Voluntarism (lat.: voluntas: wanting, the will, the disire; also: arbitrariness) is the school of thought, which regards the will to the difference of the intellectualism (as contrast) and emotionalism as basic facts of the realization (i.e. as epistemological voluntarism) or as a nature, cause of the world-whole (metaphysical voluntarism of Arthur Schopenhauer) and attributes a thinking and feeling to the will (psychological voluntarism). Latin - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... An intellectual is a person who uses his or her intellect to study, reflect, and speculate on a variety of different ideas. ... Epistemology, from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (word/speech) is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin and scope of knowledge. ... Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer (February 22, 1788 – September 21, 1860) was a German philosopher. ...

The term voluntarism was introduced by Ferdinand Tönnies into the philosophical literature and particularly used by William Wundt and Friedrich Paulsen. Ferdinand Tönnies (July 26, 1855, near Oldenswort (Eiderstedt) - April 9, 1936, Kiel, Germany) was a German sociologist. ...

Metaphysical Voluntarism

General agent of the metaphysical voluntarism is Arthur Schopenhauer. The will is not reasonable in its core for him, but more irrationally, useless dark, driveful urge, in relation to which the intellect represents a secondary phenomenon. The will is actually the thing, core and nature of all reality. Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer (February 22, 1788 – September 21, 1860) was a German philosopher. ...

This putting out of the drive-detention-vital dynamics has influenced Friedrich Nietzsche (as will to power), Eduard von Hartmann, Sigmund Freud and the philosophy of life. Friedrich Nietzsche, 1882 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) was a highly influential German philosopher, philologist, and psychologist. ... Eduard Von Hartmann (1842-1906) Author of Philosophie des Unbewussten (Philosophy of the Unconscious, 1869), Hartmann became interested in philosophy after becoming disabled by a nervous disease that forced him to lie on his back while serving as an officer in the Prussian army. ... Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology, a movement that popularized the theory that unconscious motives control much behavior. ...

Realization and Science Theory

In another context the realization and science theory of Hugo Dingler, which starts with the unavoidable will act (as "I-Here-Now"). The methodical constructionalism of the school of Erlangen and the methodical culturalism of Marburg is to be seen subsequently. Hugo Dingler (* July 7, 1881 Munich, Germany; † June 29, 1954 Munich, Germany) was a German philosopher. ...

Politics

Voluntarism or also Voluntaryism in politics and economics is the idea that human relations should be based on voluntary cooperation and natural law, to the exclusion of any political compulsion. Politics is the process and method of decision-making for groups of human beings. ... Economics is the social science studying production and consumption through measurable variables. ... Co-operation refers to the practice of people or greater entities working in common with commonly agreed-upon goals and possibly methods, instead of working separately in competition. ...

A journal is published based on this idea: The Voluntaryist (http://members.aol.com/vlntryst/). See also Voluntaryist.com (http://www.Voluntaryist.com/)

Alternate views of a similar idea are panarchism and some forms of anarchism, especially individualist anarchism. Panarchism is a political philosophy advocating the peaceful co-existence of all political systems, where each individual may voluntarily adhere to the system of their choice, free to join and leave the jurisdiction of the governments he sees fit. ... Anarchism is a term which encompasses a variety of political philosophies, social movements, and political ideologies that advocate the abolition of all forms of imposed or involuntary authority including social hierarchy and coercive power. ... In politics, individualist anarchism is a variety of anarchism that emphasises the importance of the individual. ...

See also : Anarcho-capitalism, Free market, Wendy McElroy. Anarcho-capitalism is a branch of libertarian political philosophy which calls for a society without state or other public government, and a form of free market where private property exists (see capitalism). ... A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy... Wendy McElroy is a Canadian disciple of Murray Rothbard. ...