The War of the League of Cognac (1526–30) was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V—primarily Spain and the Holy Roman Empire—and the League of Cognac, an alliance including France, Pope Clement VII, the Republic of Venice, England, the Duchy of Milan, and Florence. The Italian Wars, sometimes known as the Great Italian Wars, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, all the major states of western Europe (France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, Scotland, the Republic of Venice, the Papal States, and most of the... Portrait of Emperor Charles V The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Genoa (GE) Mayor Giuseppe Pericu (since 2005-05-30) Elevation 20 m Area 243 km² Population  - Total (as of 2006) 620,316  - Density 2,553/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Genovesi Dialing code 010 Postal code 16100 Frazioni Acquasanta, Vesima Patron St. ... The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, States of the Church) was one of the major historical states of Italy before the boot-shaped peninsula was unified under the Piedmontese crown of Savoy (later a republic). ... Map of the Venetian Republic, circa 1000 CE. The republic is in dark red, borders in light red. ... Florences skyline Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... The Duchy of Milan was a state in northern Italy from 1395 to 1797. ... Charles III of Bourbon-Montpensier (February 17, 1490 – 1527 in Rome) was Count of Montpensier and Dauphin of Auvergne. ... Georg von Frundsberg (1473–1528) was a German Knight and landowner. ... Philibert de Châlon (1502-1530) was the last prince of Orange from the house of Châlon. ... Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec (1485 - August 15, 1528) was a French military leader. ... Francesco Ferruccio (or Ferrucci) (1489 – 1530) was a Florentine captain who fought in the Italian Wars. ... Portrait of Giovanni by Gian Paolo Pace, now housed in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. ... Malatesta Baglioni is the name of two Italian condottieri, both member of the noble Baglioni family. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Combatants Republic of Florence Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Papal States Commanders Malatesta Baglioni Prince of Orange The Siege of Florence took place from October 24, 1529 to August 10, 1530, at the end of the War of the League of Cognac. ... Combatants Holy Roman Empire Florence Commanders Philibert of Châlon†, Fabrizio Maramaldo Francesco Ferruccio† Strength Casualties The Battle of Gavinana was fought on August 3, 1530 between the city of Florence and the forces of the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Italian Wars, sometimes known as the Great Italian Wars, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, all the major states of western Europe (France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, Scotland, the Republic of Venice, the Papal States, and most of the... The First Italian War (1494 – 1495) resulted from the invasion of Italy by Charles VIII of France. ... The Second Italian War (1499 – 1503) occured when Louis XII of France invaded Italy, capturing Milan and Naples. ... The War of the League of Cambrai (1508–16), sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names,[1] was a major conflict in the Italian Wars. ... Combatants France, Republic of Venice Spain, Holy Roman Empire, England, Papal States Commanders Francis I of France, Vicomte de Lautrec, Seigneur de Bonnivet â€ , Seigneur de Bayard â€ , Anne de Montmorency Charles V, Charles de Lannoy, Marchese di Pescara, Charles de Bourbon, Prosper Colonna The Italian War of 1521 (1521–26), sometimes... The Italian War of 1535 between Charles V and Francis I of France began with the death of Francesco Maria Sforza, the duke of Milan. ... Combatants France, Ottoman Empire England, Holy Roman Empire, Spain Commanders Strength Casualties The Italian War of 1542 (1542–45) occurred when Francis I of France, allying himself with Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire, launched a final invasion of Italy. ... The Italian War of 1551 (1551–59), sometimes known as the Habsburg-Valois War, began when Henry II of France, who had succeeded Francis to the throne, declared war against Charles V with the intent of recapturing Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... For the antipope (1378–1394) see antipope Clement VII and other Popes named Clement see Pope Clement. ... Map of the Venetian Republic, circa 1000 CE. The republic is in dark red, borders in light red. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... The Duchy of Milan was a state in northern Italy from 1395 to 1797. ... Florences skyline Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ...

