Wang Chongyang (11 January 1113 – 22 January 1170) [Chinese calendar: 宋徽宗政和二年十二月廿二 – 金世宗大定十年正月初四] (Traditional Chinese: 王重陽; Simplified Chinese: 王重阳; pinyin: Wáng Chóngyáng) was a Song Dynasty Taoist who was one of the founders of Quanzhen Taoism in the twelfth century. He is one of the Five Northern Patriarchs of that school of Taoism. Jinyong's popular wuxia novels include a character based on Wang Chongyang. January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Pierre Abélard opens his school in Paris End of Kyanzitthas reign in Myanmar Alaungsithus reign begins in Myanmar Suryavarman Is reign begins in the Khmer Empire Bridlington Priory founded Births August 24 - Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (died 1151) Stefan Nemanja, Serbian Grand Zupan Deaths... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events December 29: Assassination of Thomas Beckett, Archbishop of Canterbury, in Canterbury cathedral City of Dublin captured by the Normans According to folklore, the Welsh prince Madoc sailed to North America and founded a colony. ... The Chinese calendar (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: nónglì) is a lunisolar calendar, akin to the Hebrew calendar, incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin, where pin means spell and yin means sound. The most common variant of pinyin in use is called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n), also known as scheme... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... the Quanzhen School is an important school in Chinese Taoism. ... Taoism (sometimes written as and actually pronounced as Daoism (dow-ism)) is the English name for: Dao Jia [philosophical tao] philosophical school based on the texts the Tao Te Ching (ascribed to Laozi [Lao Tzu] and alternately spelled Dào Dé JÄ«ng) and the Zhuangzi; a family of organized... Louis Cha or Zha Liangyong (sometimes Cha Leung Yung), OBE (born June 6, 1924), known to most by his penname Jinyong (Jin Yong) or Kam-yung (Cantonese), is one of the most influential modern Chinese-language novelists who is also the co-founder of the Hong Kong daily Ming Pao. ... Poster from the American release of Zhang Yimous 2002 film Hero (英雄) WÇ”xiá (also Wu Xia) (Traditional Chinese: 武俠; Simplified Chinese: 武侠; Mandarin IPA: ; Cantonese: mów hàb), literally meaning martial arts chivalry or martial arts heroes, from Chinese, is a distinct genre in Chinese literature, television and cinema. ...

Name

• Family name: Wang (王)
• Given name: originally Zhongfu (中孚), later changed to Dewei (德威), changed to Zhe (喆) when became a Taoist
• zì: originally Yunqing (允卿), later changed to Shixiong (世雄), changed to Zhiming (知明) when became a Taoist
• hào: Chongyangzi (重陽子) when became a Taoist

A family name, surname, or last name is the part of a persons name that indicates to what family he or she belongs. ... A given name is a name which specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name. ... A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name, is an extra name that could be used in place of the given name. ... A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name, is an extra name that could be used in place of the given name. ...

Life

Born Wang Zhongfu in 1113, Wang Chongyang grew up in a wealthy family and received a classical education as well as training in the martial arts.

According to tradition, in the summer of 1159 when he was 48 years old, he met two Taoist immortals in a pub, Zhongli Quan and Lü Dongbin, who provided him with training in secret Taoist rituals. He changed his name to Zhe and adopted the Taoist name Chongyang. For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... Zhongli Quan (鐘離權 or 鐘离權 in pinyin: Zhōnglí Quán), or Chung-li Chüan in Wade-Giles, is one of the most ancient of the Eight Immortals (the oldest is Iron-crutch Li) and the leader of the group. ... LÇš DòngbÄ«n (呂洞賓) (sometimes seen spelled Lu Tong-Pin) is a Chinese deity revered by Daoists. ...

In 1160 he met one of the immortals again who provided him with five written instructions, the "Ganshui xianyuan lu." According to tradition those written instructions included the names of two men who would later become his disciples, Ma Yu and Tan Chuduan. In a state of delirium, Wang Chongyang then dug himself a grave near Mount Zhongnan that he called the "Tomb of the Living Dead," and lived in it for three years.

