The Volkswagen Type 1, more commonly known as the Beetle, is an economy car produced by the German automaker Volkswagen from 1938 until 2003. Although the names "Beetle" and "Bug" were quickly adopted by the public, it was not until August of 1967 that VW itself began using the name Beetle in marketing materials. It had previously been known only as either the "Type I" or as the 1200 (twelve-hundred), 1300 (thirteen-hundred) or 1500 (fifteen-hundred), which had been the names under which the vehicle was marketed in Europe prior to 1967; the numbers denoted the vehicle's engine size in cubic centimeters. In 1998, many years after the original model had been dropped from the lineup in most of the world (it continued in Mexico and a handful of other countries until 2003) VW introduced the "New Beetle" (built on a Volkswagen Golf platform), bearing a cosmetic resemblance to the original. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Automakers, also known as carmakers, automobile manufacturers, motor manufacturers, or the automobile industry are companies that design and manufacture automobiles. ... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... The Volkswagen New Beetle is a compact car introduced by Volkswagen in 1998, drawing heavily on the design cues of the original Beetle. ... The Volkswagen Golf (Mark 1 and Mark 5 badged as Volkswagen Rabbit in the United States and Canada, Caribe in Mexico) is a compact car / small family car that Volkswagen manufactures. ... Car classification is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories. ... An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low cost operation. ... Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. ... A cabriolet was a light, two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage with a folding calash top, seating two persons facing forwards, one of whom was the driver. ... The Peugeot 406 Coupé, designed by Pininfarina 1990 Mercedes-Benz 560SEC coupé, noted for its large, angular design 1997 Rover Vitesse Coupe, club coupé Rover P5 Coupe, a traditional four-door coupé Mercedes CLS, a modern four-door coupé Gala-Coupé of Leopold II, Brussels 1970s Sunbeam Alpine fastback coup... A flat-4 is a four cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a flat configuration, also referred to as horizontally opposed. ... A flat-4 is a four cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a flat configuration, also referred to as horizontally opposed. ... A flat-4 is a four cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a flat configuration, also referred to as horizontally opposed. ... A flat-4 is a four cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a flat configuration, also referred to as horizontally opposed. ... The Volkswagen New Beetle is a compact car introduced by Volkswagen in 1998, drawing heavily on the design cues of the original Beetle. ... An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low cost operation. ... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... The Volkswagen New Beetle is a compact car introduced by Volkswagen in 1998, drawing heavily on the design cues of the original Beetle. ... The Volkswagen Golf (Mark 1 and Mark 5 badged as Volkswagen Rabbit in the United States and Canada, Caribe in Mexico) is a compact car / small family car that Volkswagen manufactures. ...

Although widely disdained for its peculiar styling, weak power, rough ride, and high noise levels,^{[citation needed]} it was ultimately the longest and most produced automobile for a single design. It remained a top seller even as rear-wheel drive conventional subcompacts were refined until ultimately replaced by front-wheel drive models. Most other nameplates are applied to succeeding generations of redesigned platforms, including its replacement, the Golf / Rabbit. The Beetle car was the benchmark for both generations of American compact cars such as the Chevrolet Corvair and subcompact cars such as the Ford Pinto and Chevrolet Vega. In the international poll for the award of the world's most influential car of the twentieth century the Beetle came fourth after the Ford Model T, the Mini and the Citroën DS. The Rambler American introduced in the late 1950s was an early compact car. ... Corvair convertible The Chevrolet Corvair was an automobile produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors from 1960 to 1969. ... AMC Gremlin A subcompact car is an automobile in a vehicle size class smaller than a compact car but larger than a city car (and known as superminis in Europe). ... The Ford Pinto was an American subcompact car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company, first introduced in 1971, and built through the 1980 model year. ... The then-innovative Chevrolet Vega was a subcompact car sold from 1971 through 1977. ... The Car of the Century (COTC) was an international award given to the worlds most influential car of the Twentieth Century. ... For the blues musician, see T-Model Ford. ... For the new MINI, see MINI (BMW). ... 1974 Citroën DS23 Pallas Directional headlight detail of a Citroën DS21 Swedish-spec Citroën DS with headlight wipers Citroën DS Break - also known as the Safari, Familiale, or Wagon 1966 Citroën DS Convertible Turn indicators were mounted in the upper corners of the rear window...

History

"The People's Car"

Advertisement from ca. 1939 says "Five mark a week you must put aside - If in your own car you want to ride!"

Porsche Typ 12

In 1933, Adolf Hitler submitted sketches^[1] to Ferdinand Porsche of a proposed "Volks-Wagen" ("People's Car"), a basic vehicle that should be capable of transporting two adults and three children at a speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). The People's Car would be made available to citizens of the Third Reich through a savings scheme, which set the price of the car at an impressively low 990 Reichsmark, which was about the price of a small Motorcycle at the time, an average income being around 32RM/week. ^[2] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (662x941, 101 KB) Summary This is an old image of the Beetle when it was called KdF-Wagen. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (662x941, 101 KB) Summary This is an old image of the Beetle when it was called KdF-Wagen. ... User(s) Germany Subunit 1/100 Reichspfennig Symbol RM Reichspfennig Rpf. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x469, 270 KB) {{Information| (Uploaded using CommonsHelper or PushForCommons) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Volkswagen Beetle ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x469, 270 KB) {{Information| (Uploaded using CommonsHelper or PushForCommons) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Volkswagen Beetle ... Hitler redirects here. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... User(s) Germany Subunit 1/100 Reichspfennig Symbol RM Reichspfennig Rpf. ...

Hitler's commissioning of the "People's Car" did not necessitate a clean-sheet car design. Ferdinand Porsche had already formulated the original parameters of a car design similar to the final production version of the Beetle several years before it was commissioned, and had already built working prototypes by 1931. Erwin Komenda, Porsche's chief designer, was responsible for the design and styling of the car. However its production only became financially viable when it was backed by the Third Reich. Before the large-scale production of the "People's Car" could commence, war broke out, and available manufacturing capacity was shifted to producing military-use vehicles. Production of civilian VW automobiles did not start until after the post-war occupation began. Erwin Komenda (April 6, 1904 - August 22, 1966) was the designer of the bodies for the VW Beetle and various Porsche sports cars. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...

The military Beetle & production up to 1945

Kommandeurwagen

Initially called the Porsche 60 by Ferdinand Porsche, it was officially named the KdF-Wagen when the project was launched. The name refers to Kraft durch Freude, or "Strength through Joy", the official leisure organization. It was later known as the Type 1, but became more commonly known as the Beetle after World War II. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 640 × 465 pixelsFull resolution (640 × 465 pixel, file size: 67 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Volkswagen Beetle Volkswagen Kübelwagen ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 640 × 465 pixelsFull resolution (640 × 465 pixel, file size: 67 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Volkswagen Beetle Volkswagen Kübelwagen ... Kraft durch Freude (abbreviated KdF and meaning strength through joy), was a large state-controlled leisure organization in Nazi Germany, a part of the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF), the national German labour organization. ...

Prototypes appeared from 1935 onwards; the first prototypes were produced by Daimler-Benz in Stuttgart, Germany. The car already had its distinctive round shape and its air-cooled, rear-mounted engine. However, the factory had only produced a handful of cars by the time war started in 1939. Consequently, the first volume-produced versions of the car's chassis were military vehicles, the Jeep-like Kübelwagen Typ 82 (approx. 52,000 built) and the amphibious Schwimmwagen Typ 166 (approx. 14,000 built). Daimler-Benz AG was founded on May 1, 1924 by the merger of Benz & Cie. ... Stuttgart is the capital of Baden-Württemberg, Germany and has about 600,000 inhabitants (June 2004). ... The Volkswagen air cooled engine is one of the most widely used and versatile internal combustion engines in the world. ... For other uses, see Engine (disambiguation). ... Look up Chassis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Jeep (disambiguation). ... A 1951 VW Kübelwagen (LIM 111). ... Schwimmwagen from the December 1944 issue of the Intelligence Bulletin. ...

