Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) was a navigator and an admiral for the Crown of Castile whose voyages to America greatly expanded European exploration and colonization of the continent (Vikings had previously had a colony at current New England, and there is significant support for Carthaginian pre-Columbian trans-Atlantic contact). History places great significance on his original voyage of 1492, although he did not actually reach the mainland until his third voyage in 1498. Christopher Columbus (1451 – May 20, 1506) was a navigator and maritime explorer credited as the discoverer of the Americas. ... A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. ... For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... The starting point of Crown of Castile can be considered when the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon in 1230 or the later fusion of their Cortes (their Parlaments). ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... A European is primarily a person who was born into one of the countries within the continent of Europe. ... The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the Americas continent. ...

First voyage

First voyage.

A ship replica of the Santa Maria.

A depiction of Columbus claiming possession of the New World in a chromolithograph made by the Prang Education Company in 1893.

On the morning of August 3, 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera for the Canary Islands with three ships.^[1] The convoy consisted of one larger carrack, the Santa Maria from which Columbus led the expedition, and two smaller caravels, the Niña and the Pinta. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x1085, 77 KB) Summary First voyage of Columbus. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x1085, 77 KB) Summary First voyage of Columbus. ... Download high resolution version (1224x1632, 467 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1224x1632, 467 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... A ship replica is a reconstruction of a no longer existing ship. ... A functional sailing replica of the Santa Maria found in Funchal, Madeira Islands, Portugal. ... Image File history File links Digital ID: cph 3b49587 Source: color film copy slide Reproduction Number: LC-USZC2-1687 (color film copy slide) , LC-USZ62-3006 (b&w film copy neg. ... Image File history File links Digital ID: cph 3b49587 Source: color film copy slide Reproduction Number: LC-USZC2-1687 (color film copy slide) , LC-USZ62-3006 (b&w film copy neg. ... Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ... Chromolithography was the first method for making true multi color prints. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... Location of Palos de la Frontera Municipality Huelva Government  - Mayor Carmelo Romero Hernández Area  - City 50 km²  (19. ... Anthem: Arrorró Capital Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 13th  7,447 km²  1. ... The Santa Maria at anchor by Andries van Eertvelt, painted c. ... The Santa Maria was the largest of the three ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Niña (the Spanish word for girl) was one of the three ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first voyage towards the Indies in 1492. ... Replica of the Pinta The Pinta (the Painted) was fastest of of the three ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. ...

Three days into the journey, on August 6, 1492, the rudder of the Pinta became broken and unhung, rendering the ship disabled.^[2] The owners of the ship, Gomez Rascon and Christoval Quintero, were suspected of sabotage, as they and their ship had been pressed into service against their will.^[3] The captain of the Pinta was able to secure the rudder temporarily with cords until the Canary Islands could be reached on August 9, 1492.^[4] Here the fleet repaired the Pinta and re-rigged the Niña's lateen sails to standard square sails.^[4] is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... A vessel (xebec) with three lateens Dhow with lateen sail in bad tack with the sail pressing against the mast, in Mozambique. ...

While securing provisions from the island of La Gomera, Columbus received word that three Portuguese caravels had been seen hovering near El Hierro with the supposed intention of capturing him.^[5] However, on September 6, 1492 the westward voyage began without incident.^[6] La Gomera is the second smallest island of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. ... Hierro redirects here. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ...

Early in the voyage, Columbus predicted that land should be found within 700 leagues (approx. 2500 miles), and ordered the commanders of the other vessels to refrain from sailing at night once that distance had passed to avoid wrecking.^[7] He also hedged his bets by keeping two logs of the distance traveled - a secret log with the true distance, and an altered copy that he shared with the crew, showing much less.^[6][7] League is a unit of distance long common in Europe and Latin America, although no longer an official unit in any nation. ...

On October 13, 1492, Columbus observed that the needle of his compass no longer pointed to the North star, a phenomenon which had never before been recorded. The needle instead had varied a half point to the Northwest, and continued to vary further as the journey progressed. He at first made no mention of this, knowing his crew to be prone to panic with their destination unknown, but after several days his pilots took notice with much anxiety. Columbus keenly reasoned that the needle didn't point to the North star, but to some invisible point on the Earth. His reputation as a profound astronomer held weight with the crew, and his theory alleviated their alarm. is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ...