At the end of the three years, Wang Chongyang filled in the grave and built a hut on top of it, called "Complete Perfection Hut." He lived in the hut for another four years, continuing his Taoist studies and teaching others. During that time, he met Tan Chuduan who became Wang's disciple after Wang cured Tan's illness. Qiu Chuji and Tan traveled around the local towns and villages with Wang as he founded five Taoist congregations. Later, Wang Chongyang's teachings were referred to the "Teachings of the Complete Perfection" (after the hut) and his branch of Taoism became known as the Quanzhen ("Complete Perfection") school. It has been suggested that Chang Chun be merged into this article or section. ... the Quanzhen School is an important school in Chinese Taoism. ...

In 1167, Wang Chongyang burned down the hut, dancing and chanting. He then traveled east to Shandong where he met Ma Yu and Ma's wife Sun Bu'er who also became his disciples. He ultimately collected seven disciples who were later known as either The Seven Masters of Quanzhen or The Seven Elders of Quanzhen. They are also sometimes called the Seven Immortals or Seven Perfected Beings.   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ... Sun Buer (Sun Pu-erh), one of the Taoist Seven Masters of Quanzhen lived circa 1119 – 1182 C.E. in the Shandong province of China. ...

Writings

Wang Chongyang was the author of many poems of Taoist instruction. According to legend, Liu Chuxuan became a follower of Wang Chongyang after seeing one of Wang's poems on a wall.

Wang Chongyang's writings include:

• "An Anthology of Complete Perfection by Chongyang" (Chongyang quanzhen ji)
• "Chongyang's Anthology on Teaching Transformation" (Chongyang jiaohua ji)
• "Chongyang's Anthology of the Ten Transformations by Dividing Pears" (Chongyang fenli shihua ji) (The phrase "to divide a pear" is a pun for "to separate," these were writings intended to convince Ma Yu and Sun Bu'er to separate in order to better cultivate the Dao.)

Disciples

Particularly notable among Wang Chongyang's seven disciples were Sun Bu'er, and Qiu Chuji. Sun Bu'er is now one of the most important female Taoist role-models. Her husband, Ma Yu, was another of the seven disciples. He eventually succeeded Wang Chongyang as the leader of the Quanzhen sect. Sun Buer (Sun Pu-erh), one of the Taoist Seven Masters of Quanzhen lived circa 1119 – 1182 C.E. in the Shandong province of China. ... It has been suggested that Chang Chun be merged into this article or section. ... Sun Buer (Sun Pu-erh), one of the Taoist Seven Masters of Quanzhen lived circa 1119 – 1182 C.E. in the Shandong province of China. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ...

Qiu Chuji gained the favor of Genghis Khan and founded the famous White Cloud Monastery in Beijing. Genghis Khan granted tax-exempt status to all Quanzhen monasteries and put Qiu Chuji in charge of all religions in China. The strong start this provided helped the Quanzhen school of Taoism to flourish, and it is still strong today. It has been suggested that Chang Chun be merged into this article or section. ...   or Temüjin by birthname, (c. ... The White Cloud Temple of Beijing, China is located outside Xibianmen in Beijing. ... Beijing [English Pronunciation] (Chinese: 北京 [Chinese Pronunciation]; Pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ), a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...   or Temüjin by birthname, (c. ... It has been suggested that Chang Chun be merged into this article or section. ...