The car was designed to be as simple as possible mechanically, so that there was less to go wrong; the aircooled 985 cc 25 hp (19 kW) motors proved especially effective in actions of the German Afrika Korps in Africa's desert heat. This was due to the built-in oil-cooler and the superior performance of the flat-four engine configuration. The innovative suspension design used compact torsion beams instead of coil or leaf springs. The seal of the Deutsches Afrikakorps. ... This article is about arid terrain. ... For other uses, see Heat (disambiguation) In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is energy transferred from one body or system to another due to a difference in temperature. ... A flat-4 is a four cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a flat configuration. ... Torsion beam suspension, also known as a torsion bar or torsion spring suspension, is a vehicle suspension system. ... A compression coil spring A tension coil spring A selection of conical coil springs A Coil spring, also known as a helical spring, is a mechanical device, which is typically used to store energy and subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between contacting surfaces. ... A traditional leaf spring arrangement. ...

The city of Stadt des KdF-Wagens was created in Lower Saxony in 1938 for the benefit of the workers at the factory. Wolfsburg is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

A handful of civilian-specific Beetles were produced, primarily for the Nazi elite, in the years 1940–1945, but production figures were small. In response to gasoline shortages, a few wartime "Holzbrenner" Beetles were fueled by wood pyrolysis gas producers under the hood. In addition to the Kübelwagen, Schwimmwagen, and handful of others, the factory managed another wartime vehicle: the Kommandeurwagen; a Beetle body mounted on the Kübelwagen chassis. In times of armed conflict a civilian is any person who is not a combatant. ... Nazism, or National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the totalitarian ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party, German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) under Adolf Hitler. ... For other uses, see Elite (disambiguation). ... “Petrol” redirects here. ... Simple sketch of pyrolysis chemistry Pyrolysis usually means the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

A total of 669 Kommandeurwagens were produced until 1945, when all production was halted due to heavy damage sustained in Allied air raids on the factory. Much of the essential equipment had already been moved to underground bunkers for protection, allowing production to resume quickly once hostilities had ended. A bunker is a defensive warfare fortification to protect oneself. ...

Post-war Production & Boom

After the end of World War II, a shortage of local jobs led to the Wolfsburg factory being re-opened by Allied forces and production of the Type 1 recommencing. The re-opening of the factory is largely accredited to British army officer Major Ivan Hirst (1916–2000) ^[3]. After the war, Hirst was ordered to take control of the heavily bombed factory, which the Americans had captured. His first task was to remove the unexploded bomb which had fallen through the roof and lodged itself between some pieces of irreplaceable production equipment; if the bomb had exploded, the Beetle's fate would have been sealed. Hirst persuaded the British military to order 20,000 of the cars^[4], and by 1946 the factory was producing 1,000 cars a month. During this period the car and its town changed their Nazi-era names to Volkswagen (people's car) and Wolfsburg, respectively. The first 1,785 Beetles were made in a factory near Wolfsburg in 1945. Major Ivan Hirst (March 4, 1916 - March 10, 2000), was a British Army officer who was instrumental in reviving Volkswagen from a single factory in Wolfsburg, Germany to a postwar major automotive manufacturer. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... Wolfsburg is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ...

Following the Army-lead restart of production, Heinz Nordhoff was appointed director of the Volkswagen factory^[5], under whom production increased dramatically over the following decade, with the one-millionth car coming off the assembly line by 1955. During this Post-war period, the Beetle had superior performance in its category with a top speed of 115 km/h (72 mph) and 0-100 km/h (0-60 mph) in 27.5 seconds on 7.6 l/100 km (31mpg) for the standard 25 kW (34 hp) engine. This was far superior to the Citroen 2CV and Morris Minor and even competitive with more modern small cars like the Mini of the 1960s and later. Heinrich Nordhoff Heinrich Nordhoff (January 6, 1899 – April 12, 1968) was a German engineer famous for his leadership of the Volkswagen company as it was rebuilt after World War II. He is usually referred to as Heinz Nordhoff. ... Modern car assembly line. ... 1960 2CV. Notice suicide doors The 2CV (deux chevaux - French, literally two horses, from the tax power rating) was a popular French car made by Citroën. ... Later Morris Minor Van with aftermarket rear side windows Morris Minor Traveller (estate) Morris Minor Rally The revolutionary Morris Minor (the prototype was called Mosquito) was launched at the Earls Court Motor Show on 20 September, 1948. ... For the new MINI, see MINI (BMW). ...

The engine fired up immediately without a choke and could only be heard in the car when idling. It had excellent road-handling and was economical to maintain. Although a small car, the engine has great elasticity and gave the feeling of better output than its small nominal size (see power below). However, the opinion of some in the United States was not as flattering out of frustration that it was the top-selling foreign car in the US market. Henry Ford II once described the car as 'A little box^{[citation needed]}.' During the 1960s and early 1970s, innovative advertising campaigns and a reputation for reliability and sturdiness helped production figures to surpass the levels of the previous record holder, the Ford Model T, when Beetle No. 15,007,034 was produced on February 17, 1972. By 1973 total production was over 16 million, and by June 23, 1992 there had been over 21 million produced. Look up Power in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Henry Ford II Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 — September 29, 1987), commonly known as Hank the Deuce, was the son of Edsel Ford and grandson of Henry Ford. ... “Advert” redirects here. ... For the blues musician, see T-Model Ford. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Beetle is the world's best-selling car design; though more units of the Toyota Corolla brand have been sold, there have been many total redesigns of the Corolla, each amounting to a new car design with the same name. The Toyota Corolla is a compact car produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. ...

Rear, restored 1949 VW Bug Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...	VW Standard of 1950 Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2126x1494, 803 KB) Bildbeschreibung: VW Standard, Baujahr 1950 Quelle: Spurzem Fotograf: Lothar Spurzem Datum: 17. ...	Rear, restored 1961 VW Bug with sunroof Image File history File linksMetadata 1961BeetleRear. ...	Dashboard of a Mexican 1969 VW Bug Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 563 KB) Summary Slightly modified interior of a 1969 Mexican VW Bug. ...
Rear, restored 1971 VW Beetle in Sri Lanka Image File history File links VW_in_kandy1. ...	Interior of a 1949 VW Bug Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...	VW 1303 Cabriolet Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2933x1958, 1267 KB) Bildbeschreibung: VW 1303 Cabriolet, Baujahr 1978 Quelle: Spurzem Fotograf: Lothar Spurzem Datum: 17. ...	A VW 1303LS from Turkey (photo infrared) Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2824x2304, 12893 KB) Camera Brand: Canon Camera Model: Canon PowerShot G6 Date Taken: 2005:06:18 11:20:39 Exposure Time: 1/4 sec. ...

VW Beetle 1967

1967 Volkswagen Beetle (image not a 1967 Beetle)
Manufacturer	Volkswagen
Class	Subcompact car
Body style(s)	2-door cabriolet 2-door coupé
Engine(s)	1500 cc OHV air-cooled rear-mounted Flat-4 40 kW (53 bhp) @ 4200 rpm 105 Nm (78 ft·lbf) @2600 torque bore 83 mm stroke 69 mm comp ratio 7.5:1
Transmission(s)	4 speed manual
Wheelbase	2400 mm (94.5 in)
Length	4079 mm (160.6 in)
Width	1539 mm (60.6 in)

The Volkswagen Beetle underwent significant changes for the 1967 model. While the car appeared similar to earlier models, much of the drivetrain was noticeably upgraded. Some of the changes to the Beetle included a bigger engine for the second year in a row. Horsepower had been increased to 37 kW (50 hp) the previous year, and for 1967 it was increased even more, to 40 kW (53 hp). Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 535 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Beschreibung: VW Käfer (Beetle) Quelle: selbst fotografiert Fotograf: Sven Storbeck File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 535 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Beschreibung: VW Käfer (Beetle) Quelle: selbst fotografiert Fotograf: Sven Storbeck File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this... Automakers, also known as carmakers, automobile manufacturers, motor manufacturers, or the automobile industry are companies that design and manufacture automobiles. ... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... Car classification is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories. ... AMC Gremlin A subcompact car is an automobile in a vehicle size class smaller than a compact car but larger than a city car (and known as superminis in Europe). ... Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. ... A cabriolet was a light, two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage with a folding calash top, seating two persons facing forwards, one of whom was the driver. ... The Peugeot 406 Coupé, designed by Pininfarina 1990 Mercedes-Benz 560SEC coupé, noted for its large, angular design 1997 Rover Vitesse Coupe, club coupé Rover P5 Coupe, a traditional four-door coupé Mercedes CLS, a modern four-door coupé Gala-Coupé of Leopold II, Brussels 1970s Sunbeam Alpine fastback coup... A flat-4 is a four cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a flat configuration, also referred to as horizontally opposed. ... “Gearbox” redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The output of the electrical generator was increased from 180 to 360 watts, and upgraded from a 6-volt to a 12-volt system. The clutch disc also increased in size, and changes were made to the flywheel, braking system, and rear axles. New standard equipment included two-speed windshield wipers, back-up lights, a driver's armrest on the door, locking buttons on the doors, sealed-beam headlights, and a driver's side exterior mirror.

