War of Jenkins' Ear
Date 1739–1748 Location the Caribbean, Florida and Georgia. Result Stalemate
Combatants
British Empire	Spain
Commanders
Edward Vernon James E. Oglethorpe George Anson Charles Knowles	Blas de Lezo Manuel de Montiano Andrés Reggio

The War of Jenkins' Ear was a conflict between Great Britain and Spain that lasted from 1739 to 1748. After 1742 it merged into the larger War of the Austrian Succession. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x659, 82 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): War of Jenkins Ear ... // About the number 1739 1739 is the smallest integer that can be written as sum of three perfect cubes, in two ways. ... Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... James Edward Oglethorpe (22 December 1696 - 30 June 1785) was an English general and philanthropist, a founder of the state of Georgia. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta, aliases: Patapalo (Pegleg), and later as Mediohombre (Half-man) for the many wounds suffered in his long military life (Pasajes, Guipuzcoa, 1687 - Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on September 7, 1741, Spanish admiral), was one of the greatest strategists and commanders in the history of the... Combatants Great Britain Spain Commanders General James Oglethorpe Commodore Pearce Governor Manuel de Montiano Strength 1,400-2,000 troops:[1] 400 Regulars 600 Colonial Militia 100 Highlanders 130 Indians[2] 5 frigates 3 sloops some small sail, tenders 900 sailors[3] 750 troops: 50 fortress cannon some small sail... Combatants Britain Spain Commanders Admiral Edward Vernon Lawrence Washington Viceroy Sebastián de Eslava Admiral Blas de Lezo † Strength 19,600 regulars 4,000 militia 186 ships 3. ... The Battle of Bloody Marsh was a battle in the War of Jenkins Ear in 1742. ... Combatants Prussia France Spain Bavaria Naples and Sicily Sweden (1741 — 1743) Austria Great Britain Hanover Dutch Republic Saxony Kingdom of Sardinia Russia Commanders Frederick II Leopold I Leopold II Maurice de Saxe François-Marie de Broglie Charles VII Charles Emil Lewenhaupt Ludwig Khevenhüller Charles Alexander George II Charles...

Under the 1729 Treaty of Seville, the British had agreed not to trade with the Spanish colonies. To verify the treaty, the Spanish were permitted to board British vessels in Spanish waters. After one such incident in 1731, Robert Jenkins, captain of the ship Rebecca, claimed that the Spanish coast guard had severed his ear. The British government, which was determined to continue its drive toward commercial and military domination of the Atlantic basin, used this incident as an excuse to wage war against Spain in the Caribbean. In 1738 Jenkins exhibited his pickled ear to the House of Commons, whipping up war fever against Spain. To much cheering, the British Prime Minister, Robert Walpole, reluctantly declared war on October 23, 1739. The Treaty of Seville was between England, France and Spain, and signed in 1729. ... Robert Jenkins (fl. ... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one_fifth of its surface. ... Diagrammatic cross-section of an ocean basin, showing the various geographic features. ... Events February 4 - Court Jew Joseph Suss Oppenheimer is executed in Württenberg April 15 - Premiere in London of Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel. ... Pickling is the process of preparing a food by soaking and storing it in a brine (salt) or vinegar solution, a process which can preserve otherwise perishable foods for months. ... For other uses, see Ear (disambiguation). ... The House of Commons is a component of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also includes the Sovereign and the House of Lords. ... The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is, in practice, the political leader of the United Kingdom. ... Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, (commonly known as Robert Walpole, or Sir Robert Walpole) KG, KB, PC (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745) was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. ... is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // About the number 1739 1739 is the smallest integer that can be written as sum of three perfect cubes, in two ways. ...