Each of the seven disciples founded his or her own lineage of Quanzhen Taoism. They are as follows:

1. Ma Yu (馬鈺) founded the Yuxian lineage (Meeting the Immortals)
2. Tan Chuduan (譚處端) founded the Nanwu lineage (Southern Void)
3. Liu Chuxuan (劉處玄) founded the Suishan lineage (Mount Sui)
4. Qiu Chuji (丘處機) founded the Longmen lineage (Dragon Gate)
5. Wang Chuyi (王處一) founded the Yushan lineage (Mount Yu)
6. Hao Datong (郝大通) founded the Huashan lineage (Mount Hua)
7. Sun Bu'er (孙不二) founded the Qingjing lineage (Clarity and Stillness)

Wang Chongyang in his elder years
Source: LOCH 94' (dramatic re-creation)

It has been suggested that Chang Chun be merged into this article or section. ... Mount Hua, known in Chinese as Huashan, is one of the five Sacred Mountains of China. Mount Hua is located in Shaanxi Province. ... Sun Buer (Sun Pu-erh), one of the Taoist Seven Masters of Quanzhen lived circa 1119 – 1182 C.E. in the Shandong province of China. ... Wang Chongyang in his elder years. ... Wang Chongyang in his elder years. ...

Popular culture

Wang Chongyang is a fictional character in Jinyong's Condor Trilogy. He is also known as Central Divinity (中神通) in the novels. A fictional character is any person who appears in a work of fiction. ... Louis Cha or Zha Liangyong (sometimes Cha Leung Yung), OBE (born June 6, 1924), known to most by his penname Jinyong (Jin Yong) or Kam-yung (Cantonese), is one of the most influential modern Chinese-language novelists who is also the co-founder of the Hong Kong daily Ming Pao. ... The Condor Trilogy is a trilogy of three wuxia fiction novels by Jinyong. ...

Wang Chongyang is mentioned throughout the novels The Legend of the Condor Heroes and The Return of the Condor Heroes. Xie Xun mentions Wang Chongyang in chapter 7 of The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber, and also in chapter 16 in the third revision of the novel. The Legend of Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shè diāo yÄ«ng xióng zhuàn) is one of the most acclaimed wuxia novel by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Daily. ... The Return of the Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shén diāo xiá lÇš) is a classic wuxia novel written by Jinyong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue of Ming Pao and ran for about three years. ... The Heavenly Sword and the Dragon Saber[citation needed] (Traditional Chinese: 倚天屠龍記; Simplified Chinese: 倚天屠龙记; pinyin: yǐ tiān tú lóng jì) is a Chinese wuxia novel by Jinyong, first serialized in Ming Pao. ...

Martial arts

Quanzhen martial arts, Yi Yang Finger and attained proficiency in the art of Nine Negation. Jiu Yin Zhen Jing (Traditional Chinese: 九陰真經; Simplified Chinese: 九阴真经; pinyin: jiǔ yīn zhēn jīng), lit. ...

History

Wang Chongyang in the world of Jinyong was an extraordinary man. He first appeared in Jinyong's novel, The Legend of the Condor Heroes as a patriotic Taoist loyal to Song Dynasty. His story was later told by one of his prominent disciples, Qiu Chuji in the sequel to the novel entitled The Return of the Condor Heroes. Louis Cha or Zha Liangyong (sometimes Cha Leung Yung), OBE (born June 6, 1924), known to most by his penname Jinyong (Jin Yong) or Kam-yung (Cantonese), is one of the most influential modern Chinese-language novelists who is also the co-founder of the Hong Kong daily Ming Pao. ... The Legend of Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shè diāo yīng xióng zhuàn) is one of the most acclaimed wuxia novel by Jinyong, first published in 1957 in Hong Kong Commercial Daily. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... It has been suggested that Chang Chun be merged into this article or section. ... The Return of the Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shén diāo xiá lǚ) is a classic wuxia novel written by Jinyong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue of Ming Pao and ran for about three years. ...

The Battle for Song Dynasty

In his younger years, he assembled an army of righteous, heroic men against the Jurchens with the objective to recover the lost territories of the Song Dynasty and rescue the Han Chinese who lived under dire circumstances under the Jin rule. However, he could not overcome the strong and powerful Jurchen army and was defeated many times and in the end he gave up this dream of his. The Jurchens (Traditional Chinese: 女眞; Simplified Chinese: 女真; pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungus people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the 17th century, when they became the Manchus. ... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; Pinyin: hànzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... The Jin Dynasty (金 pinyin: Jīn 1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. ...