The price was $1,640, and it weighed 840 kg (1850 lb) which was a typical weight for a European car at this time. Top speed was 130 km/h (82 mph), enough to match the 110 km/h (70 mph) top speed of American freeways.

Beetle derivatives

VW 1303 (1973)

1953 Volkswagen LIM 10/11 with custom bodywork.

While production of the standard Beetle continued, a Type 1 variant called the Super Beetle, produced from model year 1971 to 1979 (1302s from 1971 to 1972, and 1303s from 1973 onwards), offered MacPherson strut front suspension, better turning radius (despite having a 20 mm (3/4 in) longer wheelbase), and approximately double the usable space in the front luggage compartment, due to the stretched "nose" of the vehicle and relocation of the spare tire from a vertical to a horizontal position. The Super Beetle was improved in 1973 to include a different dashboard shape (the padded dashboard appears on some 1302s models also) and a more aerodynamic curved windshield for more driver visibility. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 536 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 536 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A simple MacPherson strut suspension on the left front wheel of a rear-wheel drive vehicle. ... Panoramic (wrap-around) windshield on a 1959 Edsel Corsair. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Blind spot (automobile). ...

The Super Beetle (VW 1302 and 1303 series, also called Type 113) is not the only Type 1 variant; other VWs under the Type 1 nomenclature include the Karmann Ghia and the VW 181 utility vehicle, as well as the Brasilia and the Australian Country Buggy (locally produced in Australia using VW parts). The Karmann Ghia is a two-seater sports car marketed by Volkswagen, designed by the Italian firm Ghia, and built by German coach builder Karmann. ... Volkswagen Thing The Volkswagen Type 181 or Thing was a small military vehicle produced by Volkswagen from 1969 to 1980 for the German army, as an updated version of the earlier Kübelwagen. ... Volkswagen Brasilia The Volkswagen Brasilia, was a car made in Brasil between 1973 and 1982. ... In 1967 Volkswagen Australasia Ltd. ...

The Type 2 transporter ("bus") is based on the Beetle platform with very similar mechanicals, but with a box shaped body and driver placed over the front wheels. This variant would inspire a generation of compact vans, and later minivans in capacity and size. Also, as mentioned below, Type 3 and Type 4 were all developments of the original Porsche design.

Decline and fall

VW 1300 (1972)

Though extremely successful in the 1960s, the Beetle was faced with stiff competition from more modern designs. The Japanese had refined rear wheel drive water cooled front engined small cars to where they sold well in the North American market, and Americans introduced their own similarly sized rear wheel drive Ford Pinto, Chevrolet Vega, and AMC Gremlin in the 1970s. The superminis in Europe adopted even more efficient transverse engine front wheel drive layouts, and sales began dropping off in the mid 1970s. There had been several unsuccessful attempts to replace the Beetle throughout the 1960s; the Type 3, Type 4, and the NSU-based K70 were all failures. Only when production lines at Wolfsburg switched to the new watercooled, front-engined, front-wheel drive Golf in 1974 (sold in North America as the Rabbit) did Volkswagen produce a car as successful as the Beetle, though it would be periodically redesigned over its lifetime, while the Beetle used only minor refinements of the same design it had been introduced with. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1044 × 696 pixel, file size: 297 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1044 × 696 pixel, file size: 297 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... The Ford Pinto was an American subcompact car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company, first introduced in 1971, and built through the 1980 model year. ... The then-innovative Chevrolet Vega was a subcompact car sold from 1971 through 1977. ... The AMC Gremlin was the first American subcompact car. ... 1996 Volkswagen Polo, a popular modern European supermini A supermini is a European hatchback car category. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... The Volkswagen Type 3 was introduced in 1961 by Volkswagen to diversify their product range beyond the Type 1 Beetle and the Type 2 Bus. The Type 3, officially the Volkswagen 1500, was designed to allow Volkswagen to make a more sophisticated car while maintaining much of the engineering from... The VW Type 4 was a medium sized 2 or 4 door sedan or 2 door station wagon built by Volkswagen. ... VW K70 Kombi (station wagon/estate) The Volkswagen K70 (pronounced as ka siebzig in German) is a sedan automobile produced by both NSU and Volkswagen from 1969 to 1974. ... Front-wheel drive is the most common form of engine/transmission layout used in modern passenger cars, where the engine drives the front wheels. ... VW Golf Mk. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...

The Golf did not kill Beetle production, which continued in smaller numbers at other German factories until January 19, 1978, when mainstream production shifted to Brazil and Mexico, markets where low operating cost was more important. The last Beetle was produced in Puebla, Mexico, in mid-2003. The final batch of 3,000 Beetles were sold as 2004 models and badged as the Última Edición, with whitewall tires, a host of previously-discontinued chrome trim, and the choice of two special paint colors taken from the New Beetle. Production in Brazil ended in 1986, then restarted in 1993 and continued until 1996. Volkswagen sold Beetles in the United States until August 1977 (the Beetle convertible a.k.a. Cabriolet was sold until January 1980) and in Europe until 1985. Nickname: Location of Puebla in central Mexico Coordinates: Country Mexico State Puebla Founded 1531 Government  - Mayor Enrique Doger (PRI) Area  - City 546 km²  (211 sq mi) Elevation 2,175 m (7,136 ft) Population (2005)  - City 1,485,941  - Density 5,741/km² (14,869. ... White wall tires are tires that have stripe of white rubber on the outer sidewalls. ... The Volkswagen Beetle or Bug is a small family car, the best known car of Volkswagen, of Germany, and almost certainly the world. ... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

The Beetle outlasted most other automobiles which had copied the rear air-cooled engine layout such as those by Subaru, Fiat, Renault, and General Motors. However, Porsche's sport coupes which were originally based on Volkswagen parts and platforms continue to use the classic rear engine layout in the Porsche 911 series, which remains competitive in the 2000s. 1969 Subaru 360 Deluxe Sedan The Subaru 360 was the first automobile mass produced by Fuji Heavy Industries in Japan. ... Fiat S.p. ... For the author, see Mary Renault. ... Corvair convertible The Chevrolet Corvair was an automobile produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors from 1960 to 1969. ... Porsche 911 in hillclimb The Porsche 911 (pronounced as nine eleven) is a sports car made by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. ...

The Beetle in developing countries

Other countries produced Beetles from CKD (complete knockdown kits): Thailand, Indonesia, South Africa, Australia, and Nigeria have assembled Beetles under license from VW. ^[6] This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Beetles produced in Mexico and Brazil had several differences:

• The Brazilian version retained the 1958-1964 body style (Europe and U.S. version) with the thick door pillars and small quarter glass; this body style was also produced in Mexico until 1971. Around 1973, Brazilian Beetles were updated with the 1968+ sheetmetal, bumpers, and 4-lug rims; although the 5-stud rims and "bugeye" headlights were produced as late as 1972 (the base VW 1200 was similar to the 1964 European/U.S. 1200). Brazilian CKD kits (complete knock down) were shipped to Nigeria between 1975-1987 where Beetles were locally produced. The Brazilian-produced versions have been sold in neighboring South American nations bordering Brazil, including Argentina and Peru.