Prelude

Shocked by the defeat of the French in the Italian War of 1521, Clement, together with the Republic of Venice, began to organize an alliance to drive the Habsburg powers—Spain and the Holy Roman Empire—from Italy. Francis, having signed the Treaty of Madrid, was released and returned to France, where he quickly announced his intention to assist Clement. Thus, in 1526, the League of Cognac was signed by Francis, Clement, Venice, Florence, and the Sforza of Milan, who desired to throw off the Imperial hegemony over them. Henry VIII of England, thwarted in his desire to have the treaty signed in England, refused to join.^[1] Combatants France, Republic of Venice Spain, Holy Roman Empire, England, Papal States Commanders Francis I of France, Vicomte de Lautrec, Seigneur de Bonnivet â€ , Seigneur de Bayard â€ , Anne de Montmorency Charles V, Charles de Lannoy, Marchese di Pescara, Charles de Bourbon, Prosper Colonna The Italian War of 1521 (1521–26), sometimes... Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. ... Country Italy Region Lombardy Province Milan (MI) Mayor Letizia Moratti Elevation 120 m Area 182 km² Population  - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 1,308,311  - Density 6,988/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Milanesi Dialing code 02 Postal code 20100 Patron St. ... For the play, see Henry VIII (play). ...

Initial moves (1526)

The League quickly seized Lodi, but Imperial troops marched into Lombardy and soon forced Sforza to abandon Milan.^[2] The Colonna, meanwhile, organized an attack on Rome, defeating the Papal forces and briefly seizing control of the city; they were soon paid off and departed, however.^[3] For other places called Lodi, see Lodi. ... The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval and renaissance Rome, supplying one pope and many other leaders, and fighting with their rivals the Orsini family for influence. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 8th century BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1,285 km²  (496. ...

Rome (1527)

Pope Clement VII.

Charles V now gathered a force of landsknechts under Georg Frundsberg and a Spanish army under Charles of Bourbon; the two forces combined at Piacenza and advanced on Rome. Francesco Guicciardini, now in command of the Papal armies, proved unable to resist them;^[4] and when the Duke of Bourbon was killed, his underpaid army sacked the city, forcing the Pope to flee. Image File history File links Pope_Clement_VII.JPG‎ Description: Pope Klemens VII: Source: originally uploaded to en by User:Isis File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Pope Clement VII War of the League of Cognac ... Image File history File links Pope_Clement_VII.JPG‎ Description: Pope Klemens VII: Source: originally uploaded to en by User:Isis File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Pope Clement VII War of the League of Cognac ... Landsknechts (German, Land land, country + Knecht servant: i. ... Georg von Frundsberg (1473–1528) was a German Knight and landowner. ... Piacenza (Placentia in Latin and old-fashioned English, Piasëinsa in the local dialect of Emiliano-Romagnolo) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. ... Guicciardini Francesco Guicciardini (March 6, 1483 - May 22, 1540) was an Italian historian and statesman. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Naples (1527–28)

The destruction of Rome, and the consequent removal of Clement from any real role in the war, prompted frentic action on the part of the French. On April 30, 1527, Henry VIII and Francis signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging to combine their forces against Charles. Francis, having finally drawn Henry VIII into the League, sent an army under Odet de Foix and Pedro Navarro, Count of Oliveto through Genoa—where Andrea Doria had quickly joined the French and seized much of the Genoese fleet—to Naples, where it proceeded to dig itself in for an extended siege.^[5] April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... Events January 5 - Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat River in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church. ... Treaty of Westminster is the title of several treaties, including: Treaty of Westminster (1153) Treaty of Westminster (1461) Treaty of Westminster (1511) Treaty of Westminster (1654); ending the First Anglo-Dutch War Treaty of Westminster (1674); ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War Treaty of Westminster (1755) The Statute of Westminster... Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec (1485 – August 15, 1528) was a French military leader. ... Don Pedro Navarro, Count of Oliveto (es: Pedro Navarro, conde de Oliveto) (Garde, Navarre, c. ... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Genoa (GE) Mayor Giuseppe Pericu (since 2005-05-30) Elevation 20 m Area 243 km² Population  - Total (as of 2006) 620,316  - Density 2,553/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Genovesi Dialing code 010 Postal code 16100 Frazioni Acquasanta, Vesima Patron St. ... Andrea Doria (November 30, 1466-November 25, 1560) was a Genoese condottiero and admiral. ... Country Italy Region Campania Province Naples (NA) Mayor Rosa Russo Jervolino Elevation 17 m Area 117 km² Population  - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 1,000,470  - Density 8,457/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Napoletani Dialing code 081 Postal code 80100 Patron Saint Januarius  - Day September...

