.sə/) grounds. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Other languages

Voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in:

• Albanian: cimbidh [ts͡imbið] "tongs"
• Czech: co [ts͡o] "what"
• Esperanto: ceceo [ts͡eˈts͡eo] "tsetse fly"
• Quebec French: petit [pəˈts͡i] "small"
• German: zehn [ts͡e:n] "ten"
• Hungarian: cica [ˈts͡its͡a] "kitten"
• Italian: pizza [ˈpitts͡a]
• Pashto: [ts͡aˈlor] "four"
• Polish: cebula [ts͡ɛˈbula] "onion"
• Romanian: fraţi [ˈfrats͡i] "brothers"
• Does not exist in stardard Azeri but in some Western dialects replaces /tʃ/ (written as ç) and/or /c/ (written as k).
• In Hebrew, this sound is represented by the letter צ (pronounced Tsadi).