Fard also farida (arabic فرض "obligation, duty") is an Islamic term which denotes a religious duty. The word is also used in Urdu and Hindi (spelled farz) in the same meaning (i.e. ye mera farz hai). Arabic (العربية) is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Islam (Arabic al-islām الإسلام, listen) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Urdu(اردو) is an Indo-European language which originated in India, most likely in the vicinity of Delhi, from whence it spread to the rest of the subcontinent. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken in most states in northern and central India. ...
fard or its synonym wajib is one of the five qualifications (al-ahkam al-khamsa) into which Fiqh, the Islamic religious law, categorizes every human act (obligatory, recommended, indifferent, reprehensible, forbidden). Islamic jurisprudence, Fiqh (in Arabic and Persian: فقه) is made up of the rulings of Islamic scholars to direct the lives of the Muslim faithful. ...
The law distinguishes two sorts of duties: individual (fard ayn) and collective (fard kifaya). The first relates to tasks every Muslim is required to perform like the daily prayer (salat) or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime (hajj). The second is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (ummah). The classic example for the fard kifaya is jihad: the individual is not required to perform it as long as a sufficient number of community members fulfills it. Salah (other terms and spellings exist) (Arabic: صلاه , Old (Quran) Arabic: صلوة ) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. ... The Hajj or Haj is the Pilgrimage to Mecca (or, Makkah) and is the fifth of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so is obliged to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. ... Ummah (أمة) is an Arabic and Islamic word that means community or nation. ... Jihad (ǧihād جهاد) is an Arabic word which comes from the Arabic root word jahada, which means exerting utmost effort or to strive. The word connotes a wide range of meanings, from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith, to holy war. ...
It is not strictly true that a wajib is based on a hadith whose authenticity is doubtful.
As for the individual worshipper, it is wajib for him not to recite aloud in the Zuhr and `Asr prayers, the last rak`ah of the Maghrib prayer, and the last 2 rak`ahs of the `Isha prayer.
However, it is wajib to compensate it by performing sujood-as-sahw at the end of the prayer.
The Malikis are of the opinion that it is wajib for a nursing woman, not for a pregnant one.
The Hanbalis and the Shafi'is say: Fidyah is wajib upon a pregnant and a nursing woman only if they fear danger for the child; but if they fear harm for their own health as well as that of the child, they are bound to perform the qada' only without being required to give fidyah.
Hence it is wajib upon one who has seen the former to fast even if all other people don't (2), and to refrain from fasting on seeing the latter even if everyone else on the earth is fasting, irrespective of whether the observer is 'adil or not, man or woman.
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