The retreat

Wang Chongyang later retreated to an ancient tomb in Mount Zhongnan where he resided for many years contemplating on his mistakes and meditating. He refused to share the same sky with the Jurchens and made a vow never to step out of the tomb. Eventually, many friends came to urge Wang Chongyang to come out of the tomb because they considered him a hero and the Jins (Jurchens) were still marching in Song. The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...

The emperor of the Jurchen Empire still saw Wang Chongyang as a threat even when his army was gone. So, he sent more than ten martial arts experts to find the ancient tomb and kill Wang Chongyang. However, all of those martial arts experts were inferior to Wang Chongyang and therefore all defeated and or killed by him. The Jin Dynasty (金 pinyin: Jīn 1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. ...

After the death of that emperor the new emperor did not know of Wang Chongyang and did not see him as a threat. And so, it seemed that for a while, Wang was forgotten by the world of Jiang Hu. The jiang hu or gong woo world is the fictional environment in which many wu xia stories are set. ...

Breaking the vow

It was Lin Chaoying who forced him out of the tomb in the end. Wang Chongyang had met Lin Chaoying earlier in his life and they were very close to each other. She was the only person with whom he felt a certain affinity because of her high skills in kung fu that could rival his own. During the war with the Jurchens, they exchanged correspondence. Lin Chaoying (tr. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ... The Jurchens (Traditional Chinese: 女眞; Simplified Chinese: 女真; pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungus people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the 17th century, when they became the Manchus. ...

Lin Chaoying stood outside Wang's tomb and cursed him for days until finally he stepped out of the tomb to confront her. But when he stood outside, Lin Chaoying laughed and said that he does not have to go back into the tomb anymore because he has already broken his vow by stepping out of the tomb. Lin Chaoying (tr. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ...

From then on, Lin Chaoying and Wang Chongyang roamed Jiang Hu, the realm of martial arts together. They would often train martial arts together and developed their skills to a higher level. Each fell in love with the other but their pride would not let them share their feelings. Lin Chaoying (tr. ...

Lin Chaoying would often indirectly show hints of her love towards Wang Chongyang, but he pretended not to see those hints. It was not because he did not love her, but he could not bring himself to openly accept her as such and start a relationship with her. Because of this Lin Chaoying thought Wang Chongyang looked down on her and was angered. They would often quarrel and fight each other. Because Wang Chongyang was not eager to fight Lin Chaoying, she could sometimes gain the upper hand but often they would reach a draw. Lin Chaoying (tr. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ...

The duel

The falling off between Lin Chaoying and Wang Chongyang was depicted by a stone slab with inscriptions in the novel, The Return of the Condor Heroes. According to Qiu Chuji who was retelling the story to Guo Jing and Yang Guo, Lin Chaoying found a way to end the endless debate between her and Wang Chongyang. Lin Chaoying (tr. ... The Return of the Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shén diāo xiá lǚ) is a classic wuxia novel written by Jinyong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue of Ming Pao and ran for about three years. ... It has been suggested that Chang Chun be merged into this article or section. ... Guo Jing (Chinese: , died January 31, 1273) is the fictional main character in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, a novel written by Chinese author Jinyong. ... The fictional character Yang Guo (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Yáng Guò) is the protagonist in the 1959 Chinese wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes by Jinyong. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ...

Lin Chaoying proposed a duel: if Wang Chongyang defeated her, she would commit suicide. But if she won, Wang would either surrender his ancient tomb to her or become a Taoist priest or a Buddhist monk and live in the vicinity of the ancient tomb on Mount Zhongnan for at least 10 years. The underlying meaning of giving up the tomb to her meant marrying her and living in the tomb together. Or if he did not want to, he had to become a Taoist priest or a Buddhist monk and thus preventing him from marrying another woman. Lin Chaoying (tr. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by...

