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Encyclopedia > W (IPA)
IPA – number 170
IPA – text w
IPA – image
Entity w
X-SAMPA w
Kirshenbaum w
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiced labiovelar (actually labialized velar) approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in certain spoken languages, including English. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is w, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is w. Not to be confused with the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... IPA symbols, detail from Image:Ipa-chart-other-symbols. ... HTML has been in use since 1991 (note that the W3C international standard is now XHTML), but the first standardized version with a reasonably complete treatment of international characters was version 4. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ... Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci. ... In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Not to be confused with the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. ...

Contents

Features

Features of the voiced labialized velar approximant:

  • Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
  • Its place of articulation is labialized velar, which means it is articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) raised toward the soft palate (the velum) and the lips rounded. Some languages, such as Japanese and perhaps the Northern Iroquoian languages, have a sound typically transcribed as [w] where the lips are compressed (or at least not rounded), which is closer to a true labial-velar consonant. Close transcriptions may avoid the symbol [w] in such cases, or may use the under-rounding diacritic, [w̜].
  • Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

In linguistics, manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs involved in making a sound make contact. ... Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. ... Turbulent flow around an obstacle; the flow further away is laminar Laminar and turbulent water flow over the hull of a submarine Turbulence creating a vortex on an airplane wing In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by low-momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and... Places of articulation (passive & active): 1. ... Labialisation is a secondary articulatory feature of phonemes in a language, most usually used to refer to consonants. ... Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... The soft palate, or velum, is the soft tissue comprising the back of the roof of the mouth. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Exolabial and endolabial [ʏ] in Swedish. ... Iroquoian languages The Iroquoian languages are a Native American language family. ... Exolabial and endolabial [ʏ] in Swedish. ... Labial-velar consonants are doubly articulated at the velum and the lips. ... In phonetics, phonation is the use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i. ... An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. ... A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue. ... In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... Respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. ...

In English

  • The voiced labiovelar approximant is used in English, in words such as wit [wɪt] and weather [ˈwɛðɚ].

In other languages

  • Abkhaz: ауаҩы [awaˈɥə], 'human'
  • Coptic: ϯⲟⲩ [tiw], 'five'
  • Old Georgian: ჯაჭჳ [dʒatʃʼwi], 'chain'
  • Polish: łaska [ˈwaska], 'grace'
  • Old English: The sound is written as ƿ.
  • Classical Latin used the letter V for this sound.
  • Ancient Greek used the letter digamma.
  • Belarusian: The letter ў can be pronounced as [w], but is more often realized as the semivowel [u̯].
  • Seri: A nasalized labiovelar approximant is the allophone of the phoneme /m/ which occurs following a tautosyllabic velar stop. This phonetic change is apparently quite new (within the last hundred years). Thus the word cmiique /kmiikɛ/ 'Seri person' is pronounced with a nasalized labiovelar approximant following the /k/; the nasalization then spreads to the adjacent vowels.
  • In most Romance Languages it is written u before vowels.

Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken in Georgia and Turkey. ... Coptic is the most recent phase of ancient Egyptian. ... Georgian (, kartuli ena) is the official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. ... Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ... Capital wynn (left), lowercase wynn (right) Wynn () (also spelled Wen or en) is a letter of the Old English alphabet. ... Classical Latin is the language used by the principal exponents of that language in what is usually regarded as classical Latin literature. ... Look up V, v in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... Digamma (upper case , lower case ) is an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet, used primarily as a Greek numeral. ... Short U (ÐŽ, Ñž) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the short semivowel in the Belarusian language, pronounced similarly to W in English. ... Semivowels (also glides, more rarely: semiconsonants) are non-syllabic vowels that form diphthongs with syllabic vowels. ... Seri (referred to as cmiique iitom by the Seri people) is a language isolate spoken by the Seri people in two villages on the coast of Sonora, Mexico. ... The Romance languages, also called Romanic languages, are a subfamily of the Italic languages, specifically the descendants of the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken by the common people evolving in different areas after the break-up of the Roman Empire. ... U is the twenty-first letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ...

See also

  Consonants (List, table) See also: IPA, Vowels  
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approximants  β̞ ʋ ð̞ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants ʍ w ɥ
Flaps & Taps ѵ̟ ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ
Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.


 

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