Work songs[?], religious songs (such as sato kagura[?], a form of Shintoist music), songs used for various gatherings, such as weddings and funerals, and children's songs (warabeuta[?]).
This developed into a form of ballad called enka, which became quite popular in the 20th century, though its popularity has waned among generations at all most age.
Westernized pop music is called kayokyoku[?], which is said to have begun with "Kachusha no uta" (1914; see 1914 in music).