A legend is that the crew grew so homesick and fearful that they threatened to sail back to Spain. Although the actual situation is unclear, most likely the sailors' resentments merely amounted to complaints or suggestions.

After 29 days out of sight of land, on October 7, 1492, the crew spotted shore birds flying west, and they changed direction to make their landfall. A later comparison of dates and migratory patterns leads to the conclusion that the birds were Eskimo curlews and American golden plovers.^{[citation needed]} is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... Binomial name Numenius borealis (Forster, 1772) The Eskimo Curlew or Northern Curlew, Numenius borealis, is (or possibly was) a medium-sized shorebird. ... Binomial name Pluvialis dominica (Statius Muller, 1776) The American Golden Plover (Pluvialis dominica) is a medium-sized plover. ...

Land was sighted at 2 a.m. on October 12, by a sailor named Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodriguez Bermejo) aboard Pinta.^[8] Columbus would later assert that he had first seen the light which was suspected as land, and thus earned the reward of 10,000 maravedís. ^[9][10] Columbus called the island (in what is now The Bahamas) San Salvador, although the natives called it Guanahani. Exactly which island in the Bahamas this corresponds to is an unresolved topic; prime candidates are Samana Cay, Plana Cays, or San Salvador Island (named San Salvador in 1925 in the belief that it was Columbus' San Salvador). The indigenous people he encountered, the Lucayan, Taíno or Arawak, were peaceful and friendly. Columbus proceeded to observe the natives and how they went about. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Juan Rodrigo Bermejo was a Spanish sailor born in Sevilla. ... The maravedí was a coin used in Spain for several centuries. ... Guanahani was the name the natives gave to the island that Columbus called San Salvador when he first arrived at the Americas. ... Samana Cay is a small island in the central Bahamas, uninhabited most of the time, and believed by some researchers to have been the location of Columbuss first landfall, on October 12, 1492. ... Plana Cays is an uninhabited atoll in the Bahamas. ... San Salvador Island, also known as Watling Island, is an island and district of the Bahamas. ... Native Americans redirects here. ... The Lucayan were those Arawak which inhabited the Bahamas at the time of Christopher Columbus landing. ... Reconstruction of a Taíno village in Cuba The Taíno are pre-Columbian indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and some of the Lesser Antilles. ... The term Arawak (from aru, the Lokono word for cassava flour), was used to designate the Amerindians encountered by the Spanish in the Caribbean. ...

Columbus also explored the northeast coast of Cuba (landed on October 28) and the northern coast of Hispaniola, by December 5. Here, the Santa Maria ran aground on Christmas morning 1492 and had to be abandoned. He was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. Columbus founded the settlement La Navidad and left 40 men. is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Early map of Hispaniola The island of Hispaniola (from Spanish, La Española) is the second-largest island of the Antilles, lying between the islands of Cuba to the west, and Puerto Rico to the east. ... is the 339th day of the year (340th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Christmas is an annual holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... Look up cacique in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Guacanagari was one of the five native kings of Hispaniola. ... La Navidad was the colony Columbus and his men and some help from Guacanagari built in 1492. ...

On January 15, 1493, he set sail for home by way of the Azores. To achieve that goal, "He wrestled his ship against the wind and ran into a fierce storm."^{[citation needed]} is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1493 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto (Portuguese for Rather die free than in peace subjugated) Anthem  (national)  (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do Heroísmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Government Autonomous region  -  President Carlos César Establishment  -  Settled 1439   -  Autonomy 1976  Area  -  Total 2,333 km² (n/a) 911 sq mi...