Wang Chongyang consented to this and asked how they would duel. Lin Chaoying said that whoever could write on a stone slab with their finger would win. Wang Chongyang knew his martial arts could not do that. He admitted defeat. Lin Chaoying then walked over to the stone slab and gently stroked the slab a few times. Then, she used her fingers to carve a poem and after she was done she smiled wryly, saying that Wang Chongyang was destined to become a Taoist priest. Lin Chaoying knew that her level in martial arts was inferior to Wang Chongyang and proposed this duel; by stroking the stone slab, she smeared a chemical substance on the slab to make it pliable and thus possible to write on. The very next day, Wang Chongyang became a Taoist priest and resided at Mount Zhongnan. Lin Chaoying (tr. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ...

The founding of Quan Zhen sect

Wang Chongyang only found out how Lin Chaoying won many years later, when Huang Yaoshi visited him and he asked Huang if he knew how it was possible that Lin Chaoying could write on stone. Huang Yaoshi saw the slab and laughed and said he did not master this technique yet of writing on stone and said he would return one month later. After a month, Huang Yaoshi came back and together with Wang Chongyang they went back to the slab. Huang Yaoshi also stroked the slab a few times and proceeded to write another poem on the slab. Wang Chongyang was extremely surprised and when he touched the slab and found out that it was soft, he realised how Lin Chaoying won. Lin Chaoying (tr. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ...

In the beginning Wang Chongyang was very reluctant to become a Taoist priest, but after studying Taoist codices for some time he understood Taoism and became an enlightened priest. Thus, Quanzhen School was founded. For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... Taoism (sometimes written as and actually pronounced as Daoism (dow-ism)) is the English name for: Dao Jia [philosophical tao] philosophical school based on the texts the Tao Te Ching (ascribed to Laozi [Lao Tzu] and alternately spelled Dào Dé Jīng) and the Zhuangzi; a family of organized... the Quanzhen School is an important school in Chinese Taoism. ...

His sworn-brother Zhou Botong became his younger martial arts brother and learnt martial arts from Wang Chongyang. He accepted seven disciples, teaching them Taoist philosophies and martial arts. They were the famous Seven Masters of Quanzhen; Ma Yu, Tan Chuduan, Liu Chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, Hao Datong and Sun Bu'er. Zhou Botong is one of the most humorous characters in Return of the Condor Heroes. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Chang Chun be merged into this article or section. ... Sun Buer (Sun Pu-erh), one of the Taoist Seven Masters of Quanzhen lived circa 1119 – 1182 C.E. in the Shandong province of China. ...

The tomb once more

After many years, Lin Chaoying died. Wang Chongyang quietly entered the ancient tomb again to pay his final respects to the woman he loved. However, when he saw the martial arts Lin Chaoying carved on the walls of the tomb he was shocked. The marvellous Jade Maiden martial arts she had created countered every stance of his Quanzhen martial arts. In the Return of the Condor Heroes, the Jade Maiden manual of Lin Chaoying would be the ultimate kung fu text fought over by her grand-disciples, Xiaolongnü and Li Mochou. Lin Chaoying (tr. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ... The Return of the Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shén diāo xiá lÇš) is a classic wuxia novel written by Jinyong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue of Ming Pao and ran for about three years. ... Lin Chaoying (tr. ... Xiaolongnü portrayed by Liu Yifei in the 2006 CCTVs adaptation of The Return of the Condor Heroes. Xiaolongnü (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally little dragon girl) is a fictional character from the Chinese wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes (Shen Diao Xia Lü), 1959, by writer... Li Mochou (Traditional Chinese: 李莫愁; Simplified Chinese: 李莫愁; pinyin: Lǐ Mòchóu) is a fictional character from the Chinese wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes (Shen Diao Xia Lü) by Jinyong. ...

Wang Chongyang went into retreat for three years, hoping to create a new set of martial arts to overcome the Jade Maiden Scriptures by Lin Chaoying. He was able to come up with some new styles but not the desired results he wanted. He gave up this objective to create a new set of martial arts and respected Lin Chaoying’s talent in martial arts. Lin Chaoying (tr. ...