Genoa (1528)

Doria, however, soon deserted the French for Charles. The siege collapsed as plague broke out in the French camp, killing most of the army along with Foix and Navarro. Andrea Doria's offensive in Genoa (where he soon broke the blockade of the city and forced the surrender of the French at Savona), together with the decicive defeat of a French relief force under the Duke of St. Pol at the Battle of Landriano, ended Francis's hopes of regaining his hold on Italy.^[6] Country Italy Region Liguria Province Savona (SV) Mayor Federico Berruti Elevation m Area 65 km² Population  - Total (as of December 12, 2004) 61,742  - Density 921/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Savonesi Dialing code 019 Postal code 17100 Frazioni Lavagnola, Légino, Zinola, Santuario Patron Our Lady... Saint-Pol is part of the name of several communes in France: Saint-Pol-de-Léon, in the Finistère département, named after Pol Aurelian, a Celtic saint Saint-Pol-sur-Mer, in the Nord département Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise, in the Pas-de-Calais département...

Barcelona, Cambrai, and Bologna (1529)

Louise of Savoy.

Following the defeat of his armies, Francis sought peace with Charles. The negotiations began in July 1529 in the border city of Cambrai; they were conducted primarily between Francis's mother Louise of Savoy for the French and her sister-in-law, Margaret of Austria for her nephew the Emperor (leading to its being known as the Paix des Dames), Charles himself having sailed from Barcelona to Italy shortly before. The final tems largely mirrored those of the Treaty of Madrid three years earlier; Francis surrendered his rights to Artois, Flanders, and Tournai, and was obliged to pay a ransom of two million golden ecus before his sons were to be released.^[7] Removed, however, were both the humiliating surrender of Burgundy itself and the various points dealing with Charles de Bourbon, who, having been killed two years prior, was no longer a candidate for leading an independent Kingdom of Provence.^[8] The final treaty, signed on August 5, removed France from the war, leaving Venice, Florence, and the Pope alone against Charles. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (786x986, 205 KB) Scanned by Phrood. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (786x986, 205 KB) Scanned by Phrood. ... Cambrai (Dutch: Kamerijk) is a French city and commune, in the Nord département, of which it is a sous_préfecture. ... Louise of Savoy Louise of Savoy (September 11, 1476 – September 22, 1531) was the mother of Francis I of France. ... The Archduchess Margaretha of Austria (10 January 1480 – 1 December 1530) was a Habsburg princess, the daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Mary of Burgundy. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal Postal code 08001-08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Artois is a former province of northern France. ... Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen) has several main meanings: the social, cultural and linguistical, scientific and educational, economical and political community of the Flemings; some prefer to call this the Flemish community (others refer to this as the Flemish nation) which is, with over 6 million inhabitants, the majority of all Belgians... The cathedral of Notre Dame de Tournai Tournai (in Dutch: Doornik) is located 85 kilometers southwest of Brussels on the river Scheldt in the Belgian province of Hainaut. ... ECU may refer to: European Currency Unit Electronic Control Unit or Engine Control Unit East Carolina University Edith Cowan University Extreme Close-up This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ...