Leaving the island of Santa Maria in the Azores, Columbus headed for Spain, but another storm forced him into Lisbon. He anchored next to the King's harbor patrol ship on March 4, 1493, where he was told a fleet of 100 caravels had been lost in the storm. Astoundingly, both the Niña and the Pinta were spared. Not finding the King John in Lisbon, Columbus wrote a letter to him and waited for the king's reply. The king requested that Columbus go to Vale do Paraíso to meet with him. Some have speculated that his landing in Portugal was intentional. Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Lisboa  - Subregion Grande Lisboa  - District or A.R. Lisbon Mayor Carmona Rodrigues  - Party PSD Area 84. ... is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1493 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A caravel is a small, highly maneuverable, three-masted ship used by the Spanish for long voyages of exploration beginning in the 15th century. ... John II of Portugal João II of Portugal (Portuguese pron. ...

Relations between Portugal and Castile were poor at the time. Columbus went to meet with the king at Vale do Paraíso (north of Lisbon). After spending more than one week in Portugal, he set sail for Spain. Word of his finding new lands rapidly spread throughout Europe. He reached Spain on March 15. is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

He was received as a hero in Spain. He displayed several kidnapped natives and what gold he had found to the court, as well as the previously unknown tobacco plant, the pineapple fruit, the turkey and the sailor's first love, the hammock. He did not bring any of the coveted East Indies spices, such as the exceedingly expensive black pepper, ginger or cloves. In his log, he wrote "there is also plenty of ají, which is their pepper, which is more valuable than black pepper, and all the people eat nothing else, it being very wholesome" (Turner, 2004, P11). The word ají is still used in South American Spanish for chili peppers. Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in genus Nicotiana. ... For other uses, see Pineapple (disambiguation). ... Garden hammock A couple in a hammock on the beach The hammock is a fabric sling used for sleeping or resting. ... The Indies, on the display globe of the Field Museum, Chicago The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term used to describe lands of South and South-East Asia, occupying all of the former British India, the present Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and... Binomial name Piper nigrum L. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. ... For other uses, see Ginger (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (L.) Merrill & Perry A single dried clove flower bud Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum, syn. ...

Columbus's report to the royal court in Madrid was extravagant. He insisted he had reached Asia (it was Cuba) and an island off the coast of China (Hispaniola). His descriptions were part fact, part fiction: "Hispaniola is a miracle. Mountains and hills, plains and pastures, are both fertile and beautiful...the harbors are unbelievably good and there are many wide rivers of which the majority contain gold...There are many spices, and great mines of gold and other metals...".

In his first journey, Columbus visited San Salvador in the Bahamas (which he was convinced was Japan), Cuba (which he thought was China) and Haiti (where he found gold).

Second voyage

Second voyage.

Admiral Columbus left from Cádiz, Spain, to find new territories on September 24, 1493, with 17 ships carrying supplies, and about 1,200 men to peacefully colonize the region. It goes without saying that this was in direct competition with Portugal. On October 13, the ships left the Canary Islands as they had before, following a more southerly course. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x1085, 82 KB) Summary 2nd voyage of Columbus. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x1085, 82 KB) Summary 2nd voyage of Columbus. ... Location Location of Cádiz Coordinates : Time Zone : General information Native name Cádiz (Spanish) Spanish name Cádiz Postal code – Website http://www. ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1493 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