• The Brazilian VW Bug have four different sized engines: 1200 cc, 1300 cc, 1500 cc, and, finally, 1600 cc. In the 1970s, Volkswagen made the SP-2 (derived from the VW Bug chassis and powertrain) that used an air-cooled VW engine with 1700 cc. In Brazil the VW Bug never received electronic fuel injection, but retained single or double carburetion throughout its life.

• The production of the air-cooled engine finally ended in 2006, after more than 60 years. It was last used in the Brazilian version of the VW Bus, called the "Kombi", and was replaced by a 1.4-liter water-cooled engine with a front-mounted cooling system.

1990s-era VW Beetle (seen in the Houston, TX area)

1980s-era VW Beetle with Mexican plates

• Beetles produced in Mexico (since 1964) have the larger windshield, rear window, door and quarter glass between 1971-2003; and the rear window from the 1965-71 German built models was used on the Mexican models from 1971 to 1985, when it was replaced with the larger rear window used on 1972 and later German built Beetles. This version, after the mid-1970s, saw little change with the incorporation of electronic ignition in 1988, an anti-theft alarm system in 1990, a catalytic converter in 1991, as well as electronic fuel injection, hydraulic valve lifters, and a spin-on oil filter in 1993. The front turn signals were located in the bumper instead of the Beetle's traditional placement on top of the front fenders from the mid 1970s on, as they had been on German Beetles sold in Europe of the same time period.

Independent importers continued to supply several major countries, including Germany, France, and the UK until the end of production in 2003. Devoted fans of the car even discovered a way to circumvent United States safety regulations by placing more recently manufactured Mexican Beetles on the floorpans of earlier, US-registered cars. The Mexican Beetle (along with its Brazilian counterpart) was on the US DOT's (Department of Transportation) hot list of gray market imports after 1978 as the vehicle did not meet safety regulations. A U.S. citizen who drives a Mexican Beetle across the US-Mexico border into the US is likely to end up with the vehicle seized by the US government. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Mexbug. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Mexbug. ... Image File history File linksMetadata IMG_8115. ... Image File history File linksMetadata IMG_8115. ... Catalytic converter on a Dodge Ram Van. ... // Fuel injection is a means of metering fuel into an internal combustion engine. ... The floorpan is a large sheet metal stamping that often incorporates several smaller welded stampings to form the floor of a large vehicle and the position of its external and structural panels. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... ...

In the Southwest United States (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas) — Mexican Beetles (and some Brazilian T2c Transporters) are a common sight in San Antonio and Houston since Mexican nationals can legally operate the vehicle in the United States, provided the cars remain registered in Mexico. Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... The Volkswagen Type 2 (aka Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Counties Bexar County Government  - Mayor Phil Hardberger Area  - City  412. ... Houston redirects here. ...

The end of production in Mexico can be attributed primarily to Mexican political measures: the Beetles no longer met emissions standards for Mexico City, in which the ubiquitous Beetles were used as affordable taxicabs; and the government outlawed their use as taxicabs because of rising crime rates, requiring only four-door vehicles be used. [1]. In addition, Volkswagen (now Germany's largest automaker) has been attempting to cultivate a more upscale, premium brand image, and the humble Beetle, with its US$7000 base price, clashed with this identity, as seen in the Touareg and Phaeton luxury vehicles. Finally, consumers had begun showing a preference for more modern cars such as the Volkswagen Pointer and Volkswagen Lupo. Emission standards limit the amount of pollution that can be released into the atmosphere. ... Nickname: Motto: Capital en movimiento Location of Mexico City in south central Mexico Coordinates: , Country Federal entity Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded c. ... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... The Volkswagen Touareg is a mid-size luxury SUV produced by German automaker Volkswagen since 2003. ... The Volkswagen Phaeton (pronounced fay-ton) is a large luxury sedan manufactured by Volkswagen. ... Brazilian VW Pointer The Volkswagen Pointer is a small family car sold by Volkswagen in South America between 1994 and 1997. ... The Volkswagen Lupo was a city car manufactured by German automaker Volkswagen from 1998 to 2005. ...

Beetles In Australia

From 1953, Volkswagen Beetles were starting to be found on Australian roads. Many Australian or "Australasian" Beetles had accessories or modifications made for the Australian road. One common one but hard to find now, was an aftermarket chrome that would be fitted below the og Vw chrome with the inner part painted. Also another one is a VW logo sitting sideways on the bonnet with "Wings" is an Australian only accessory. Beetles were always called "Deluxe Sedan".

Beetles in Sri Lanka

The first Volkswagen Beetle was imported to Sri Lanka from Wolfsburg in West Germany in 1949, and is still in good running condition. The car carries the Sri Lankan registration number EY 4773. According to the official figures in 1958 there were more than 8000 Volkswagen Beetles on the streets, this was second only to India. Today more than 2000 VW beetles are still on the streets of Sri Lanka. In 1997 the “VW Beetles Owners Club in Sri Lanka” was started as the first ever vintage beetle club in the country and it currently boasts a membership of over 200. [2]

Post-war conflicts

Much of the Beetle's design was inspired by the advanced Tatra cars of Hans Ledwinka, particularly the T97. This also had a streamlined body and a rear-mounted 4 cylinder horizontally-opposed air-cooled engine. Tatra launched a lawsuit, but this was stopped when Germany invaded Czechoslovakia. The matter was re-opened after WW2 and in 1961 Volkswagen paid Tatra 3,000,000 Deutsche Marks in compensation. These damages meant that Volkswagen had little money for the development of new models and the Beetle's production life was necessarily extended. Tatra is a vehicle manufacturer in Kopřivnice, Czech Republic. ... Hans Ledwinka (born in Klosterneuburg (Lower Austria),1878, died in Munich (Germany),1967) was an Austrian automobile designer. ... Engine cooling is the process of cooling an engine by using either air or liquid. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... The Deutsche Mark (DM, DEM) was the official currency of West and, from 1990, unified Germany. ... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ...

Beetle customization

See also: Dune buggy

The Beetle is popular with customizers throughout the world, not only because it is cheap and easy to work on, but because its iconic looks can be personalised and the flat four motor is so tunable. Its very ubiquity makes even subtle changes noticeable; everybody knows what a Beetle is supposed to look like. Dune buggy George W. Bush in a Dune buggy A dune buggy is a recreational vehicle with small wheels, and thin tires, designed for use on water dunes or beaches. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Car tuning. ...

Exterior

There are many popular Beetle styles, from a 'Cal Looker' to a Rat rod. They vary between themselves but are very similar in many ways. Also the California Look has changed during the 30+ years of its lifespan. The most typical way to customise the exterior is to change the wheels and lower the suspension of the car. The favorite wheels are period-style EMPI 5- or 8-spokes, Speedwell BRMs, or Porsche factory rims like Fuchs from classic 911. One of the original California Look modifications is to replace or remove the bumpers and trim, either to give a cleaner look or to reduce the curb weight; if bumpers are removed, pushbars are common. The stock bumpers are usually chromed or polished, sometimes painted or powdercoated. There are many clubs dedicated to 'Cal Look' including the DKP ('Der Kleiner Panzers', or in English, 'The little Tanks') in the USA which was one of the first clubs dedicated to true 'Cal Look' cars. Today, the DKP still exists and the club is on their 3rd generation. There are also currently many big 'Cal Look' VW clubs based in Europe including the DAS (Das Autobahn Scrapers) in Belgium, the DFL (Der Fieser Luftkühlers) in Germany and the JG54 Grünherz (Greenhearts) in the UK. A Cal looker is any aircooled Volkwagen that has been modified in a style that originated in California in the late 1960s. ... A 1932 Hudson rat rod. ... Shotokan Kata: Enpi (Flight of the Swallow) Empi comes to us from the Okinawan Tomari-te school where it apparently first appeared in 1683. ... This article is about the auto company. ... Kerb (sometimes mis-spelled as curb by Americans) weight is the total weight of a vehicle with standard equipment, all necessary operating consumables (such as motor oil and coolant), a full tank of fuel and not loaded with either passengers or cargo. ...

