It has been suggested that Colonial war be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Flag of Mozambique — independent since 1975, with the Kalashnikov as symbol of the armed struggle against the Portuguese empire, the book as symbol of instruction and a farm instrument as symbol of economic growth

Wars of national liberation are conflicts fought by indigenous military groups against an imperial power in the name of self-determination, thus attempting to remove that power's influence, in particular during the decolonization period. They are often founded in guerrilla warfare or asymmetric warfare. Such guerrillas, which may include acts considered as "terrorism" by the opposing state, could hardly win without substantial outside help from another state ^[1]. According to political scientist Gérard Chaliand, all guerrillas aimed against European colonial powers were always a political success, although they may have been in some cases a military defeat. However, according to Gwynne Dyer, the tactics and strategies used against colonial powers were almost invariably failures when used against indigenous regimes. Image File history File links Mergefrom. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Wars of national liberation. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mozambique. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mozambique. ... Avtomat Kalashnikova model 1947 g. ... Guerrilla War redirects here. ... Maximum extent of Portuguese colonial possessions in the 16th century. ... For other uses, see Book (disambiguation). ... Look up instruction in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... World GDP/capita changed very little for most of human history before the industrial revolution. ... The term indigenous people has no universal, standard or fixed definition, but can be used about any ethnic group who inhabit the geographic region with which they have the earliest historical connection. ... This article is about the political and historical term. ... Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. ... Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization refers to the achievement of independence by the various Western colonies and protectorates in Asia and Africa following World War II. This conforms with an intellectual movement known as Post-Colonialism. ... “Guerrilla” redirects here. ... Asymmetric wsexfare originally referred to war between two or more actors, or groups of actors, whose relative power differed by a significant amount. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... Gwynne Dyer, Ph. ...

Bangladesh, which became independent in 1971 due to India's intervention in the war against Pakistan could be considered an exception to this rule. Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States Commanders • Col. ... Combatants India Mukti Bahini Pakistan Commanders Sam Manekshaw J.S. Aurora A. A. K. Niazi # Strength 500,000+ troops 400,000+ troops Casualties 3,843 killed[1] 9,851 wounded[1] c. ...

Strategies and tactics

Wars of national liberation are usually fought using guerilla tactics. The main purpose of these tactics is to increase the political cost of occupation of the colonial power past the point where the colonial power is willing to bear, thereby creating a political settlement. Wars of national liberation generally depend a large amounts of popular support, with ordinary civilians providing crucial intelligence and logistic support. Finally, wars of national liberation are often embedded in a larger context of great power politics and are often proxy wars. Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish (from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ... A proxy war is a war where two powers use third parties as a supplement or a substitute for fighting each other directly. ...

These strategies explain why they are quite successful against colonial regimes and quite unsuccessful against indigenous regimes. Colonial regimes usually have a threshold beyond which they would prefer to go home rather than to fight the war. By contrast an indigenous regime has no place to go to, and will fight much harder because of the lack of alternatives. Moreover, colonial regimes usually have relatively few active supporters, who can often be easily identified, making it possible for guerrilla armies to operate. By contrast, indigenous regimes often have much more popular support, and their supporters are not as easily recognized, making it much harder to conduct guerilla operations. In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ...

Decolonization of the Americas

Main articles: Decolonization of the Americas and South American Wars of Independence

Following the American War of Independence (1775-1783), the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), which led to the proclamation of Haiti as the first independent black republic in 1804, and the wars of independence led in the 1810-1820s by famous Libertadores such as Simón Bolívar in the North and José de San Martín in the South, led to the decolonization of most of the Americas. Brazil's independence was declared in 1822 by Dom Pedro I. Decolonization of the Americas refers to the process by which the countries in North America and South America gained their independence. ... Because Spain was virtually cut off from its colonies during the Peninsular War of 1808–1814, Latin America was, in these years, ruled by independent juntas. ... This article is about military actions only. ... Combatants Haiti France Commanders Toussaint LOuverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines Charles Leclerc, vicomte de Rochambeau, Napoleon Bonaparte Strength Regular army: <55,000, Volunteers: <100,000 Regular army: 60,000, 86 warships and frigates Casualties Military deaths: unknown, Civilian deaths: <100,000 Military deaths: 57,000 (37,000 combat; 20,000... Libertadores (Spanish and Portuguese for Liberators) refers to the leaders of the revolutions which gained the nations of Latin America independence from Spain and Portugal. ... “Bolívar” redirects here. ... José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South Americas successful struggle for independence from Spain. ... Pedro I of Brazil (pron. ...