On November 3, 1493, Columbus sighted a rugged island that he named Dominica. On the same day, he landed at Marie-Galante, which he named Santa Maria la Galante. After sailing past Les Saintes (Todos los Santos), he arrived at Guadaloupe (Santa Maria de Guadalupe), which he explored between November 4 and November 10, 1493. The exact course of his voyage through the Lesser Antilles is debated, but it seems likely that he turned north, sighting and naming several islands including Montserrat (Santa Maria de Monstserrate), Antigua (Santa Maria la Antigua), Redondo (Santa Maria la Redonda), Nevis (Santa María de las Nieves), Saint Kitts (San Jorge), Sint Eustatius (Santa Anastasia), Saba (San Cristobal), Saint Martin (San Martin), and Saint Croix (Santa Cruz). He also sighted the island chain of the Virgin Islands, which he named Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Virgines, and named the islands of Virgin Gorda, Tortola, and Peter Island (San Pedro). is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1493 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Marie-Galante, an island of the Caribbean Sea in the Guadeloupe archipelago of the French West Indies, and as part of the Guadeloupe Département doutre-mer, is a constitutional part of France. ... Guadeloupe, in the Caribbean Sea, is an archipelago with a total area of 1,704 km² located in the Eastern Caribbean. ... is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1493 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of the Lesser Antilles (green) in relation to the rest of the Caribbean Islands of the Lesser Antilles The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees,[1] are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas and Greater Antilles form the West Indies. ... Coat of Arms Redondo (pron. ... Official language English Political status State in the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis Premier Joseph Parry Deputy Governor-General[1] Eustace John President, Nevis Island Assembly Marjorie Morton Capital Charlestown, Nevis Area  - Total (Not ranked) 35. ... Country Saint Kitts and Nevis Archipelago Leeward Islands Region Caribbean Area 65 sq. ... Map showing location of Sint Eustatius relative to Saba and Sint Maarten/Saint Martin. ... Motto Remis Velisque (Latin) With oars and sails (English) Anthem Saba you rise from the ocean Capital The Bottom Largest city The Bottom Official languages Dutch, Papiamento and English (unofficial) Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles  -  Saba Administrator A.J.M. Solagnier  -  Governor of N.A. Frits Goedgedrag Constitutional... St. ... Saint Croix from space, January 1993 Saint Croix is one of the United States Virgin Islands, a United States territory, in the Caribbean. ... Virgin Gorda is the second-largest of the British Virgin Islands Virgin Gorda is the third-largest of the British Virgin Islands. ... Tortola is the largest and most populated of the British Virgin Islands, a group of islands which form part of the archipelago of the Virgin Islands. ... Peter Island was discovered by Christopher Columbus while he was exploring the area around the Virgin Islands. ...

He continued to the Greater Antilles, and landed at Puerto Rico (San Juan Bautista) on November 19, 1493. The first skirmish between Americans and Europeans since the Vikings^[11] took place when his men rescued two boys who had just been castrated by their captors. The Greater Antilles, an island group in the Caribbean Sea, are part of the Antilles. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1493 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On November 22, he returned to Hispaniola, where he found his colonists had fallen into dispute with natives in the interior and had been killed, but he did not accuse Chief Guacanagari, his ally, of any wrongdoing. Another Chief, named Caonabo, was charged and became the earliest known American native resistance fighter. Columbus established a new settlement at Isabella, on the north coast of Hispaniola, where gold had first been found, but it was a poor location and the settlement was short-lived. He spent some time exploring the interior of the island for gold. Finding some, he established a small fort in the interior. He left Hispaniola on April 24, 1494, and arrived at Cuba (which he had discovered during his first voyage and named Juana) on April 30 and Jamaica on May 5. He explored the south coast of Cuba, which he believed to be a peninsula rather than an island, and several nearby islands including the Isle of Youth (La Evangelista), before returning to Hispaniola on August 20. is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Guacanagari was one of the five native kings of Hispaniola. ... is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1494 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Isla de la Juventud (English: Isle of Youth) is the largest island of Cuba after Cuba proper. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Before he left Spain on his second voyage, Columbus had been directed by Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain friendly, even loving, relations with the natives. He nevertheless sent a letter to the monarchs proposing to enslave some of the native peoples, specifically the Caribs, on the grounds of their aggressiveness and their status as enemies of the Taino. Although his petition was refused by the Crown, in February 1495 Columbus took 1,600 Arawak (a different tribe, who were also hunted by the Carib) as slaves. There was no room for about 400 of them and they were released. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Taíno are the pre-Hispanic Amerindian inhabitants of the Greater Antilles, which includes Cuba, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Puerto Rico, Jamaica and the Bahamas. ...

