?Vrindavan Uttar Pradesh • India
Vrindavan
Coordinates: 27°35′N 77°42′E / 27.58, 77.7
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	• 170 m (558 ft)
District(s)	Mathura
Population	56,618 (2001)

Coordinates: 27°35′N 77°42′E / 27.58, 77.7 Vrindavan pronunciation (help· info) (alternate spellings Vrindaban or Brindavan), or Vraj in Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh, India is a town on the site of an ancient forest which is believed to have been the region where the famous cowherd boy, Krishna, from Hindu scriptures spent his childhood days. It is about 15km away from Mathura city (said to be Krishna's birthplace), near the Agra-Delhi highway. The town includes many hundreds of temples dedicated to the worship of Radha and Krishna and is considered sacred by a number of religious traditions such as Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism, and Hinduism in general. , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , IPA:  , translation: Northern Province), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... The divisions of a district. ... Mathura District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 - A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall appears in Seattles Magnuson Park, placed by an anonymous... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Image File history File links Vrindavan. ... Mathura District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. ... , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , IPA:  , translation: Northern Province), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ... This article is about the Hindu deity. ... hinduism also involves the exchange of male pun. ... , Mathura   (Hindi: मथुरा, Urdu: متھرا) is a holy city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... SACRED SACRED was a Cubesat built by the Student Satellite Program of the University of Arizona. ... Gaudiya Vaishnavism, (Bengal) Vaishnavism, is a sect of Hinduism founded by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. ... Vaishnavism is one of the principal traditions of Hinduism, and is distinguished from other schools by its primary worship of Vishnu (and his associated avatars) as the Supreme God. ... hinduism also involves the exchange of male pun. ...

In recent decades the name of Vrindavan has often been used within India, to represent an idyllic place or garden. Even in urban areas the town is busy with wildlife, including peacocks, cows, monkeys and a variety of bird species. Some of the ancient forest still remains, including a number of protected tulsi woods, which are of special significance to the local inhabitants, many of whom use leaves from the tulsi plant each day in their worship (puja). Paradise, Jan Bruegel Paradise is an English word from Persian roots that is generally identified with the Garden of Eden or with Heaven. ... Peacock re-directs here; for alternate uses see Peacock (disambiguation). ... For general information about the genus, including other species of cattle, see Bos. ... Approximate worldwide distribution of monkeys. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Synonyms Ocimum sanctum L. The Tulsi (also known as Tulasi) plant or Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) is an important symbol in many Hindu religious traditions. ... A puja as performed in Ujjain during the Monsoon on the banks of the overflowing river Shipra. ...

Religious heritage

Main article: Krishna

According to tradition, Krishna was raised in the cowherding village of Gokul by his foster parents Nanda Maharaj and Yasoda. The Bhagavata Purana describes Krishna's early childhood pastimes in Vrindavan forest wherein he, his brother Balarama, and his cowherd friends stole butter, engaged in childhood pranks and fought with demons. Along with these activities, Krishna is also described as meeting and dancing with the local girls of Vrindavan village including Radharani who were known as gopis. These pastimes were the source of inspiration for the famous poem, Gita Govinda. This article is about the Hindu deity. ... According to Hindu mythology, Nanda is a peasant and foster-father of Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu. ... In Hinduism, Yasoda is a peasant woman and foster-mother of Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu. ... The Bhagavata Purana (sometimes rendered as Bhagavatha Purana), also known as the Srimad Bhagavatam, written c. ... This article is about a community of trees. ... Balarama, next to the river Yamuna. ... In Hindi, Raksha means protection. This word is derived from the Sanskrit language. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Gopis as depicted in portrait at the Smithsonian Institute Gopi is a word of Sanskrit (गोपी) origin meaning cow-herd girl. In Hinduism specifically the name gopi (sometimes gopika) is used more commonly to refer to the group of cow herding girls famous within Vaishnava Theology for their unconditional devotion (bhakti... The Gita Govinda or the Song of the Shri Krishna is a work composed in the 12th century by Jayadeva Goswami. ...