For 'Resto Cal' look, a roof rack and similar accessories can be added. There are many other aftermarket parts that can be added to the Beetle, including wing mirrors, chrome wipers, stone guards, mud flaps, and badges. Rear light and front indicator lenses can also be changed. This is as far as a 'Cal Look' or 'Resto Cal' car will go. Aftermarket (Music), Master psuedoname of projects by engineer/producer Jonathan Borsis. ... A Cal looker is any aircooled Volkwagen that has been modified in a style that originated in California in the late 1960s. ...

VW Beetle modified in 70s California Look style

For a more custom look, smoothing and shaving the body (removing trim and other parts) is done, including doorhandles, badges and driprails, and replacing taillights and front indicators with smaller, simpler units. Frenching (tunnelling) headlights, frequent in non-VW customs and rods, is not usual, but dramatic lowering (in low rider fashion) is, and unusual hood and trunk hinging is commonplace. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2496x1664, 2307 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2496x1664, 2307 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... A low rider is a car or truck which has had its suspension system modified (usually with hydraulic suspension) so that it rides as low to the ground as possible. ...

violet 1966 beetle

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1632 × 1224 pixel, file size: 322 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1632 × 1224 pixel, file size: 322 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ...

Interior

Many Beetle owners try to keep their Beetle interior stock. Others will fit a sound system, which usually consists of a head unit and possibly some speakers and a subwoofer (usually mounted in the front of the car). Aftermarket steering wheels can be added along with auxiliary gauges. For a true race look, the interior can be stripped and a full roll cage installed, along with bucket seats and race harnesses. Sound system has multiple meanings: A sound reinforcement system is a system for amplifying, reproducing, and sometimes recording audio. ... An Apline head unit A head unit is a component of a stereo system either in a vehicle or home theater system used to tie together and provide a unified interface system for the various components of a system, ranging from audio players such as a remote-mounted CD changer... a 12 subwoofer driver A subwoofer refers to either a driver, or a complete loudspeaker dedicated to the reproduction of bass audio frequencies, typically from 150 Hz down to 20 Hz. ... A specially constructed frame built around the cab of a vehicle to protect the driver from being injured in an accident, particularly in the event of a roll-over. ... Bucket seats in a 1968 Saab Sonett mk2 V4. ...

KitCars

The VW Type 1 chassis, being easily separated from its original body without removal of engine, transmission, or suspension, has provided the basis for countless custom re-bodyings, usually of fiberglass and usually replicating other, less humble vehicles. Mercedes, MG and Porsche replicas are among the popular choices. These "kit cars", although derided by many for their lack of authenticity, provide to their owners a much cheaper, often more-reliable means of enjoying a dream vehicle.

Power

Volvo B18/B20 engine fitted to VW Beetle for racing.

Because most parts of the flat-4 engine other than the crankcase are bolted on, they are easily exchanged with larger or more high-performance items. The standard VW engine has been modified from 1600 cc (the largest factory-produced Type 1 engine) to configurations well over 2400 cc using larger piston/cylinder kits, Turbochargers, and other performance-enhancing parts. A variety of other powerplants, including the VW Type 4 (also used in the 914) 2-liter flat four, Chevy Corvair and Porsche 911 flat sixes have been used. Even the turbocharged flat 4 from Subaru or Alfa Romeo has been used as well kits for installing Rover V8 engines have been available. These variants tend to be mated to the stronger Type 2 (Bus, Combi) transmission. Dual carb setups are very common on Beetles (especially the 1600 cc dual port engine)as well as EFI. Also a wide range of exhaust systems are available. "Stingers" (equal-length, tuned headers with straight pipes or glasspacks) are popular in nearly any type of custom Beetle. The world record for fastest and quickest four cylinder 1/4 mile drag vehicle is held by a type 1 based engine.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... B18/B20 fitted to VW Beetle for racing This B18 was a straight-4 automobile engine produced by Volvo Cars from 1961 through 1968. ... The Porsche 914 was a sports car built and sold collaboratively by Volkswagen and Porsche from 1969 through 1976. ... The Chevrolet Corvair remains one of General Motors most unusual creations. ... Porsche 911 in hillclimb The Porsche 911 (pronounced as nine eleven) is a sports car made by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. ... For other uses, see Subaru (disambiguation). ... Alfa Romeo is an Italian automobile manufacturing company, founded as Darracq Italiana by Cavaliere Ugo Stella, an aristocrat from Milan in partnership with the French automobile firm of Alexandre Darracq. ... Rover V8 in a Sunbeam Tiger The Rover V8 engine is a compact V8 internal combustion engine with aluminum cylinder heads and cylinder block, originally designed by General Motors and later re-designed and produced by Rover in the United Kingdom. ... Look up header in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A glasspack is a kind of automobile muffler in which the exhaust gas passes straight through the center of the muffler. ...

Beetles in motorsport

Drag racing

The beetle is widely used in drag racing; its rearward (RR) weight distribution keeps the weight over the rear wheels maximizing grip off the starting line. The car's weight is reduced for a full competition drag beetle, further improving the grip and also the power to weight ratio. Combined with the beetle's RR layout, wheelies can be achieved easily, but time "in the air" worsens 1/4 mile time due to drag. To prevent this, "wheelie bars" are added. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... An R/C truck pops a wheelie after a jump. ...

Formula Vee

The beetle is also used as the basis for the Formula Vee open-wheel racing category. Specifically, the front suspension crossmember assembly, (the shock absorber mounts are sometimes removed, depending on regulations in the class) and the engine and transaxle assembly. (Usually the earlier swing-axle type, not the later double-jointed axle. The beetle components are used because of their availability, low cost and durability. The front suspension geometry and rear suspension geometry (Almost always used with a z-bar on the rear) lend the cars a benign handling character, ideal for beginners. Formula Vee is a popular single-seater junior motor racing formula, with relatively low-costs in comparison to Formula Ford or Formula BMW. It is based on a 1963 Volkswagen Beetle. ... Open-wheel racing refers to a type of motor racing in which the wheels of the cars are not housed inside fenders, as in stock car or touring car racing, but rather out in the open at the end of readily-visible axles and suspension systems. ... Gasfilled Shock absorber. ... A transaxle, in the automotive field, is a component that combines the functionality of the transmission, the differential and the drive axle into one integrated assembly. ...

New Beetle

Main article: Volkswagen New Beetle

2000 VW New Beetle

At the 1994 North American International Auto Show, Volkswagen unveiled the J Mays-penned "Concept 1", a concept car with futuristic styling deliberately reminiscent of the original Beetle's rounded shape. Strong public reaction convinced the company to move the car into production, and in 1998, 20 years after the last original Beetle was sold in the United States, Volkswagen launched the New Beetle, designed by Mays and Freeman Thomas at the company's California design studio. The Volkswagen New Beetle is a compact car introduced by Volkswagen in 1998, drawing heavily on the design cues of the original Beetle. ... 2000 Volkswagen Beetle. ... 2000 Volkswagen Beetle. ... NAIAS 2005, near the Audi exhibit. ... J Mays (born October 15, 1954 in Maysville, Oklahoma) is currently the Vice President of Design and Chief Creative Officer at Ford Motor Company. ... Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... The Volkswagen Beetle or Bug is a small family car, the best known car of Volkswagen, of Germany, and almost certainly the world. ... Freeman Thomas is an automobile designer active in the 1990s and 2000s. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ...

New Beetles are manufactured at VW's Puebla, Mexico assembly plant where, ironically, the last line of factory-built air-cooled Beetles were removed from production in favor of the Golf-based New Beetle.

The New Beetle, with its (water-cooled) engine at the front of the car driving the front wheels, is related to the original only in name, general shape and some styling cues. Under the sheet metal, it is a modern car in every way, based on the Volkswagen A platform. The Volkswagen A platform is an automobile platform shared among the compact cars of Volkswagen Group. ...

In an attempt to stem a trade in grey market imports into the UK, in 1998 VW made available a limited number of New Beetles to those who had signed up to a web campaign a few years earlier. These, officially the first New Beetles in the UK, were available in full UK spec, albeit only in left hand drive and started to arrive in the UK in April 1999.