The many voyages of discovery did not pay for themselves; there was no funding for pure science in the Renaissance. Columbus had planned with Isabella to set up trading posts with the cities of the Far East made famous by Marco Polo, but which had been blockaded as described above. Of course, Columbus would never find Cathay (China) or Zipangu (Japan), and there was no longer any Great Kahn. Slavery was practiced widely at that time, amongst many peoples of the world, including some Indians. For the Portuguese — from whom Columbus received most of his maritime training — slavery had resulted in the first financial return on a 75-year investment in Africa. The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ... Marco Polo (September 15, 1254 – January 8, 1324) was a Venetian trader and explorer who gained fame for his worldwide travels, recorded in the book Il Milione (The Million or The Travels of Marco Polo). ... Cathay is the Anglicized version of Catai, the name that was given to northern China by Marco Polo (he referred to southern China as Manji). ... Jipangu or Zipangu (ジパング) is a obfuscated name for Japan that has recently come into vogue for Japanese movies, animes, video games, etc. ... Kahn (or Cahn) is a surname which may refer to: Albert Kahn – French banker, philanthropist and photograph collector Albert Kahn – American industrial architect Albert E. Kahn – American journalist Alfred E. Kahn – American economist Alfred R. Kahn – CEO of 4Kids Entertainment Ashley Kahn – American jazz historian Axel Kahn – French geneticist Brenda... Slave redirects here. ... Invest redirects here. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

Five hundred sixty slaves were shipped to Spain; 200 died en route and half the remainder were ill when they arrived. After legal proceedings, some survivors were released and ordered to be shipped home, others sent by Isabella to be galley slaves. Columbus, desperate to repay his investors, failed to realize that Isabella and Ferdinand did not plan to follow Portuguese policy in this respect. Rounding up the slaves led to the first major battle between the Spanish and the natives in the New World.

Columbus was anxious to pay back dividends to those who had invested in his promise to fill his ships with gold. And since so many of the slaves died in captivity, he developed a plan while in the province of Cicao on Haiti. Columbus imposed a tribute system similar to that of the Aztec on the mainland. The natives in Cicao on Haiti all those above 14 years of age were required to find a certain quota of gold every three months. Upon their return, they would receive tokens that they wore around their necks. Any Indian found without a copper token had their hands cut off and subsequently bled to death. It has been suggested that Mexica be merged into this article or section. ...

Despite such extreme measures, Columbus did not manage to obtain much and many "settlers" were unhappy with the climate and disillusioned about their chances of getting rich quick. A classic gold rush had been set off that would have tragic consequences for the Caribbean, though anthropologists have shown there was more intermarriage and assimilation than previously believed (see the Black Legend). Columbus allowed settlers to return home with any Indian women with whom they had started families or, to Isabella's fury, owned as slaves. For other meanings, see Gold rush (disambiguation) A California Gold Rush handbill A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold. ... “West Indian” redirects here. ... The Black Legend (Spanish: La Leyenda Negra) is a term coined by Julián Juderías in his 1914 book La leyenda negra y la verdad histórica (The Black Legend and Historical Truth), to describe what he argued was the unfair depiction of Spain and Spaniards as bloodthirsty, cruel...

From Haiti he finally returned to Spain.

Third voyage and arrest

Third voyage.

Location of city of Sanlúcar de Barrameda, the starting point for Columbus' third journey.

On May 30, 1498, Columbus left with seven ships from Sanlúcar, Spain, for his third trip to the New World. He was accompanied by the young Bartolomé de Las Casas, who would later provide partial transcripts of Columbus' logs. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x1085, 78 KB) Summary 3rd voyage of Columbus. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x1085, 78 KB) Summary 3rd voyage of Columbus. ... Image File history File links AndalusAndMorocco. ... Image File history File links AndalusAndMorocco. ... Sanlúcar de Barrameda from the mouth of the Guadalquivir river Sanlúcar de Barrameda is a Spanish city in the northwestern part of the Cádiz province. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1498 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sanlúcar de Barrameda from the mouth of the Guadalquivir river Sanlúcar de Barrameda is a Spanish city in the northwestern part of the Cádiz province. ... Bartolomé de las Casas This article is about a Spanish priest in the 16th century. ...