Temples

Temple of Radha-Madan Mohan in Vrindavan

The most popular temples include: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 509 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (870 × 1024 pixel, file size: 299 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Temple of Radha-Madan Mohan in Vrindavan, India I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 509 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (870 × 1024 pixel, file size: 299 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Temple of Radha-Madan Mohan in Vrindavan, India I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the Hindu deity. ...

• The Madan Mohan Temple located near the Kali Ghat which was built by Kapur Ram Das of Multan. This is the oldest existent temple in Vrindavan today. The temple is closely associated with the saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The original image of Lord Madan Gopal was shifted from the shrine to Karauli in Rajasthan for safe keeping during Aurangzeb's rule. Today, a replica of the image is worshiped at the temple.

• The Banke-Bihari Temple, built in 1862^[1] is the most popular shrine at Vrindavan. The image of Banke-Bihari was discovered in Nidhi Vana by Swami Haridas, the great Krishna devotee, belonging to the Nimbarka sampradaya.

• The famous Radha Vallabh Temple set up by the Radha - Vallabh sampradaya, has the crown of Radharani placed next to the Shri Krishna image in the sanctum.

• The Jaipur Temple which was built by Sawai Madho Singh II, the Maharaja of Jaipur in 1917, is a richly embellished and opulent temple. The fine hand - carved sandstone is of unparalleled workmanship. The temple is dedicated to Shri Radha Madhava.

• Sri Radha Raman Mandir constructed at the request of Gopala Bhatta Goswami around 1542 is one most exquisitely crafted and revered temples of Vrindavan, especially by the Goswamis. It still houses the original saligram deity of Krishna, alongside Radharani.^[2]

• The Shahji Temple, another popular temple at Vrindavan, was designed and built in 1876 by a wealthy jeweller, Shah Kundan Lal of Lucknow. The deities (images) at the temple are popularly known as the Chhote Radha Raman. Noted for its magnificent architecture and beautiful marble sculpture, the temple has twelve spiral columns each 15 feet high. The `Basanti Kamra' - the darbar hall is famed for its Belgian glass chandeliers and fine paintings.

• The Rangaji Temple, built in 1851 is dedicated to Lord Ranganatha or Rangaji depicted as Lord Vishnu in his sheshashayi pose, resting on the coils of the sacred Sesha Naga. The temple built in the Dravidian style (as a replica of Srivilliputhur) has a tall gopuram (gateway), of six storeys and a gold - plated Dhwaja stambha, 50 feet high. A water tank and a picturesque garden lie within the temple enclosure. The annual festival of Jal Vihar of the presiding deity is performed with great pomp and splendour at the tank. The temple is also famous for its `Brahmotsdav' celebration in March-April, more popularly known as the `Rath ka Mela'. The ten day long celebrations are marked by the pulling of the rath (the chariot car) by the devotees from the temple to the adjoining gardens. The prayers within the temple are performed, following in the style of Andal, one of the twelve Vaishnava Saints of South India.

• The Govind Deo (Govindaji) Temple was once a magnificent seven storeyed structure built in the form of a Greek cross. It is said that the Emperor Akbar donated some of the red sandstone that had been brought for the Red Fort at Agra, for the construction of this temple. Built at the astronomical cost of one crore rupees in 1590 by his general Raja Man Singh, the temple combines western, Hindu and Muslim architectural elements in its structure. It was destroyed by Mughal ruler Aurangzeb.

• The Sri Krishna-Balrama Temple built by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) in a location known as 'Raman-Reti', is one of the most beautiful temples in Vrindavan today. The principal deities of this temple are Krishna & Balaram, with Radha-Shyamasundar and Gaura-Nitai alongside. Adjoining the temple is the samadhi of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON, built in pure white marble.

• The Radha Damodar Mandir Located at Seva Kunj, the Mandir was established in 1542 by Srila Jiva Goswami. The deities Sri Sri Radha Damodar are here. The bhajan kutir of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada is also situated at the Mandir.