The school of Quanzhen

Meanwhile, the Quanzhen school became the most prominent martial arts school in the entire realm of martial arts and was known as the Taoist orthodox martial arts school. The main principles of Quanzhen school was to help others and resist the Jurchens aggressors in the north. Thus, Wang Chongyang and the Quanzhen school not only won the respect of martial artists but also of the common people. the Quanzhen School is an important school in Chinese Taoism. ... the Quanzhen School is an important school in Chinese Taoism. ... The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus. ...

The scriptures of Jiu Yin Zhen Jing

Several years later, the Genuine Scriptures of Nine Negation (9 Yin Manual of Jiu Yin) (Jiu Yin Zhen Jing) appeared in the realm of martial arts. Many martial artists had died over this scripture; everyone wanted to claim this manual whatever the cost. The situation became more and more chaotic nearly a hundred martial artists died over the manual. Jiu Yin Zhen Jing (Traditional Chinese: 九陰真經; Simplified Chinese: 九阴真经; pinyin: jiǔ yīn zhēn jīng), lit. ... Jiu Yin Zhen Jing (Traditional Chinese: 九陰真經; Simplified Chinese: 九阴真经; pinyin: jiǔ yīn zhēn jīng), lit. ...

To check the growing chaos, Wang Chongyang invited the most prominent and powerful martial arts masters of the time to settle the dispute about the manual once and for all. He invited East Heretic Huang Yaoshi, West Venom Ouyang Feng, South Emperor Duan Zhixing and North Beggar Hong Qigong. Iron Palm Sect leader Qiu Qianren was also invited but unable to attend. The participants agreed to duel at Mount Hua and whoever was the victor could claim the title of the number one martial artist and also claim the Genuine Scriptures of Nine Negation. The duel would consist of a theoretical and a practical part, lasting for seven days and seven nights. In the end, Wang Chongyang was victorious. The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Duan Zhixing(Traditional Chinese: 段智興, temple name Xuanzong, posthumous name Gongji) was the King of Dali between 1172 and 1200. ... Hong Qigong (洪七公) is a fictional character in Jinyongs wuxia novels, appearing in both The Legend of the Condor Heroes and its sequel The Return of the Condor Heroes. ...

Wang Chongyang entered the duel not to claim the manual or for the title of number one martial arts master, but to prevent turmoil in the realm of martial arts thrown, and to stop lives from being wasted on the scripture. He did not want to study the martial arts in the manual and prohibited all Quanzhen disciples from learning it.

But out of curiosity he flipped through the manual and read it. After about ten days he absorbed the contents of the scripture and became proficient in the Art of Nine Negation. He laughed heartily and knew know how to counter the Scriptures of Jade Maiden by Lin Chaoying. He went back into the tomb and carved a few techniques of the Nine Negation on the walls of the ancient tomb. Later, in The Return of the Condor Heroes, Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü would find these texts and learn it. Lin Chaoying (tr. ... The Return of the Condor Heroes (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: shén diāo xiá lÇš) is a classic wuxia novel written by Jinyong, first published on May 20, 1959 in the first issue of Ming Pao and ran for about three years. ... The fictional character Yang Guo (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Yáng Guò) is the protagonist in the 1959 Chinese wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes by Jinyong. ... Xiaolongnü portrayed by Liu Yifei in the 2006 CCTVs adaptation of The Return of the Condor Heroes. Xiaolongnü (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally little dragon girl) is a fictional character from the Chinese wuxia novel The Return of the Condor Heroes (Shen Diao Xia Lü), 1959, by writer...

