Walter Arnold Kaufmann (July 1, 1921 - September 4, 1980) was a 20th-century Jewish German philosopher, scholar, and poet. He produced much original philosophy, most of which was on subjects related to what would now be called authenticity. He also wrote on, among other things, atheism, tragedy, and Shakespeare. His translations of Nietzsche and his anthology of existentialist works, such as Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre, are also celebrated works of his. July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... A philosopher is a person devoted to studying and producing results in philosophy. ... A scholar is either a student or someone who has achieved a mastery of some academic discipline. ... Poets are authors of poems, or of other forms of poetry such as dramatic verse. ... These five broad types of question are called analytical or logical, epistemological, ethical, metaphysical, and aesthetic respectively. ... See also authenticity (philosophy) and authentication (which deals only with computer security). ... Atheism, in its broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of gods. ... gszdgdegsd gdsffdfsd fdsf sdfdsf dfsd fd A tragedy may be defined loosely as any work of fiction in which the protagonist suffers a fall in his or her fortunes, and ends in a worse state than that in which they began. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Friedrich Nietzsche, 1882 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 - August 25, 1900) was a highly influential German philosopher. ... Anthology may also mean a Alien Ant Farm album ANThology, see Anthology (AAF Album) An anthology is a collection of literary works, originally of poems, but in recent years its usage has broadened to be applied to collections of short stories and comic strips. ... Existentialism is a philosophical movement emphasizing individualism, individual freedom, and subjectivity. ...

Kaufmann believed that critical analysis and acquiring knowledge was a liberating and empowering force.

He had a full life, converting from Christianity to Judaism at the age of twelve. The rise of Nazism did not influence, nor deter his conversion. Kaufmann discovered later that all his grandparents were Jewish. He, in a 1959 Harper's Magazine article, personally denounced Judaism, making it clear that he was atheistic, that is, according to him, a "heretic", by summarily rejecting all religious values and practices. Beliefs Though enormous diversity exists in the beliefs of those who self-identify as Christian, it is possible to venture general statements which describe the beliefs of a large majority . ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... The term National Socialism has been used in self-description by a number of different political groups and ideologies, some of which have no connection with the Nazis; see National socialism (disambiguation). ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ...

He emigrated to America in 1939, and attended Williams College, where he majored in Philosophy, and took many religion classes. He then spent 15 months in military service abroad during World War II. Returning to America, Kaufmann earned his PhD in the philosophy of religion from Harvard in April 1947, with a dissertation on "Nietzsche's Theory of Values." Before the end of the month, he was appointed a professor of philosophy at Princeton, where he remained until his death in 1980. In 1960, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Williams College is a private, coeducational, highly-selective liberal arts college located in Williamstown, Massachusetts. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atom bomb. ... Philosophy of religion is the rational study of the meaning and justification of fundamental religious claims, particularly about the nature and existence of God (or gods, or the divine). ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ... Princeton University, located in Princeton, New Jersey, is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. ... 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Naturalization is the process whereby a person becomes a national of a nation, or a citizen of a country, other than the one of his birth. ...

Among his students were several important Nietzsche scholars: Richard Schacht, Alexander Nehamas and Ivan Soll. Alexander Nehamas is a professor of philosophy at Princeton University. ...

Partial bibliography

Original works

• Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist
• From Shakespeare to Existentialism
• Critique of Religion and Philosophy
• Tragedy and Philosophy
• Hegel: A Reinterpretation
• The Faith of a Heretic
• Without Guilt and Justice
• Cain and Other Poems
• The Future of the Humanities
• Religions in Four Dimensions
• Discovering the Mind, a trilogy consisting of
  • Goethe, Kant, and Hegel
  • Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Buber
  • Freud Versus Adler and Jung
• Man's Lot: A Trilogy, consisting of
  • Life at the Limits
  • Time is an Artist
  • What is Man?

Friedrich Nietzsche, 1882 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 - August 25, 1900) was a highly influential German philosopher. ... William Shakespeare—born April 1564; baptised April 26, 1564; died April 23, 1616 (O.S.), May 3, 1616 (N.S.)—has a reputation as the greatest of all writers in English. ... ... Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (April 22, 1724 – February 12, 1804) was a Prussian philosopher, generally regarded as one of Europes most influential thinkers and the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment. ... Martin Heidegger Martin Heidegger (September 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976) was a German philosopher. ... Martin Buber (8 February 1878 - 13 June 1965) was a renowned Jewish philosopher, story-teller, and pedagogue. ... Sigmund Freud His famous couch Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology, a movement that popularized the theory that unconscious motives control much behavior. ... Alfred Adler (February 7, 1870 – May 28, 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor and psychologist, founder of the school of individual psychology. ... Carl Gustav Jung Carl Gustav Jung (July 26, 1875 – June 6, 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of the neopsychoanalytic school of psychology. ...