National liberation wars of the decolonization period

Further information: Decolonization  and Colonialism

The first separatist rebellion within the former British Empire not to end in defeat since the American Revolutionary War was the Irish War of Independence of 1919-1921 which led to the renewed independence of most of Ireland (26 counties out of 32). This was the first of many later successful anti-colonial rebellions during the 20th century. The First Indochina War (1946-54), the Algerian War of Independence (1954-62) and the Vietnam War (1959-75) were some of the most famous national liberation wars. The African National Congress (ANC)'s struggle against the apartheid regime is also part of these wars. These wars were in part supported by the Soviet Union, which claimed to be an anti-imperialist power. In fact, since the 1917 October Revolution, the revolutionary objectives of communism were shared by many anticolonialist leaders, thus explaining the objective alliance between anticolonialist forces and Marxism. The concept of "imperialism" itself had been which had theorized in Lenin's famous 1916 book, Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. For example, Ho Chi Minh — who founded the Viet-Minh in 1941 and declared the independence of Vietnam on September 2, 1945, following the 1945 August Revolution — was a founding member of the French Communist Party (PCF) in 1921. In January 1961, over three years before the Gulf of Tonkin incident which would mark the United States' increased involvement in the Vietnamese conflict, Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev would pledge support for "wars of national liberation" throughout the world. In the same decade, Cuba, led by Fidel Castro, would support national liberation movements in Angola and Mozambique. The Portuguese colonial wars finally led to the recognition of Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau as independent states in 1975, following the April Carnation Revolution. Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization refers to the achievement of independence by the various Western colonies and protectorates in Asia and Africa following World War II. This conforms with an intellectual movement known as Post-Colonialism. ... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... This article is about military actions only. ... Combatants Irish Republic United Kingdom Commanders Michael Collins Richard Mulcahy Cathal Brugha Important local IRA leaders Henry Hugh Tudor Strength Irish Republican Army c. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901&#8211;2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900&#8211;1999... Combatants French Union France State of Vietnam Cambodia Laos Viet Minh Commanders French Expeditionary Corps Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (1945-46) Jean-Étienne Valluy (1946-8) Roger Blaizot (1948-9) Marcel-Maurice Carpentier (1949-50) Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (1950-51) Raoul Salan (1952-3) Henri Navarre (1953-4... Combatants FLN (1954-62) MNA (1954-62) France (1954-62) FAF (1960-61) OAS (1961-62) Commanders Mostefa Benboulaïd Ferhat Abbas Hocine Aït Ahmed Ahmed Ben Bella Krim Belkacem Larbi Ben MHidi Rabah Bitat Mohamed Boudiaf Messali Hadj General Jacques Massu General Maurice Challe Bachaga Said Boualam... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... For political parties with similar names in other countries, see Northern Rhodesian African National Congress and Zambian African National Congress. ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ... Anti-imperialism is a current within the political left advocating the collapse of imperialism. ... For other uses, see October Revolution (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Revolution (disambiguation). ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... Cecil Rhodes: Cape-Cairo railway project. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: &#1042;&#1083;&#1072;&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1084;&#1080;&#1088; &#1048;&#1083;&#1100;&#1080;&#769;&#1095; &#1051;&#1077;&#769;&#1085;&#1080;&#1085;  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (&#1059;&#1083;&#1100;&#1103;&#769;&#1085;&#1086;&#1074;) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 &#8211; January 21, 1924), was a... For the city named after him, see Ho Chi Minh City. ... The Viet Minh flag The Việt Minh   (abbreviated from Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Há»™i, English League for the Independence of Vietnam) was a communist revolutionary national liberation movement formed by Hồ Chí Minh in 1941 to seek independence for Vietnam from France as well... is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... On August 19, 1945 Vietnamese Communist forces led by Hồ Chí Minh began the August Revolution (Vietnamese: Cách mạng tháng Tám). ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Chart showing the U.S. Navys interpretation of the events of the first part of the Gulf of Tonkin incident The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was an alleged pair of attacks by naval forces of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (commonly referred to as North Vietnam) against two American... Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: , Nikita Sergeevič Chruščiov; IPA: , in English, , or , occasionally ); surname more accurately romanized as Khrushchyov[1]; April 17 [O.S. April 5] 1894[2]–September 11, 1971) was the chief director of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ... Combatants Portugal Angola: MPLA, UNITA, FNLA Guinea-Bissau: PAIGC Mozambique: FRELIMO Strength  ?  ? Casualties  ?  ? The Portuguese Colonial War, Ultramar War (Overseas War) or, among some guerrilla sympathizers, Guinea-Bissauan Revolution, was fought between Portugals military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugals African colonies between 1961 and 1974. ... The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese, Revolução dos Cravos) was an almost bloodless, leftist, military-led coup détat, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, that effectively changed the Portuguese regime from an authoritarian dictatorship to a liberal democracy after two years of a transitional period known as PREC...