The Pre-Heaven skill and the Yi Yang Finger

One year after the tournament, Wang Chongyang and Zhou Botong travelled to the Dali Kingdom to meet Duan Zhixing. Wang Chongyang admired the Yi Yang Finger of the Duan Family and wished to learn the skill. In exchange he would teach Duan Zhixing the Pre-heaven skill. Being decades older than the other champions at Mt. Hua, Wang Chongyang knew he would die and wanted someone to be able to counter the West Venom. If he could pass his Pre-heaven skill to Duan Zhixing, at least one person could be relied upon to contain Ouyang Feng. He and Zhou Botong stayed in Dali for about half a month. Zhou Botong is one of the most humorous characters in Return of the Condor Heroes. ... Dali (大理 pinyin: Dàlǐ) was a Bai kingdom centered in what is now Yunnan Province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Duan Zhixing(Traditional Chinese: 段智興, temple name Xuanzong, posthumous name Gongji) was the King of Dali between 1172 and 1200. ... Zhou Botong is one of the most humorous characters in Return of the Condor Heroes. ... Dali (大理 pinyin: Dàlǐ) was a Bai kingdom centered in what is now Yunnan Province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Prior to his death, he wished to burn the Scriptures of Nine Negation but he could not do it. He reasoned that the manual was not his to burn and hoped that in the future someone would make good use of the scriptures. But he issued a final order that no disciple of the Quanzhen School could learn the martial arts of the manual. With that, Wang died. the Quanzhen School is an important school in Chinese Taoism. ...

The west poison's assault

Zhou Botong and the Seven Masters of Quanzhen mourned the passing of their Master, but later that night several martial arts experts came to the Chongyang Palace Shrine with the intent of stealing the scripture. The Seven Masters quickly went outside to engage the enemies and prevent them from entering the shrine and possibly harming the body of Wang Chongyang. Only Zhou Botong remained in the main hall to wake, wary of the greatest threat: West Poison Ouyang Feng. When West Poison did appear, Zhou Botong did his best to stop him, but was no match and was defeated. Zhou Botong is one of the most humorous characters in Return of the Condor Heroes. ... the Quanzhen School is an important school in Chinese Taoism. ... Zhou Botong is one of the most humorous characters in Return of the Condor Heroes. ... Zhou Botong is one of the most humorous characters in Return of the Condor Heroes. ...

Ouyang Feng was about to snatch the scripture next to the coffin of Wang Chongyang when suddenly the lid of the coffin was smashed and Wang Chongyang sprang from the coffin. Striking with surprise, he used his Yi Yang Finger to hit Ouyang Feng between the eyebrows. Ouyang Feng was heavily injured and quickly fled. It would take him at least five years time to recover his broken martial arts.

Some days earlier, Wang Chongyang sensed that Ouyang Feng was lurking in the vicinity, so he feigned his own death to lure him into the open. Wang Chongyang sat down cross-legged to rest; Zhou Botong did not disturb him because he knew that using Yi Yang Finger and the Pre-heaven Skill consumed a lot of energy. He quickly helped the Seven Masters to drive off the other enemies. All of them were very happy that Wang Chongyang was alive but when they came back to the main hall they saw that this time Wang Chongyang had truly died. Zhou Botong is one of the most humorous characters in Return of the Condor Heroes. ...

Although Jinyong did not mention the exact age when Wang Chongyang died, but it is presumed that he died when he was 80 odd years old. Louis Cha or Zha Liangyong (sometimes Cha Leung Yung), OBE (born June 6, 1924), known to most by his penname Jinyong (Jin Yong) or Kam-yung (Cantonese), is one of the most influential modern Chinese-language novelists who is also the co-founder of the Hong Kong daily Ming Pao. ...

Third edition of Heavenly Sword and Dragon Sabre

In the recently revised edition of HSDS, Wang Chongyang is mentioned again in chapter sixteen. It seems that after Wang Chongyang won the first Huashan tournament he met a Buddhist monk at Songshan. He had a drinking contest with this monk and lost. The bet was if Wang lost, the monk would be allowed to read the Scriptures of Nine Negations.

References

• Daoism Handbook, Livia Kohn, editor. (Handbook of Oriental Studies Section Four, Volume 14.) Brill Academic Publishers, 2000.
• The Taoist Manual: An Illustrated Guide Applying Taoism to Daily Life, Brock Silvers. Sacred Mountain Press 2005.

External links

• 王喆生平事迹考述 (Chinese)