One of the first actions was the British capture, on November 22, 1739, of a minor silver-exporting town on the coast of Panama (then New Granada), called Puerto Bello in an attempt to damage Spain's finances. The poorly defended port was attacked by six ships of the line under Admiral Edward Vernon. The battle led the Spanish to change their trading practices. Rather than trading at centralised ports with large treasure fleets, they began using small numbers of ships trading at a wide variety of ports. They also began to travel around Cape Horn to trade on the west coast.^{[citation needed]} Puerto Bello's economy was severely damaged, and did not recover until the building of the Panama Canal. In Britain the victory was greeted with much celebration, and in 1740, at a dinner in honour of Vernon in London, the song "God Save the King", now the British national anthem, was performed in public for the first time. Portobello Road in London is named after this victory and the battle was the most medalled event of the eighteenth century. The conquest of Spain's American empire was considered a foregone conclusion. is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // About the number 1739 1739 is the smallest integer that can be written as sum of three perfect cubes, in two ways. ... The Viceroyalty of New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. ... Portobelo (formerly Puerto Bello) is a port in Panama. ... For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Cape Horn from the South. ... Two Panamax running the Miraflores Locks The Panama Canal (Spanish: ) is a major ship canal that traverses the Isthmus of Panama in Central America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... This article is on the British patriotic anthem. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogising the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognised either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Portobello Road Portobello Road is a road in the Notting Hill district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in west London. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

The success of the Porto Bello operation led the British in 1740 to send a squadron under Commodore George Anson to attack Spain's possessions in the Pacific specially in the Philippines which were largely unsuccessful. George Anson, 1st Baron Anson (April 23, 1697 - 1762) was a British admiral and a wealthy aristocrat, noted for his circumnavigation of the globe. ... // Path of the Centurion under the command of George Anson While Great Britain was at war with Spain in 1740, Commodore George Anson led a squadron of eight ships on a mission to disrupt or capture Spains Pacific possessions. ...

Battle of Cartagena

Main article: Battle of Cartagena de Indias

San Felipe de Barajas Fortress (Cartagena). In 1741 the Spanish defeated a massive British fleet from this fortress in present-day Colombia, prolonging Spain's access via the Atlantic sea lanes until the early nineteenth century.

The major action in the War of Jenkins' Ear was a major amphibious attack launched by the British under Admiral Edward Vernon in March, 1741 against Cartagena de Indias, one of Spain's major gold-trading ports in the Caribbean (today Colombia). Vernon's expedition was hampered by inefficient organization, his rivalry with the commander of his land forces, and the logistical problems of mounting and maintaining a major trans-Atlantic expedition. The strong fortifications in Cartagena and the able strategy of Spanish Commander Blas de Lezo were decisive in repelling the attack, with heavy losses on the British side. In addition to the unfamiliar tropical climate, Vernon's men succumbed in large numbers to virulent tropical disease, primarily yellow fever. Combatants Britain Spain Commanders Admiral Edward Vernon Lawrence Washington Viceroy Sebastián de Eslava Admiral Blas de Lezo † Strength 19,600 regulars 4,000 militia 186 ships 3. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 692 KB) Denis Jacquerye, 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Cartagena, Colombia ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 692 KB) Denis Jacquerye, 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Cartagena, Colombia ... Nickname: The Heroic City The Walled City The Diplomatic City The Key of the West Indies The Walled Kingdom Best Fortified City of the Americas Historical Heritage of Mankind The Stone Coral Region Caribbean Region (Colombia) Department Bolívar Department* Foundation 1533 Mayor Nicolás Francisco Curi Vergara Area    - City... A sea lane is regularly used route for ocean-going vessels. ... For other places of the same name, see Cartagena Bocagrande Cartagena San Pedro Square,Old City Cartagena Cartagena, Colombia, also known as Cartagena de Indias, is a large seaport on the north coast of Colombia. ... “West Indian” redirects here. ... Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta, aliases: Patapalo (Pegleg), and later as Mediohombre (Half-man) for the many wounds suffered in his long military life (Pasajes, Guipuzcoa, 1687 - Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on September 7, 1741, Spanish admiral), was one of the greatest strategists and commanders in the history of the...

Several other British attacks took place in the Caribbean with little consequence on the geopolitical situation in the Atlantic. The weakened British forces launched similar attacks against St. Augustine in Florida; Havana, Cuba and Panama; all were repelled. A 1742 Spanish counter-attack upon the British colony of Georgia at the Battle of Bloody Marsh was also repulsed by the British. Nickname: Location in St. ... This article is about the capital of Cuba. ... The Battle of Bloody Marsh was a battle in the War of Jenkins Ear in 1742. ...