On-going national liberation conflicts

The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page.

The following current conflicts have sometimes been characterized as wars or struggles of national liberation: Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ...

• Some Chechens, and some Muslims, consider the First and Second Chechen Wars to be wars of national liberation against Russia.
• Some Iraqi insurgent groups, and certain political groups believe that the Iraq War is a war of national liberation against the US-led coalition.
• The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the official representative of the Palestinian people, was recognized as a national liberation movement by the United Nations when it was granted observer status in the United Nations General Assembly in 1974.^[2][3]
• The Polisario Front has sought the independence of Western Sahara since 1975 and considered its guerilla war against Morocco as national liberation war, while Morocco considered it a secessionist movement. The hostilities are frozen since the 1991 cease-fire following the settlement plan agreement.
• As a result of the politics of the former Yugoslavia, a group of ethnic-Albanian politicians in Kosovo declared (on 2 July 1990) an independent "Republic of Kosovo" from the Republic of Serbia's Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. After the dissolution of SFRY, an unofficial referendum was held for independence in 1992 that passed and began a conflict between the Albanian separatists led by the Kosovo Liberation Army and the Yugoslav military and paramilitary armed forces. This lasted until 1999 when a peace was brokered and the province came under UN administration under the terms of UNSCR 1244. International negotiations between Pristina and Belgrade are in progress on the future status of Kosovo. The conflict would only count as a war of national liberation if you exclude the fact that an Albanian state already exists, and that ethnic-Albanians in Kosovo seek their own separate nationhood.

This article covers the Chechen people as an ethnic group, not Chechen meaning citizens of Chechnya. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Combatants Russian Federation Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Commanders Pavel Grachev Anatoly Kulikov Konstantin Pulikovsky Anatoliy Romanov Vyacheslav Tikhomirov Gennady Troshev Dzhokhar Dudayev  â€  Aslan Maskhadov Strength (December 11, 1994) Up to 50,000 soldiers and Interior Ministry (MVD) (December 11, 1994) 3,000 to 15,000[1] Casualties Military: At least... Combatants Russian Federation Pro-Russian Chechens Republic of Ichkeria Caucasian insurgents and foreign fighters Commanders Vladimir Putin Akhmad Kadyrov† Ramzan Kadyrov Aslan Maskhadov† Abdul Halim Sadulayev† Doku Umarov Shamil Basayev† Strength At least 93,000 in Chechnya in 1999. ... For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Multinational Force Iraq. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic: ;   or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a multi-party confederation and is the organization regarded since 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. ... For other uses of Palestinian, see Definitions of Palestine and Palestinian. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The United Nations General Assembly (GA) is one of the five principal organs of the United Nations. ... The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and [[Río de Oro]]) is a Sahrawi rebel movement working for the separation... Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Serbia and Montenegro  -Serbia    -Kosovo and Metohia    -Vojvodina  -Montenegro Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Area  - Total  - % water 88,361 km² n/a Population  - Total (1998)  - Density 11,206,847 126. ... For other uses of the name Kosovo, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës. ... The United Nations Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is an interim civilian administration of the Serbian province (as part of Serbia and Montenegro) called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), under the authority of the United Nations. ... Prishtinë/Prishtina (Albanian indefinite/definite form) or Pri&#353;tina (&#1055;&#1088;&#1080;&#1096;&#1090;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;) (Serbian) is the capital city of Kosovo, a landlocked province of Serbia located at 42°65&#8242; N 21°17&#8242; E. It is estimated that the current population of Prishtina is... For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ...