Multan shown on a 1669 world map   (Urdu: ملتان) is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. ... Caitanya Mahaprabhu (1486-1534) Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (also transliterated Caitanya, IAST ) (Bengali ) (1486 - 1534), was an ascetic Vaishnava monk and social reformer in 16th century Bengal[1], (present-day West Bengal and Bangladesh) and Orissa in India[2]. Chaitanya was a notable proponent for the Vaishnava school of Bhakti yoga (meaning... Karauli (also Karoli or Kerowlee) is a town in Rajasthan state of India. ... Aurangzeb (Persian: (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abdul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, Padshah Ghazi) (November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707), also known by his chosen Imperial title Alamgir I (Conqueror of the Universe) (Persian: ), was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from... According to one school of thought he was born in 1480 A.D. in Rajpur near Brindavan. ... Nimbarka, is known for propagating the Vaishnava Theology of Dvaitaadvaita, duality in unity. ... , Jaipur   (Hindi: जयपुर, Rajasthan Capital), also popularly known as the Pink City, historically sometimes rendered as Jeypore, is the capital of Rajasthan state, India. ... Madhava is another name for Vishnu and appears as the 72nd, 167th and 735th names in the Vishnu sahasranama. ... Gopala Bhatta Goswami (b. ... Although much less popular as the lingam is used for worship of Shiva, Vishnu is worshipped as an abstract form (i. ... , Lucknow ( , Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. ... Vishnu (IAST , Devanagari ), (honorific: Sri Vishnu) also known as Narayana is the Supreme Being (i. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sesha Naga. ... , Srivilliputhur (Tamil: ஸ்ரீவில்லிபுத்தூர் / திருவில்லிபுத்தூர்) is a city and a municipality in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... Temple Cars are like Charriot that carries Hindu gods. ... Andal, pronounced aanDaaL is one of the twelve Alvars of Vaishnavism, and is the second most important of them. ... Krsnas name is Govinda. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ... A crore is a unit in the Indian numbering system, still widely used in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. ... Raja Man Singh was the Kacchwaha rajput raja of Amber, Near Jaipur. ... Aurangzeb (Persian: (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abdul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, Padshah Ghazi) (November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707), also known by his chosen Imperial title Alamgir I (Conqueror of the Universe) (Persian: ), was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from... Founder of ISKCON: A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), also known as the Hare Krishna movement, was founded in 1966 in New York City by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. ... Shyam is another name for the Hindu deity Krishna. ... A Gouranga installation on a railway bridge in Leicester. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (September 1, 1896–November 14, 1977) was the founder of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (popularly known as the Hare Krishnas). Born as Abhay Charan De, in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ... The Six Gosvamis of Vrindavan consist of; the brothers Sanatana Gosvami and Rupa Gosvami, their nephew Jiva Gosvami, Raghunatha Bhatta Gosvami, Raghunatha dasa Gosvami and Gopala Bhatta Gosvami. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Damodar River in India Damodar (name of Krishna) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Other sacred sites

Kusuma Sarovar bathing ghat, in the Vrindavan area

Other places of interest include Seva Kunj, Kesi Ghat, Sriji Temple, Jugal Kishore Temple, Lal Babu Temple, Raj Ghat, Kusuma Sarovar, Meera-Bai Temple, Imli Tal, Kaliya Ghat, Raman Reti, Varaha Ghat and Chira Ghat, and across the river, a short boat-ride away is the samadhi shrine of Devraha Baba, a revered saint of the last century. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 494 pixelsFull resolution (1008 × 623 pixel, file size: 201 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Kusum Sarovar bathing ghat in Vrindavan, India. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 494 pixelsFull resolution (1008 × 623 pixel, file size: 201 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Kusum Sarovar bathing ghat in Vrindavan, India. ...

The Seva Kunj is where Lord Krishna once performed the Raaslila with Radha-Rani and the gopis and Nidhi Van where the divine couple rested. The samadhi of Swami Haridas, the guru of Tansen, is situated here. Every year, in his honour, Swami Haridas Sammelan is organized, in which all renowed musicians of India take part. According to one school of thought he was born in 1480 A.D. in Rajpur near Brindavan. ... Tansen (possibly imaginary likeness created much later) Miyan Tansen (1493 or 1506 – 1586 or 1589) is considered among the greatest composer musicians in Hindustani classical music. ...