Charles, having arrived in Genoa, proceeded to Bologna to meet with the Pope. Clement absolved the participants of the sack of Rome and promised to crown Charles. In return, he received Ravenna and Cervia; cities which the Republic of Venice was forced to surrender—along with her remaining possessions in Apulia—to Charles in exchange for being permitted to retain the holdings she had won at Marignano.^[9] Finally, Francesco was permitted to return to Milan—Charles having abandoned his earlier plan to place Alessandro de' Medici on the throne, in part due to Venetian objections—for the sum of 900,000 scudi.^[10] To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ravenna is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... Cervia is a town in Italy. ... This article is about the Italian region. ... Combatants France, Republic of Venice Duchy of Milan Commanders Francis I, Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, Bartolomeo dAlviano, Louis de la Trémoille Maximilian Sforza, Cardinal Matthaeus Schiner Strength 30,000 Unknown The Battle of Marignano, in the phase of the Italian Wars (1494–1559) that is called the War of... The scudo was a coin used in Italy in past times, whose name derives from the French golden écu, created during the reign of Louis IX. From the 18th century, the name was used in Italy for large silver coins sporting the sovereigns insignas. ...

Florence (1529–30)

Alessandro de' Medici was installed as ruler of Florence by the victorious Imperial troops.

Florence alone continued to resist the Imperial forces, led by the Prince of Orange. A Florentine army under Francesco Ferruccio engaged the Imperials at the Battle of Gavinana in 1530, but although Orange himself was killed, the Imperials won a decisive victory, and the Florentine Republic surrendered ten days later. Alessandro de' Medici was then installed as Duke of Florence. Combatants Republic of Florence Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Papal States Commanders Malatesta Baglioni Prince of Orange The Siege of Florence took place from October 24, 1529 to August 10, 1530, at the end of the War of the League of Cognac. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2487, 334 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Alessandro de Medici, Duke of Florence War of the League of Cognac Siege of Florence (1529-1530) ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2487, 334 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Alessandro de Medici, Duke of Florence War of the League of Cognac Siege of Florence (1529-1530) ... This article is on the first Duke of Florence. ... Florences skyline Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Philibert de Châlon (1502-1530) was the last prince of Orange from the house of Châlon. ... Francesco Ferruccio (or Ferrucci) (1489 – 1530) was a Florentine captain who fought in the Italian Wars. ... Combatants Holy Roman Empire Florence Commanders Philibert of Châlon†, Fabrizio Maramaldo Francesco Ferruccio† Strength Casualties The Battle of Gavinana was fought on August 3, 1530 between the city of Florence and the forces of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Florences skyline Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... This article is on the first Duke of Florence. ...

Notes

References

• Arfaioli, Maurizio. The Black Bands of Giovanni: Infantry and Diplomacy During the Italian Wars (1526–1528). Pisa: Pisa University Press, Edizioni Plus, 2005. ISBN 88-8492-231-3.
• Baumgartner, Frederic J. Louis XII. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. ISBN 0-312-12072-9.
• Black, Jeremy. "Dynasty Forged by Fire." MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History 18, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 34–43. ISSN 1040-5992.
• Blockmans, Wim. Emperor Charles V, 1500–1558. Translated by Isola van den Hoven-Vardon. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-340-73110-9.
• Guicciardini, Francesco. The History of Italy. Translated by Sydney Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984. ISBN 0-691-00800-0.
• Hackett, Francis. Francis the First. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1937.
• Hall, Bert. Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe: Gunpowder, Technology, and Tactics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8018-5531-4.
• Hibbert, Christopher. Florence: The Biography of a City. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1993. ISBN 0-393-03563-8.
• Konstam, Angus. Pavia 1525: The Climax of the Italian Wars. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1996. ISBN 1-85532-504-7.
• Norwich, John Julius. A History of Venice. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. ISBN 0-679-72197-5.
• Oman, Charles. A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century. London: Methuen & Co., 1937.
• Phillips, Charles and Alan Axelrod. Encyclopedia of Wars. 3 vols. New York: Facts on File, 2005. ISBN 0-8160-2851-6.
• Taylor, Frederick Lewis. The Art of War in Italy, 1494–1529. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1973. ISBN 0-8371-5025-6.