Phase-out of the original Beetle

The final original beetle (No. 21,529,464)

By 2003 Beetle annual production had fallen to 30,000 from a peak of 1.3 million in 1971. On July 30, 2003, the final original VW Beetle (No. 21,529,464) was produced at Puebla, Mexico, some 65 years after its original launch, and an unprecedented 58-year production run since 1945 (the year VW recognizes as the first year of non-Nazi funded production.) VW announced this step in June, citing decreasing demand. The last car was immediately shipped off to the company's museum in Wolfsburg, Germany. In true Mexican fashion, a mariachi band serenaded the last car. There was also in Mexico an advertising campaign as a goodbye for the Beetle. For example, in one of the ads was a very small parking space on the street, and many big cars tried to park in it, but couldn't. After a while, a Beetle parks in the spot without a problem. Then a sign appears that says: "Es increíble que un auto tan pequeño deje un vacío tan grande" (It's incredible that a car this small leaves such a large void). There were other ads with the same nostalgic tone.^[7] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Location of Puebla in central Mexico Coordinates: Country Mexico State Puebla Founded 1531 Government  - Mayor Enrique Doger (PRI) Area  - City 546 km²  (211 sq mi) Elevation 2,175 m (7,136 ft) Population (2005)  - City 1,485,941  - Density 5,741/km² (14,869. ... Categories: Cities in Germany | Towns in Lower Saxony | Company towns | Germany-related stubs ... Mariachi is a type of musical group, originally from Mexico. ...

• Brakes: front disc, back drum
• Passengers: Five
• Tank: 40 L (10.57 gallons)
• Colors: Aquarius blue, Harvestmoon beige.

Alternative uses for VW Beetle engines

Main article: Volkswagen air cooled engine

The aircooled 4-cylinder horizontally opposed cylinder or "flat four" Beetle engines have been used for other purposes as well. Especially interesting is its use as an experimental aircraft engine. This type of Beetle engine deployment started in the sixties. A number of companies still produce aero engines that are VW Beetle engine derivatives: Limbach, Hapi, Revmaster and others. Kitplanes or plans built experimental aircraft were specifically designed to utilise these engines. The Volkswagen air cooled engine is one of the most widely used and versatile internal combustion engines in the world. ... Aircooling (also: air cooling) is one method of dissipating heat. ... Diagram of the opposing pistons in a boxer engine A flat engine or boxer engine or horizontally opposed engine is a type of engine where the pistons lie horizontally opposed, with pairs of cylinders on the left and the right, as opposed to most modern engines where all pistons are... In generic use, an experimental aircraft is an aircraft that has not yet been fully proven in flight. ... This article needs to be updated. ... Hapi was one of the sons of Horus depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. ... Also known as amateur-built aircraft, homebuilt aircraft are constructed by one or more persons for whom this is not a professional activity. ...

Up until 2001, Beetle engines were also used to run several of the ski lifts at the Thredbo ski resort in NSW, Australia, and were maintained to a high standard by expert VW mechanics. Thredbo is a village and ski resort in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. ...

Also in Australia, in remote opal-mining communities VW motors were modified to become air compressors for jack hammers etc. They used 2 cylinders on one side as a motor and modified the head on the other side to produce a flow of compressed air. The opal fields are very dry and hot, so an air-cooled compressor has an advantage over a liquid cooled one. The Dunn-Right Corporation of Anderson, SC, makes the kit that lets you do this. For other OPAL articles, see Opal (disambiguation). ... Compressor has several meanings: A gas compressor is a mechanical device that takes in a gas and increases its pressure by squeezing a volume of it into a smaller volume. ... Compressed air is used to refer to: Pneumatics, the use of pressurized gases to do work, as used in the Air car Breathing gas, often used in scuba diving, also to inflate buoyancy devices Compressed air can also be used for cooling using a vortex tube. ... Many components in a computer system unit produce large amout of heat during operation, including, but not limited to: the CPU, chipset, graphics card, and hard drives. ...

In Europe, Beetle engines were used to power mobile water-pumps used by the fire-department. These pumps came in the 1950s, and some are still in use today.

The rotating Mercedes-Benz emblem atop the Europa-Center in Berlin, Germany, is driven by a Beetle engine.

The Zamboni HD ice resurfacing machine was powered by an LPG-powered Beetle engine. Zamboni was the world's leader in LPG conversions for the Beetle engine.

The Amazonas, a Brazilian-built motorcycle manufactured from 1978 to 1990, used a modified 1600-cc Beetle engine and gearbox. With a dry weight that could top 350 kg (800 pounds), the Amazonas was billed as the world's biggest (heaviest) production motorcycle. The VW transmission's reverse gear, rare in a two-wheeled vehicle, was a useful feature in such a heavy motorcycle. There was later the Kahena with similar construction. Amazonas is the name of four subnational entities in various South American nations. ... For other uses, see Motorcycle (disambiguation). ...

Many three-wheel motorbikes, known as "trikes", have been built with beetle engines.

The engines are also fairly popular for use in dune buggies. Dune buggy George W. Bush in a Dune buggy A dune buggy is a recreational vehicle with small wheels, and thin tires, designed for use on water dunes or beaches. ...

The engines as well as transmission and some suspension components are also commonly used in construction of sandrails. Sandrail at Silver Lake Sand Dunes A sandrail, or sand rail, or sandcar, or rail is a lightweight motor vehicle specifically built for traveling across sandy terrain. ...

They have also been known to have been used as the engines which open and close many bridges in and around Chicago. A good example is the bridge in The Blues Brothers in which Jake & Elwood Blues jump an opened bridge in their 1974 Dodge Monaco (The Blues Moblie). That bridge is being powered by a Beetle engine.

References in pop culture

Flower Covered Beetle in the greenhouse of Jardin botanique de Montréal

National Lampoon's fake Volkswagen Beetle print ad mocking Ted Kennedy's Chappaquiddick incident.

Like its contemporaries, the Mini and the Citroën 2CV, the Beetle has been regarded as something of a "cult" car since its 1960s association with the hippie movement and surf culture; and the obvious attributes of its unique and quirky design. (For example, the Beetle could float on water thanks to its sealed floor pans and overall tight construction.) Much like their Type 2 counterparts, Beetles were psychedelically painted and considered an art car ancestor. One of the logos used by the Houston Art Car Klub incorporated a Beetle with a cowboy hat. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 1486 KB) Summary Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 1486 KB) Summary Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Flower Covered Beetle in the greenhouse of Jardin botanique de Montréal The Jardin botanique de Montréal or Montreal Botanical Garden is a large botanical garden in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x808, 91 KB)Fake Volkswagen Beetle print ad mocking Ted Kennedys Chappaquiddick incident. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x808, 91 KB)Fake Volkswagen Beetle print ad mocking Ted Kennedys Chappaquiddick incident. ... January 1973 cover of National Lampoon National Lampoon was an American humor magazine that began in 1970 as an offshoot of the Harvard Lampoon. ... Edward Moore Ted Kennedy (born February 22, 1932) is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts and a member of the Democratic Party. ... The Chappaquiddick Incident refers to the circumstances surrounding the 1969 death of Mary Jo Kopechne, a campaign worker for U.S. Senator Edward M. Kennedy of Massachusetts. ... For the new MINI, see MINI (BMW). ... First generation Ripple Bonnet Citroën 2CV built from 1948 to 1960 The Citroën 2CV (French: deux chevaux, literally two horses, from the tax horsepower rating) was an economy car produced by the French automaker Citroën from 1948 to 1990. ... Singer at a modern Hippie movement in Russia Hippie (sometimes spelled hippy) refers to a member of a subgroup of the counterculture that began in the United States during the early 1960s, becoming an established social group by 1965, and expanding to other countries before declining in the mid-1970s. ... The Volkswagen Type 2 (aka Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. ... An art car is a vehicle that has its appearance modified as an act of personal artistic expression. ... An ancestor is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an ancestor (i. ...

