The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research is one of Australia's foremost medical research institutes. Located in Parkville, Melbourne, it is closely associated with the University of Melbourne and the Royal Melbourne Hospital. See drugs, medication, and pharmacology for substances that are used to treat patients. ... Research is often described as an active, diligent, and systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering, interpreting and revising facts. ... An institute is a permanent organizational body created for a certain purpose. ... An inner northern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, bordered by North Melbourne to the south-west, Carlton and Carlton North to the south and east, Brunswick to the north, and Flemington to the west. ... Melbourne is the state capital and largest city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-largest city in Australia, with a population of approximately 3. ... The Old Quad Building, formerly Old Law The University of Melbourne, located in Melbourne, Victoria, is the second oldest university in Australia, after the University of Sydney. ... The Royal Melbourne Hospital in Parkville is one of Australia’s leading public hospitals. ...

History

The institute was founded in 1915 using funds from a trust established by the family of Eliza and Walter Russell Hall. It owed its origin to the inspiration of Harry Brookes Allen. It was Australia’s first medical research institute and adopted a crest bearing the Latin inscription Fiat Lux – Let there be light. 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Walter Russell Hall (1831-1911), man of business. ... Sir Harry Brookes Allen (13 June 1854 - 28 March 1926), was a noted Australian pathologist. ...

Dr Sydney Patterson was the first director, between 1920 and 1923, and was followed by Charles Kellaway (1923-1944).

Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet was the institute director between 1944 and 1965, and he brought the institute to international prominence for virological research, especially influenza, and then for immunology. Such was the nature of Sir Macfarlane’s achievement that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1960. Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet (born September 3, 1899 in Traralgon, Victoria; died August 31, 1985) was an Australian biologist. ... Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease that infects birds and mammals (primarily of the upper airways and lungs in mammals) and is caused by an RNA virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family (the influenza viruses). ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...

Sir Gustav Nossal succeeded Frank Macfarlane Burnet as director in 1965, aged 35. Under his stewardship, the Institute grew in size and scope, with its scientists making important discoveries in the control of immune system responses, cell cycle regulation and malaria. Sir Gustav Joseph Victor Nossal Kt, AC, CBE, FRS, FAA (born June 4, 1931 in Vienna, Austria) is a distinguished Australian research biologist. ... Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet (born September 3, 1899 in Traralgon, Victoria; died August 31, 1985) was an Australian biologist. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle (CDC), is the cycle of events in a eukaryotic cell from one cell division to the next. ... Malaria (Medieval Italian: mala aria — bad air) and formerly called ague or marsh fever in English, is an infectious disease which causes about 350–500 million infections in humans and approximately 1. ...

Since 1996, it has been led by Professor Suzanne Cory. 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

Current research

Currently the work of the Institute is centered on cancer, the immune system, autoimmune diseases – such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis – malaria, neural development, genetics and drug discovery. When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. ... The Immune System (also known as the Immunlological System) is made up of all the mechanisms through which a multicellular organism defends itself from internal invaders such as bacteria, virus or parasites. ... Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ... This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ... Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. ... Malaria (Medieval Italian: mala aria — bad air) and formerly called ague or marsh fever in English, is an infectious disease which causes about 350–500 million infections in humans and approximately 1. ... The study of neural development draws on both neuroscience and developmental biology to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which complex nervous systems emerge during embryonic development and throughout life. ... Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ= give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. ... In medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which drugs are discovered and/or designed. ...

Reference

• Max Charlesworth, Lyndsay Farrall, Terry Stokes and David Turnbull (1989). Life among the scientists: An Anthropological Study of an Australian Scientific Community. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195549996.

External links

• Walter and Eliza Hall, Biography
• The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research home page
• Profile of the Institute