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Encyclopedia > Waist hip ratio
Profile showing the difference between waist and hip widths
Profile showing the difference between waist and hip widths

Waist-hip ratio or Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. It measures the proportion by which fat is distributed around the torso. The concept and significance of WHR was first theorized by evolutionary psychologist Dr. Devendra Singh at the University of Texas at Austin in 1993. [1] A ratio is a dimensionless, or unitless, quantity denoting an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another. ... The waist is the part of the abdomen between the ribcage and hips. ... Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ... Evolutionary psychology (abbreviated ev-psych or EP) is a theoretical approach to psychology that attempts to explain certain mental and psychological traits—such as memory, perception, or language—as evolved adaptations, i. ...

Contents

Measuring

To calculate the ratio, use a non-stretchable tape. Make sure it is level around the body, parallel to the floor, and tighten it without depressing the skin. Measure the waist at its narrowest point width-wise, usually just above the belly button. Measure the hips around the widest part of the hip bones. Then divide the waist measurement by the hip measurement.


Health

Showing the difference between waist and hip widths on a man
Showing the difference between waist and hip widths on a man

A WHR of 0.7 for women and 0.9 for men have been shown to correlate strongly with general health and fertility. Women within the 0.7 range have optimal levels of estrogen and are less susceptible to major diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and ovarian cancers. Men with WHRs around 0.9, similarly, have been shown to be more healthy and fertile with less prostate cancer and testicular cancer. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (540x770, 98 KB) Summary Male human buttocks. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (540x770, 98 KB) Summary Male human buttocks. ... Fertility is the ability of people or animals to produce healthy offspring in abundance, and of the earth to bear fruit. ... Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. ... Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the testicles (singular testis), a part of the male reproductive system. ...


WHR is a better measure of assessing a person’s risk of heart attack than Body mass index (BMI)[2]. If obesity is redefined using WHR instead of BMI, the proportion of people at risk of heart attack worldwide increases threefold.[3] An example of a body mass index chart Body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet Index is a statistical measure of the weight of a person scaled according to height. ...


Attractiveness

WHR is considered to be factor in a person's attractiveness. Women with a 0.7 WHR (waist circumference being 70% of the hip circumference) are often rated as more attractive by men regardless of culture, race, religion or ethnicity.[4][5] Such diverse beauty icons as Marilyn Monroe, Twiggy, Sophia Loren, Kate Moss, Salma Hayek and even the Venus de Milo all have ratios around 0.7, even though they have significantly different weights. Congruent with an evolutionary perspective, evidence suggests that humans use subtle biological cues, such as WHR, to indicate mate potential and fertility. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Norma Jeane Mortenson (June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962), better known as Marilyn Monroe, was an American Golden Globe Award winning actress, singer, model and pop icon. ... Twiggy (born Lesley Hornby on September 19, 1949) is an English supermodel, actress, and singer, now also known by her married name of Twiggy Lawson. ... Sophia Loren (born September 20, 1934) is a motion picture and stage, Academy Award-winning actress, widely considered to be the most popular Italian performer. ... Katherine Moss (born January 16, 1974), known as Kate Moss, is an English supermodel who is known for her waifish figure, high-profile relationships and iconic advertising campaigns. ... Salma Hayek Jiménez (born September 2, 1966) is an Academy Award-nominated Mexican actress, Emmy award-winning director, and a film and television producer. ... The Aphrodite of Milos otherwise known as the Venus de Milo is an ancient Greek statue and one of the most famous of the art of ancient Greek sculpture. ...


Artifical alteration

Many methods have been used to artificially alter a person's apparent WHR. These include corsets used to reduce the waist size and hip and buttock padding used by cross-dressers to increase the apparent size of the hips and buttocks. An ordinary hourglass corset from around 1890. ... Hip and buttock padding is used by some males who cross-dress as females. ... This articles is about cross-dressing in general, that is the act of wearing the clothing of another gender for any reason. ...


See also

Central obesity (or apple-shaped or masculine obesity) occurs when the main deposits of body fat are localised around the abdomen and the upper body. ... This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... An example of a body mass index chart Body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet Index is a statistical measure of the weight of a person scaled according to height. ... Body fat percentage is an estimate of the fraction of the total body mass that is adipose tissue (or referred to as Fat Mass), as opposed to lean body mass (muscle, bone, organ tissue, blood, and everything else) or referred to as Fat Free Mass. ... Sabrina (born 19 May 1933) was a 1950s English glamour model who progressed to a minor movie career, her main claim to fame was her large bust. ... Chesty Morgan (born Ilana Wilczkowsky in 1928 in Poland) is best known for her extremely large breasts and her appearances in the exploitation films of director Doris Wishman. ...

References

  1. ^ "Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: Role of waist-to-hip ratio." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65
  2. ^ American Journal of Clinical Nutrition August 12,2006
  3. ^ Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. The Lancet, Nov. 5th 2005
  4. ^ http://www.exrx.net/FatLoss/AttractiveBody.html
  5. ^ http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hbe-lab/acrobatfiles/profilewhr.pdf


 

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