Columbus led the fleet to the Portuguese island of Porto Santo, his wife's native land. He then sailed to Madeira and spent some time there with the Portuguese captain João Gonçalves da Camara before sailing to the Canary Islands and Cape Verde. Columbus landed on the south coast of the island of Trinidad on July 31. From August 4 through August 12, he explored the Gulf of Paria which separates Trinidad from Venezuela. He explored the mainland of South America, including the Orinoco River. He also sailed to the islands of Chacachacare and Margarita Island and sighted and named Tobago (Bella Forma) and Grenada (Concepcion). He described the new lands as belonging to a previously unknown new continent, but he pictured it hanging from China, bulging out to make the earth pear-shaped. Anthem: Arrorró Capital Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 13th  7,447 km²  1. ... Look up Trinidad in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Gulf of Paria (Golfo de Paria in Spanish) is a shallow inland sea between the island of Trinidad (Republic of Trinidad and Tobago) and the east coast of Venezuela. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... The Orinoco is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,410 km, (1,497. ... Chacachacare is an island in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. ... There are three islands with a similar name: Margarita Island (Margitsziget) in Budapest, Hungary Isla Margarita in Venezuela. ... Castara village beach looking south, Tobago Tobago is the smaller of the two main islands that make up the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. ...

Columbus returned to Hispaniola on August 19 to find that many of the Spanish settlers of the new colony were discontent, having been misled by Columbus about the supposedly bountiful riches of the new world. Columbus repeatedly had to deal with rebellious settlers and natives. He had some of his crew hanged for disobeying him. A number of returned settlers and friars lobbied against Columbus at the Spanish court, accusing him of mismanagement. The king and queen sent the royal administrator Francisco de Bobadilla in 1500, who upon arrival (August 23) detained Columbus and his brothers and had them shipped home. In 2005, a long lost state report was rediscovered depicting Columbus as a particularly cruel ruler. The report may explain part of the reasons for the Spanish Crown's decision to remove Columbus from his position as first governor of the Indies. Columbus refused to have his shackles removed on the trip to Spain, during which he wrote a long and pleading letter to the Spanish monarchs. They accepted his letter and let Columbus and his brothers go free. is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Francisco de Bobadilla was a Spanish colonial administrator. ... is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Although he regained his freedom, he did not regain his prestige and lost all his titles including the governorship. As an added insult, the Portuguese had won the race to the Indies: Vasco da Gama returned in September 1499 from a trip to India, having sailed east around Africa. For other uses, see Vasco da Gama (disambiguation). ...

Fourth voyage

Fourth voyage.

Nevertheless, Columbus made a fourth voyage, nominally in search of the Strait of Malacca to the Indian Ocean. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x1085, 85 KB) Summary 4th voyage of Columbus. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x1085, 85 KB) Summary 4th voyage of Columbus. ... A close-up map showing the Strait of Malacca separating peninsular Malaysia and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ...

Accompanied by his brother Bartolomeo and his 13-year-old son Fernando, he left Cádiz, Spain on May 11, 1502, with the ships Capitana, Gallega, Vizcaína and Santiago de Palos. He sailed to Arzila on the Moroccan coast to rescue the Portuguese soldiers who he heard were under siege by the Moors. On June 15, they landed at Carbet on the island of Martinique (Martinica). A hurricane was brewing, so he continued on, hoping to find shelter on Hispaniola. He arrived at Santo Domingo on June 29, but was denied port, and the new governor refused to listen to his storm prediction. Instead, while Columbus's ships sheltered at the mouth of the Jaina River, the first Spanish treasure fleet sailed into the hurricane. The only ship to reach Spain had Columbus's money and belongings on it, and all of his former enemies (and a few friends) had drowned. Bartolomeo Columbus (Bartolomé Colón) was the younger brother of Christopher Columbus. ... (1488-1539). ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1502 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about weather phenomena. ... It has been suggested that Greater Santo Domingo Area be merged into this article or section. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