The war was also characterised by relatively indecisive naval operations and enormous privateering by both sides. The war eventually died down due to lack of troops as resources were diverted by war in Europe — many had succumbed to disease — without any gain of territory on either side. This article is about the concept in naval history. ...

Consequences

Although the war ended in military stalemate, Spain's victory in Cartagena de Indias was crucial in prolonging its domination of the Atlantic until the 19th century, and in preserving its large American empire. The diplomatic resolution formed part of the wider settlement of the War of the Austrian Succession by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. For other places of the same name, see Cartagena Bocagrande Cartagena San Pedro Square,Old City Cartagena Cartagena, Colombia, also known as Cartagena de Indias, is a large seaport on the north coast of Colombia. ... An anachronous map of the Spanish Empire (1492-1898). ... Combatants Prussia France Spain Bavaria Naples and Sicily Sweden (1741 — 1743) Austria Great Britain Hanover Dutch Republic Saxony Kingdom of Sardinia Russia Commanders Frederick II Leopold I Leopold II Maurice de Saxe François-Marie de Broglie Charles VII Charles Emil Lewenhaupt Ludwig Khevenhüller Charles Alexander George II Charles... The second Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) of 1748 ended the War of the Austrian Succession. ...

The eighteenth century Anglo-Spanish colonial rivalry continued, however. Several other issues at stake remained unresolved until at the end of the Seven Years' War Spain decided to declare war on Britain on behalf of an embattled France, leading to the shortlived British occupation of Havana (Cuba) and Manila (Philippines). In the peace, Florida was handed to the British for the return of these cities. Later, Spain availed itself of the American revolutionary war to seize Florida, the Bahamas and (with French assistance) Minorca from Britain as well as staging an unsuccessful Franco-Spanish siege of Gibraltar (1779-1783). The Bahamas were returned to Britain in exchange of the remainder of Florida. Britain's attempts to avail itself of Spain's chaos during the French revolutionary and Napoleonic wars by trying to seize San Juan (Puerto Rico) (1797), Tenerife (1797) and Buenos Aires (1806 and 1807) ended in defeat. Combatants Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Great Britain and its American Colonies Electorate of Hanover Iroquois Confederacy Kingdom of Portugal Electorate of Brunswick Electorate of Hesse-Kassel Philippines Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of France Empire of Russia Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Naples and... This article is about military actions only. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants Britain Spain Commanders Horatio Nelson Antonio Gutiérrez Strength 4,000 regulars and sailors 400 guns 1,700 regulars, militia, and sailors 91 guns Casualties 250 dead 128 wounded 30 dead 40 wounded The Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife was a British attack on the Spanish port city... The British invasions of the Río de la Plata (Spanish: Invasiones Inglesas al Río de la Plata) were a series of unsuccessful British attempts at military control of the Spanish colonies located around the Río de la Plata basin in South America, between 1806 and 1807, as...

References

• Tobías Smollet (Tobias Smollett), Authentic papers related to the expedition against Carthagena, by Jorge Orlando Melo in Reportaje de la historia de Colombia, Bogotá: Planeta, 1989.
• The American People - sixth edition by Gary B. Nash and Julie Roy Jeffrey
• Victoria, Pablo (2005) El día que España derrotó a Inglaterra : de cómo Blas de Lezo, tuerto, manco y cojo, venció en Cartagena de Indias a la otra "Armada Invencible" Áltera, Barcelona, Spain, ISBN 84-89779-68-6
• Quintero Saravia, Gonzalo M. (2002) Don Blas de Lezo: defensor de Cartagena de Indias Editorial Planeta Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia, ISBN 958-42-0326-6, in Spanish

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War of Jenkins' Ear

Tobias Smollett Tobias George Smollett (March 19, 1721 - September 17, 1771) was a Scottish author, best known for his picaresque novels, such as Roderick Random and Peregrine Pickle. ... Julie Roy Jeffrey is Professor of History at Goucher College in Baltimore, Maryland. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...