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Encyclopedia > Voiceless bilabial plosive
IPA – number 101
IPA – text p
IPA – image Image:Xsampa-p.png
Entity p
X-SAMPA p
Kirshenbaum p
Sound sample (help· info)

The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is p, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p. The voiceless bilabial plosive in English is spelled with 'p', as in pit or speed. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... HTML has been in use since 1991 (note that the W3C international standard is now XHTML), but the first standardized version with a reasonably complete treatment of international characters was version 4. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci. ... Image File history File links Voiceless_bilabial_plosive. ... A consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... One might be looking for the academic discipline of communications. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ...


[p] is missing from about 10% of languages that have a [b]. (See [g] for another such gap.) This is an areal feature of the "circum-Saharan zone" (Africa north of the equator, including the Arabian peninsula). It is not known how old this areal feature is, and whether it might be a recent phenomenon due to Arabic as a prestige language (Arabic lost its [p] in prehistoric times), or whether Arabic was itself affected by a more ancient areal pattern. It is found in other areas as well; for example, Proto-Celtic is reconstructed as having [b] but no [p]. The voiced velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... In linguistics, an areal feature is any typological feature shared by languages within the same geographical area. ... The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages. ...


Nonetheless, the [p] sound is very common cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain [p], and some distinguish more than one variety. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [p]. Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. ...

Contents


Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial plosive:

In linguistics, manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs involved in making a sound make contact. ... A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ... Places of articulation (passive & active): 1. ... In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. ... The lips of a female Lips are a visible organ at the mouth of humans and many animals. ... Phoneticians define phonation as use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. ... A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue. ... In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. ...

Varieties of the voiceless bilabial plosive

IPA Description
p plain p
pʰ aspirated p
pʲ palatalized p
pʷ labialized p
p˺ unreleased p
p̌ voiced p
pʼ ejective p

In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some stop consonants. ... Palatalization means pronouncing a sound nearer to the hard palate, making it more like a palatal consonant; this is towards the front of the mouth for a velar or uvular consonant, but towards the back of the mouth for a front (e. ... Labialisation is secondary articulatory feature of sounds in a language, most usually used to refer to consonants. ... An unreleased stop or plosive is a plosive consonant without an audible release burst. ... Phoneticians define phonation as use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... Ejective consonants are a class of consonants which may contrast with aspirated or unaspirated consonants in a language. ...

In Arabic

Arabic has no [p], original Semitic [p] (as attested to in Akkadian) having become [f] in prehistoric times. Native speakers of Arabic usually render foreign [p] as [b] in both speech and writing, so that the Greek name Paulus becomes Arabic Bulus, for example. Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...


In English

English has both aspirated and plain [p], but they are allophones. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... In phonetics, an allophone is one of several similar phones that belong to the same phoneme. ...


When [p] occurs at the beginning of a word or a stressed syllable, like in print, support, or potato, then it is always aspirated. When it occurs at the beginning of an unstressed syllable that isn't at the beginning of a word, like in occupant, vapid, or keeper, then it is always unaspirated. When [p] occurs in a consonant cluster following [s], like in spin, sprain, or suspend, then it is always unaspirated. When it occurs at the end of a word, like in tip, wasp, or telescope, then it is usually unaspirated, and if the word is at the end of an utterance, then the [p] is often unreleased. In linguistics, stress is the emphasis given to some syllables (often no more than one in each word, but in many languages, long words have a secondary stress a few syllables away from the primary stress, as in the words cóunterfòil or còunterintélligence. ... A syllable (Ancient Greek: ) is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. ... In linguistics, a consonant cluster is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. ... An utterance is a complete unit of talk, bounded by silence. ...


In Georgian

Georgian has aspirated and ejective [p]. They are distinct phonemes, not allophones. Aspirated p is spelled with ფ. Ejective p is spelled with პ .


In German

In German, plain [p] is an allophone of voiced [b], while the phoneme written as p corresponds to aspirated [pʰ]. This is not the case in all German dialects, however, and nor [pʰ] does not exist in Austro-Bavarian[citation needed]. Á á É é Í í Ó ó Ú ú À à È è ÃŒ ì Ã’ ò Ù ù  â Ê ê ÃŽ î Ô ô Û û Ä ä Ë ë Ï ï Ö ö Ãœ ü ß Ã ã Ñ ñ Õ õ Ç ç Ä¢ Ä£ Ķ Ä· Ä» ļ Å… ņ Å– Å— Åž ÅŸ Å¢ Å£ Ć ć Ĺ ĺ Ń Å„ Å” Å• Åš Å› Ý ý Ź ź Đ Ä‘ Å® ů ÄŒ č ÄŽ ď Ľ ľ Ň ň Ř Å™ Å  Å¡ Ť Å¥ Ž ž Ǎ ÇŽ Äš Ä› Ǐ ǐ Ç‘ Ç’ Ç“ Ç” Ä€ ā Ä’ Ä“ Ī Ä« ÅŒ ō Ū Å« Ç– ǘ Çš Çœ Ĉ ĉ Äœ ĝ Ĥ Ä¥ Ä´ ĵ Åœ ŝ Å´ ŵ Ŷ Å· Ä‚ ă Äž ÄŸ Ŭ Å­ ÄŠ Ä‹ Ä– Ä— Ä  Ä¡ Ä° ı Å» ż Ä„ Ä… Ę Ä™ Ä® į Ų ų Ł Å‚ Ő Å‘ Å° ű Ä¿ Å€ Ħ ħ Ð ð Þ þ Å’ Å“ Æ æ Ø ø Ã… Ã¥ Ə É™ – — … [] [[]] {{}} ~ | ° § → # ≈ ± − × ¹ ² ³ ‘ “ ’ ” ¢ £ € Â¥ Α α Î’ β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Îœ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π Ï€ Ρ ρ Σ σ Ï‚ Τ Ï„ Î¥ Ï… Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω ʈ É– ÉŸ É¡ É¢ Ê¡ Ê” ɸ ʃ Ê’ É• Ê‘ Ê‚ ʐ ʝ É£ ʁ Ê• Êœ Ê¢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ Å‹ É´ Ê‹ ɹ É» É° Ê™ Ê€ ɾ ɽ É« ɬ É® ɺ É­ ÊŽ ÊŸ É¥ ʍ ɧ É“ É— Ê„ É  Ê› ʘ Ç€ ǃ Ç‚ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ÊŠ ɘ ɵ ɤ Éš É› Éœ ɝ Éž ÊŒ É” ɐ ɶ É‘ É’ Ê° Ê· ʲ Ë  ˤ ⁿ Ë¡ ˈ ËŒ ː Ë‘ ...


In Greek

Ancient Greek had plain and aspirated [p] phonemes, written pi (π) and phi (φ) respectively. The aspirated form developed into [f] by Hellenistic times, perhaps earlier. In reading ancient Greek, both in Greece and elsewhere, φ is commonly pronounced [f]. Note: This article contains special characters. ...


In standard Modern Greek, there is only [p] (π); φ is pronounced [f]. Modern Greek (Νεοελληνική, lit. ...


See also

  Consonants (List, table) See also: IPA, Vowels  
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal   Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b • • t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ  Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
   Approximants    β̞ ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ
Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ
Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Voiceless bilabial plosive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (637 words)
The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages.
The voiceless bilabial plosive in English is spelled with 'p', as in pit or speed.
Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
Voiceless bilabial plosive at AllExperts (461 words)
* Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
* Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
* Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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