After a brief stop at Jamaica, he sailed to Central America, arriving at Guanaja (Isla de Pinos) in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras on July 30. Here Bartolomeo found native merchants and a large canoe, which was described as "long as a galley" and was filled with cargo. On August 14, he landed on the American mainland at Puerto Castilla, near Trujillo, Honduras. He spent two months exploring the coasts of Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, before arriving in Almirante Bay, Panama on October 16. For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ... Islas de la Bahía (Bay Islands) is one of the 18 departments (departamentos) into which the Central American nation of Honduras is divided. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Flag of Trujillo Trujillo is a city in northeastern Honduras along the Caribbean coast. ... is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Four Voyages of Columbus 1492-1503

In Panama, he learned from the natives of gold and a strait to another ocean. After much exploration, he established a garrison at the mouth of Rio Belen in January 1503. On April 6, one of the ships became stranded in the river. At the same time, the garrison was attacked, and the other ships were damaged. He left for Hispaniola on April 16, but sustained more damage in a storm off the coast of Cuba. Unable to travel any farther, the ships were beached in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, on June 25, 1503. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (826x600, 142 KB) The Four Voyages of Columbus 1492-1503 - Project Gutenberg etext 18571 From Project Gutenbergs The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, 985-1503, by Various http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (826x600, 142 KB) The Four Voyages of Columbus 1492-1503 - Project Gutenberg etext 18571 From Project Gutenbergs The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, 985-1503, by Various http://www. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Location latitude 18°12N, longitude 77°28W Capital Town Saint Anns Bay Major towns Ocho Rios, Browns Town, Runaway Bay, Claremont County Middlesex Area 1,212. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1503 (MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

Columbus and his men were stranded on Jamaica for a year. Two Spaniards, with native paddlers, were sent by canoe to get help from Hispaniola. In the meantime, in a desperate effort to induce the natives to continue provisioning him and his hungry men, he successfully intimidated the natives by correctly predicting a lunar eclipse, using astronomic tables made by Rabbi Abraham Zacuto who was working for the king of Portugal. Help finally arrived on June 29, 1504, and Columbus and his men arrived in Sanlúcar, Spain on November 7. It has been suggested that Canadian canoe be merged into this article or section. ... Time lapse movie of the 3 March 2007 lunar eclipse A lunar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon passes through some portion of the Earths shadow. ... Abraham Zacuto (אברהם זכות) (portuguese: Abraão ben Samuel Zacuto) was a Spanish astronomer, mathematician and historian who served as Royal Astronomer in the 15th Century to King John II of Portugal. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1504 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sanlúcar de Barrameda from the mouth of the Guadalquivir river Sanlúcar de Barrameda is a Spanish city in the northwestern part of the Cádiz province. ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Christopher Columbus
• Columbus Day
• Guanahani (a discussion of candidates for site of first landing)
• Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli
• Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
• Spanish colonization of the Americas

Christopher Columbus (1451 – May 20, 1506) was a navigator and maritime explorer credited as the discoverer of the Americas. ... Columbus Day is a holiday celebrated in many countries in the Americas, commemorating the date of Christopher Columbuss arrival in the New World on October 12, 1492. ... Guanahani was the name the natives gave to the island that Columbus called San Salvador when he first arrived at the Americas. ... Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli. ... Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact refers to interactions between the indigenous peoples of the Americas and peoples of other continents—Europe, Africa, Asia, or Oceania—before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ... The Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in the Western Hemisphere of Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón) in 1492. ...

Notes and references

• Clements R. Markham, ed., The Journal of Christopher Columbus (during His First Voyage, 1492-93), London: The Hakluyt Society, 1893
• Washington Irving, A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Colombus, G. & C. Carvill, 1828

1. ^ Markham, p. 18
2. ^ Markham, p. 19
3. ^ Irving, p. 121
4. ^ ^{a b} Markham, p. 20
5. ^ Markham, pp. 21-22
6. ^ ^{a b} Markham, p. 22
7. ^ ^{a b} Irving, p. 125
8. ^ Markham, pp 35
9. ^ Markham, pp 36
10. ^ Clements R. Markham, ed.,A People's History Of The Unites States 1492-Present, HarperCollins, 2001, p. 2.
11. ^ Philips and Philips, The Worlds of Christopher Columbus

External links

• European Voyages of Exploration: Christopher Columbus
• Teaching about the Voyages of Columbus