The Beetle has made numerous appearances in Hollywood films, most notably The Love Bug comedy series (Disney) from 1968 to 2005, starring as "Herbie", a pearl-white, fabric-sunroofed 1963 Beetle—racing number 53. The Love Bug (1969) was the first of a series of movies made by Walt Disney Productions that starred a white Volkswagen racing Beetle named Herbie, a bug with a mind of its own. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A Herbie replica Herbie is a fictional character, a Volkswagen Beetle, which stars in several Disney motion pictures from 1969 onwards. ...

The opening aerial shot of Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980) follows a yellow Volkswagen Beetle. The Arrival (1996, science fiction) featured a few Mexican Beetles in the film (in one scene Charlie Sheen's character hides in the notoriously cramped trunk of a Beetle). In Woody Allen's Sleeper (1973), a Volkswagen is still able to start after having been abandoned in a cave for 200 years. ("They really built these things, didn't they?") In the comedy hit What's Up, Doc? (1972), Ryan O'Neal's and Barbra Streisand's characters, after a climactic car chase, end up floating in San Francisco Bay in their Beetle (see note on construction, previous paragraph). A black-coloured Beetle coupe is featured in the opening scene of Andrey Tarkovsky's Nostalghia (1983), driven by the protagonist in the mist. “Kubrick” redirects here. ... For other uses of this term, see Shining. ... The Arrival is an episode of the television series The Twilight Zone. ... Charles Irwin Sheen (born September 3, 1965 as Carlos Irwin Estévez ) is a Golden Globe Award-winning and Emmy-nominated American actor. ... Sleeper (1973) is a futuristic science fiction comedy film, written by, directed by, and starring Woody Allen. ... Whats Up, Doc? is a screwball comedy from 1972, directed by Peter Bogdanovich and starring Barbra Streisand, Ryan ONeal, and Madeline Kahn (in her first full-length film role). ... Ryan ONeal (born Patrick Ryan ONeal on April 20, 1941 in Los Angeles, California) is an Oscar-nominated American actor. ... Barbra Joan Streisand (born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, theatre and film actress, composer, liberal political activist, film producer and director. ... Andrei Tarkovsky Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (Андре́й Арсе́ньевич Тарко́вский) (April 4, 1932 - December 28, 1986) was a Russian movie director, writer, and actor. ... Final shot of Nostalghia, a famous example of forced perspective Nostalghia (Russian: Ностальгия) is a 1983 film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky and starring Oleg Yankovsky. ...

In all but one instance of the cartoon show The Real Ghostbusters the Ghostbusters secretary Janine Melnitz owned a Beetle convertible. First seen as a red car in the second season episode "Beneath These Streets" it became pink in all future appearances. The Kenner made toy line for the show also included a licensed yellow Beetle convertible that transformed into a ghost. The Toy was called the "Highway Haunter" and seated 2 figures and came with a removable "engine" in the rear that had a ghost designed on the opposite side. The Real Ghostbusters was an American animated television series based on the hit 1984 film Ghostbusters. ... Janine as seen in the various incarnations of Ghostbusters Janine Melnitz is the street-savvy, dont-take-no-crap-from-Venkman secretary of the Ghostbusters. ... Kenner Products was a toy company founded in 1947 by three brothers, Albert, Phillip, and Joseph L. Steiner, in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, and was named after the street where the original corporate offices were located. ...

Also made famous is the Autobot Bumblebee, a canary yellow Beetle in the toy, comic and cartoon line The Transformers. The Throttlebot, Legends and Generation 2 toy line versions of Bumblebee also transformed from robot to VW Beetle, though the Throttlebot-type was called Goldbug as it was a golden 1975 Super Beetle. (Note, too, that the G2 toy was painted anodized gold in color.) In other countries, 'Bumblebee the Beetle' has been released in various colors. For the 2007 Transformers film director Michael Bay decided that Bumblebee would not become a Beetle to avoid comparisons with Herbie^[8], nevertheless the Beetle made a cameo appearance in the live-action movie next to the Autobot's new form the Chevrolet Camaro. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Bumblebee is the name of a fictional character from the various Transformers universes. ... The Transformers (G1) 1984-1987, U.S. This page is a partner page to Transformers Universes, listing the various television series that the Transformer toyline has spawned since its creation in 1984. ... The Throttlebots were Transformers toys released in 1987. ... ... Goldbug (Goldback in Japan) is a member of the Throttlebots in the Transformers television and comic series based on the popular toy line produced by Takara and Hasbro. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... For the 1986 animated film, see The Transformers: The Movie. ... Michael Benjamin Bay (born February 17, 1965) is an American film director and producer. ... For the 1986 animated film, see The Transformers: The Movie. ... The Chevrolet Camaro is a pony car made in North America by the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors. ...

During the early 1970s, the Beetle was used for advertisements where graphic art ads were decaled on newly-sold Volkswagens. A marketing consultant (Charlie E. Bird) in the Los Angeles area came up with the "Beetleboard" concept. Both standard and Super Beetles were used, until the original Beetle ceased production in Europe in 1978. This trend was resurrected after the New Beetle entered production.^[9] The Volkswagen Beetle has built a large fan base among off-road types in the form of the Baja Bug. Today, there are many online clubs and communities that keep Beetle aficionadoes on touch. Even the sighting of a Volkswagen Beetle is cause for violent fun in the car-sighting game known as "Slug-Bug" or Punch Buggy. Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... The Volkswagen Beetle or Bug is a small family car, the best known car of Volkswagen, of Germany, and almost certainly the world. ... The term Baja Bug generally refers to a Volkswagen Beetle modified to operate on sand dunes and beaches, although other versions of air-cooled Volkswagens are sometimes modified as well. ... A 1967 Volkswagen Beetle Punch buggy (also called punch bug, slug bug,[1] or punch beetle[2]) is a car game generally played by young children in which participants hit each other upon sight of a Volkswagen Beetle. ...

The Beetle is also one of the most commonly reproduced cars as a toy or model of all sizes. Hot Wheels and Matchbox produced many near stock and outrageously styled and customized drag racing and modified dune buggy beetles. Most manufacturers of toy cars have included a Beetle in their line at one time or another. Hot Wheels Car — Dodge viper Hot Wheels is a brand of die cast toy car, introduced by American toymaker Mattel in 1968. ... Matchbox Superfast window sticker A miniature Matchbox Gowings van Matchbox is a die cast toy brand currently owned by Mattel, Inc. ...

A Beetle appears on the cover of The Beatles' iconic album Abbey Road. The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... Back cover The back cover of the original 1969 UK LP. Note that Her Majesty is not listed, unlike later reissues and the compact disc version—originally making it a hidden track. ...

In the book series "The Dresden Files" by Jim Butcher, the lead character Harry Dresden drives a pieced together VW Bug named the "Blue Beetle." This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Jim Butcher is a New York Times Best Selling author[1][2] most known for his contemporary fantasy book series The Dresden Files. ...

A Beetle with an American style hot rodded engine fitted into it, and drag racing style wheels and tires is featured in the television show: Ghost Whisperer, episode: Speed Demon.

The famous "Think Small" Beetle ad campaign of the early 1960s is referenced in Mad Men as a potential threat to traditional advertising. Mad Men is an American television drama series set and produced in New York City. ...