Another famous temple of Sri Vrindavan is Sri Kathia Baba Ka Sthan" at Gurukul Road [1], the mahanta of which is entitled as "brajobidehi mahanta" and the acharya of Swabhuram Dwara of Nimbarka sect, Sri Swami Rash Behari Das Kathia Babaji Maharaj. The name Kathia Baba comes from the wooden belt. ... For the pen name of D. Murdock, see Acharya S. An acharya is an important religious teacher. ... Nimbarka, is known for propagating the Vaishnava Theology of Dvaitaadvaita, duality in unity. ...

Geography

Vrindavan is located at 27.58° N 77.7° E^[3]. It has an average elevation of 170 metres (557 feet). This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...

Demographics

As of 2001 India census^[4], Vrindavan had a population of 56,618. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Vrindavan has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 55%. In Vrindavan, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 - A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall appears in Seattles Magnuson Park, placed by an anonymous... Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ...

Vrindavan is also known as the City of Widows^[5] due to the large number of widows who move into the town and surrounding area after losing their husbands. According to some Hindu traditions, upper-caste widows may not remarry, so many of those abandoned by their families on the death of their husband make their way here. In exchange for singing bhajan hymns for 7-8 hours in bhajanashrams, women are given a cup of rice and a pittance of money (around Rs.10)^[5], which they try to supplement by begging on the streets or in some instances, even through prostitution. There are an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 widows living on the streets^[6][7], many of whom have spent over 30 years there. An organization called Guild of Service was formed to assist these deprived women and children^[7]. In 2000 the organization opened Amar Bari (My Home), a refuge for 120 Vrindavan widows, and a second shelter for 500 widows is expected to open. Caste systems are traditional, hereditary systems of social classification, that evolved due to the enormous diversity in India (where all three primary races met, not by forced slavery but by immigration). ... A widow is a woman whose spouse has died. ... A bhajan or kirtan is a Hindu devotional song, often of ancient origin. ... An Ashram (Pronounced aashram) in ancient India was a Hindu hermitage where sages (See Rishi) lived in peace and tranquility amidst nature. ...

See also

• Six Goswamis of Vrindavan
• Hare Krishna
• Govardhan hill
• Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji

The Six Goswamis of Vrindavan in the renounced order of life, carrying japa mala and waterpots. ... Hare Krishna Mantra in Devanagari The Hare Krishna mantra, also referred to reverentially as the Maha Mantra (Great Mantra), is a sixteen-word Vaishnava mantra made well known outside of India by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as the Hare Krishnas)[1]. It is believed by practitioners... Krishna holding Govardhan hill from Smithsonian Institute’s collections Govardhan hill, literal meaning the increasing cattle, was the name of a mythical hill near Vrindavan. ... Srila Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji was born in a well-to-do mercantile family in 1838 in the village of Vagyana. ...

References

1. ^ Banke-Bihari Temple website
2. ^ The history of Sri Radha Raman Temple
3. ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Vrindavan
4. ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
5. ^ ^{a b} CNN: India's widows live out sentence of shame, poverty. Retrieved on 2007-03-25.
6. ^ Catalyst Magazine: Moksha: the widows of Vrindavan. Retrieved on 2007-03-25.
7. ^ ^{a b} Shunned from society, widows flock to city to die. Retrieved on 2007-07-05. (This article was criticized by several members of the South Asian Journalists Association for "generalizations and questionable assertions." An article in the SAJA Forum documents several instances where, after such criticisms appeared, CNN quietly made changes in the online version of the article. Arun Venugopal, a reporter for WNYC, wrote, "On the SAJA Discussion list, a number of people across the political spectrum found that the story ascribed too much to 'tradition' rather than to more complex social realities.")

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Brindaban.

• Vrindavan travel guide from Wikitravel
• Sri Vrindavan-dham
• Radha Damodar Mandir
• Food for Life Vrindavan
• Krishna-Balarama Mandir
• Krishna-Balarama Mandir Deities Darshan
• Photograph Gallery of Vrindavan
• Friends of Vrindavan
• Mathura & Vrindavan

Articles

• "Nothing to Go Back To - The Widows of Vrindavan WNN - Nov 5, 2007

v • d • e Hindu holy cities in India

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Coordinates: 27°35′N, 77°42′E Image File history File links Aum. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...