Translations

• Twenty-Five German Poets (superseded the earlier Twenty German Poets)
• Goethe's Faust (Part One and selections from Part Two)
• Judaism and Christianity, essays by Leo Baeck
• I and Thou, by Martin Buber

As composed or published by Friedrich Nietzsche in chronological order: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Faust or Faustus is the protagonist of a popular German tale that has been used as the basis for many different fictional works. ... Faust Part 1 (original title: Faust - Der Tragödie erster Teil) is Johann Wolfgang von Goethes most famous work. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Leo Baeck (1873-1956) Rabbi Dr. Leo Baeck (May 23, 1873, Leszno, Poland – November 2, 1956, London, England) was an outstanding 20th century German-Jewish scholar and a leader of Progressive Judaism. ... Ich und Du, usually translated as I and Thou, is a book by Martin Buber, considered by many academics to be one of the seminal works of twentieth century philosophy. ... Martin Buber (8 February 1878 - 13 June 1965) was a renowned Jewish philosopher, story-teller, and pedagogue. ...

• The Birth of Tragedy Or: Hellenism And Pessimism
• Human, All-Too-Human: A Book for Free Spirits, followed by the akin volumes:
  • Mixed Opinions and Maxims
  • The Wanderer and His Shadow
• The Dawn
• The Gay Science: With a Prelude in Rhymes and an Appendix of Songs
• Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None
• Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future
• On the Genealogy of Morals
• The Case of Wagner
• Twilight of the Idols
• The Antichrist
• Nietzsche contra Wagner
• Ecce Homo: How One Becomes What One Is
• The Will to Power

The Birth of Tragedy (Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik, 1872) is a 19th Century work of philosophy by Friedrich Nietzsche. ... The Gay Science (German: Die fröhliche Wissenschaft (la gaya scienza)), which has been canonically translated thus by contemporaneous academia as instated by Walter Kaufmann since the 1960s, is a book written by Friedrich Nietzsche, first published in 1882 and followed by a second edition. ... The cover for the first part of the first edition. ... Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future (Jenseits von Gut und Böse) is a major 19th century philosophical work by Friedrich Nietzsche. ... On the Genealogy of Morals (translation of Zur Genealogie der Moral, sometimes translated On the Geneology of Morality), is a polemic written by the 19th century German philosopher and philologist Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche in 1887. ... The Antichrist (Der Antichrist) is a German philosophical book by Friedrich Nietzsche, originally published in 1895. ... Correggios Ecce Homo depicts the humanity of the suffering Jesus Ecce Homo (Latin for Behold the Man) were the words used by Pilate at the trial of Christ. ... Friedrich Nietzsche, 1882 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 - August 25, 1900) was a highly influential German philosopher. ...

Anthologies/edited works

• The Portable Nietzsche
• Basic Writings of Nietzsche, designed to be complementary with above
• Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre
• Religion from Tolstoy to Camus, a companion to the above
• Philosophic Classics, in four volumes
• Hegel's Political Philosophy

Fyodor Dostoevsky. ... Jean Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Sartre (June 21, 1905–April 15, 1980) was a French existentialist philosopher, dramatist, novelist and critic. ... Coat of arms of Count Leo Tolstoy Tolstoy, or Tolstoi (Russian: ) is a prominent family of Russian nobility, descending from one Andrey Kharitonovich Tolstoy (i. ... Albert Camus Albert Camus (November 7, 1913 - January 4, 1960) was a French author and philosopher and one of the principal luminaries (with Jean_Paul Sartre) of existentialism. ... Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. ...

Forewords/contributions

• Foreword to Alienation, by Richard Schacht
• Foreword to Frau Lou, by Rudolph Binion
• Foreword to The Present Age, by Søren Kierkegaard; translated by Alexander Dru
• Foreword to Europe and the Jews by Malcom Hay

Søren Kierkegaard was born to an affluent family in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. ...

References

• A website which has useful links to his work and life.
• The Faith of a Heretic This is the magazine article, originally published in Harper's, which grew into the book of the same name.
• A longish excerpt from a chapter of _The Faith of a Heretic_ called "Suffering and the Bible."
• Walter Kaufmann Manuscripts Princeton University Library's collection of Kaufmann's manuscripts.