The many names of the Type 1

The VW Beetle is known under many names in many countries, usually local renderings of the word "beetle". Among these are:

• Moncho or Escarabajo in Chile
• Käfer in Germany
• Broasca /Broscuţa (frog/froggy) or Buburuza (ladybug) in Romania
• Volks / Beetle in Sri Lanka
• Sedan, then Fusca (popularly, Fusquinha that means Little Fusca. In south of Brazil Fusca or Fuscão) in Brazil
• Boblen (the bubble) in Denmark
• Agroga عكروكة (froggy) in Iraq
• Coccinelle (ladybug) in Belgium, France and Haiti
• Garbus (literally, 'Hunchback') in Poland
• Σκαθάρι (Scathari meaning beetle) or Σκαραβαίος (Scaraveos meaning Scarab) in Greece
• Maggiolino in Italy. Also called with the affective name of Maggiolone
• Sedán,Vocho or Pulguita (little flea) in Mexico
• Kever in Belgium and the Netherlands
• Kuplavolkkari (kupla meaning bubble) in Finland
• kotseng kuba (literally, 'hunchback car') /"pagong" (turtle),"Ba-o", turtle in Cebuano dialect "Boks" in the Philippines
• Kodok (frog) in Indonesia
• Brouk in Czech Republic
• Chrobák in Slovakia
• Carocha in Portugal
• Буба or Buba in Serbia and Croatia
• Буба in the Republic of Macedonia
• Escarabajo ("beetle") in Spain and Latin America
• Peta ("turtle") in Bolivia
• Cepillo ("Brush") in Dominican Republic
• Volky in Puerto Rico
• Vocho in Mexico. Also spelled "bocho"
• Hrošč in Slovenia
• Cepillo in Dominican Republic
• חיפושית ("Hipushit," beetle) in Israel
• Косτенурка (Kostenurka) in Bulgaria (meaning turtle)
• Bagge (short for skalbagge, beetle) or bubbla (bubble) in Sweden
• Boble (bubble) in Norway
• Põrnikas in Estonia
• Kaplumbağa or tosbağa (meaning turtle) or "vosvos" in Turkey.
• Bogár (meaning "bug") in Hungary.
• Cucaracha or Cucarachita (Cockroach or little cockroach) in Guatemala.
• Cucarron (Scarab) in Colombia.
• Cucarachita (little cockroach) in Honduras.
• Escarabajo in Venezuela.
• Escarabajo or Pichirilo in Ecuador
• Weevil in Canada
• Foxi in Pakistan
• Mgongo wa Chura in Swahili (Frog Back)
• Mwendo wa Kobe in Swahili (Tortoise Speed)
• Bhamba datya in Shona - Datya is frog in the vernacular from Zimbabwe
• Vabalas in Lithuania
• Bjalla in Iceland
• Volla - Pronounced Folla in South Africa
• خنفسة - Pronounced khon-fesa in Egypt
• con bo - Vietnamese
• รถเต่า - Pronounced Rod Tao (turtle car) in Thai
• Scoro-Scoro in Namibia
• Жук in Russia
• Kabuto-mushi (means "drone beetle") in Japan
• Escarabat (means "beetle") in Catalan
• Folcika in Bosnian

A scarab or scarab beetle may refer to: A beetle which belong to the family Scarabaeidae, or A dung beetle, especially the Scarabaeus sacer worshipped by the ancient Egyptians (an amulet made by that people in the shape of the species is also called a scarab). ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 812   -  Kingdom established 1217   -  Empire established 1346   -  Independence lost to... For an explanation of terms related to Macedonia, see Macedonia (terminology). ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Catalan can refer to: Catalan people Catalan language An inhabitant of Catalonia A Catalan speaker, whether or not from Catalonia proper (see Catalan Countries). ...

Television and film appearances

The most famous television or film appearance made by any Volkswagen Beetle is undoubtedly that of "Herbie" — a white 1963 Beetle who has appeared in numerous American-produced films since the 1970s. The most recent of these films was a revival of the franchise: Herbie: Fully Loaded, released in 2005 and starring Lindsay Lohan. Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Lindsay Dee Lohan[1] (born July 2, 1986) is an American actress and pop music singer. ...

References

Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Emap Consumer Media since July 1989. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Volkswagen Beetle

• SuperBeetles
• FUSCA CLUB ABC - SAO PAULO - BRAZIL
• Volkswagen Club of America
• Vintage Volkswagen Club of America
• Klub ljubitelja buba - Sarajevo
• Volkswagen Beetle at the Open Directory Project

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Open Directory Project (ODP), also known as dmoz (from , its original domain name), is a multilingual open content directory of World Wide Web links owned by Netscape that is constructed and maintained by a community of volunteer editors. ...

Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low cost operation. ... 1996 Volkswagen Polo, a popular modern European supermini A supermini is a European hatchback car category. ... The Volkswagen Polo Mk I is the first generation of the Volkswagen Polo supermini, it was produced from 1975 until 1981. ... The Volkswagen Derby is a saloon version of the Volkswagen Polo supermini, produced by the German automaker Volkswagen between 1977 and 1981. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Volkswagen Golf (Mark 1 and Mark 5 badged as Volkswagen Rabbit in the United States and Canada, Caribe in Mexico) is a compact car / small family car that Volkswagen manufactures. ... The Volkswagen Type 3, properly referred to as the Volkswagen 1500 and later the Volkswagen 1600, was a range of small cars from German manufacturer Volkswagen (VW). ... A Ford Mondeo, a large family car. ... 1969-1972 Volkswagen 411 estate 1974 Volkswagen 412 sedan The Volkswagen Type 4 was a mid-sized 2 or 4-door sedan or 2-door station wagon built by Volkswagen. ... VW K70 The Volkswagen K70 (pronounced as ka siebzig in German) is a sedan automobile produced by both NSU and Volkswagen from 1969 to 1974. ... The Volkswagen Passat is a family car built by Volkswagen AG (VW), produced in various forms since 1973. ... The Peugeot 406 Coupé, designed by Pininfarina 1990 Mercedes-Benz 560SEC coupé, noted for its large, angular design 1997 Rover Vitesse Coupe, club coupé Rover P5 Coupe, a traditional four-door coupé Mercedes CLS, a modern four-door coupé Gala-Coupé of Leopold II, Brussels 1970s Sunbeam Alpine fastback coup... The Karmann Ghia was a two-seater sports car marketed by Volkswagen, designed by the Italian firm Ghia, and built by German coach builder Karmann. ... The Volkswagen Scirocco was a sporty hatchback sold by Volkswagen from 1974 through 1992. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Volkswagen Type 2 (aka Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. ... The Volkswagen Type 2 (aka Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. ...

Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... The Rambler American introduced in the late 1950s was an early compact car. ... The Volkswagen Type 3, properly referred to as the Volkswagen 1500 and later the Volkswagen 1600, was a range of small cars from German manufacturer Volkswagen (VW). ... The Volkswagen Golf (Mark 1 and Mark 5 badged as Volkswagen Rabbit in the United States and Canada, Caribe in Mexico) is a compact car / small family car that Volkswagen manufactures. ... The Volkswagen Passat is a family car built by Volkswagen AG, produced in various forms since 1973. ... A mid-size car, frequently referred to as an intermediate, is an automobile with a size between that of a compact and a full-size or standard-size car. ... 1969-1972 Volkswagen 411 estate 1974 Volkswagen 412 sedan The Volkswagen Type 4 was a mid-sized 2 or 4-door sedan or 2-door station wagon built by Volkswagen. ... VW K70 The Volkswagen K70 (pronounced as ka siebzig in German) is a sedan automobile produced by both NSU and Volkswagen from 1969 to 1974. ... The Peugeot 406 Coupé, designed by Pininfarina 1990 Mercedes-Benz 560SEC coupé, noted for its large, angular design 1997 Rover Vitesse Coupe, club coupé Rover P5 Coupe, a traditional four-door coupé Mercedes CLS, a modern four-door coupé Gala-Coupé of Leopold II, Brussels 1970s Sunbeam Alpine fastback coup... The Karmann Ghia was a two-seater sports car marketed by Volkswagen, designed by the Italian firm Ghia, and built by German coach builder Karmann. ... The Volkswagen Scirocco was a sporty hatchback sold by Volkswagen from 1974 through 1992. ... Saab 900 Convertible 1962 Rambler American 1981 AMC Eagle 4-WD convertible Convertible can also refer to a convertible security A convertible (sometimes called cabriolet in British English) is a car body style with a folding or retracting roof (aka soft top or top in USA, hood in UK). ... The Karmann Ghia was a two-seater sports car marketed by Volkswagen, designed by the Italian firm Ghia, and built by German coach builder Karmann. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Volkswagen Type 2 (aka Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. ... The Volkswagen Type 2 (aka Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. ... Pickup truck with extended cabin and homebuilt lumber rack. ... Volkswagen Thing The Volkswagen Type 181 or Thing was a small military vehicle produced by Volkswagen from 1969 to 1980 for the German army, as an updated version of the earlier Kübelwagen. ...