Conflicts

Conflicts which have been described as wars of national liberation:

• Explicit wars of decolonization:
  • the Philippine Revolution
  • In Vietnam, by the Viet Minh against France (also, during World War II, against Japan) and later against the United States in the Vietnam War.
  • the Indonesian National Revolution
  • the Palestinian War of independence against Israel
  • The Madagascar revolt against the French in 1947
  • In Algeria, by the FLN and MNA against France
  • In Angola (MPLA, FNLA, UNITA), Mozambique (FRELIMO), Guinea-Bissau (PAIGC, FLING), and Cape Verde (PAIGC) against Portugal
  • In Cameroon, by the UPC against France
  • In South Yemen by various nationalist organizations against Britain
  • the Mau Mau revolt in British-ruled Kenya
  • the Second Chimurenga in Zimbabwe, led by ZANU and ZAPU
  • In Western Sahara, by the Saharan Liberation Army against Spain and by the Polisario Front against Morocco
  • In Namibia, by SWAPO and SWANU against apartheid South Africa
  • the Dhofar Rebellion in Muscat and Oman
  • the Brunei Revolt
• In Ireland, against the British in Northern Ireland by the Provisional Irish Republican Army from 1969 until 1998. The Provisional IRA and other Irish Republican groups aimed and still aim to reunite both of Ireland's separate entities Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland as a completely independent and unified democratic socialist republic.
• In Nicaragua, by the Sandinistas against the United States-backed government.
• In Chad, by FROLINAT against the Tombalbaye dictatorship
• In South Africa, by Umkhonto we Sizwe and Poqo.
• In China, the Second Sino-Japanese War against Japanese subjugation of China.
• the Bangladesh Liberation War
• the Eritrean War of Independence against Ethiopia
• In West Papua, by the Organisasi Papua Merdeka
• In Bougainville, by the Bougainville Revolutionary Army
• In Canada during 1837 and in subsequent years English Canadian and French Canadian reformers of William Lyon Mackenzie and the patriotes of Louis Joseph Papineau fought the British Empire for the independence of Canada. See Rebellions of 1837

Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization refers to the achievement of independence by the various Western colonies and protectorates in Asia and Africa following World War II. This conforms with an intellectual movement known as Post-Colonialism. ... Combatants Filipino independence movement Spanish Empire Commanders Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines Strength 80,000 soldiers unknown Casualties unknown unknown The Philippine Revolution (1896—1898) was an armed conflict between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan, which sought Philippine independence from Spain. ... The Viet Minh (abbreviated from Vi&#7879;t Nam &#7897;c L&#7853;p &#7891;ng Minh H&#7897;i, League for the Independence of Vietnam) was formed by Ho Ngoc Lam and Nguyen Hai Than in 1941 to seek independence for Vietnam from France. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ... The Madagascar revolt was an attempted revolution against the French by nationalists on the island of Madagascar between 1947 and 1948. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Liberation Front , (Arabic: Jabhat al-TaḩrÄ«r al-WaÅ£anÄ«, French: Front de Libération Nationale aka FLN) is a socialist political party in Algeria. ... The Mouvement National Algérien (Arabic: ‎) or MNA (French, Algerian National Movement) was a socialist organization working for the independence of Algeria from France. ... The MPLA flag The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Movimiento Popular de Libertação de Angola) is an Angolan political party that has ruled the country since independence in 1975. ... External links Party website Categories: Politics stubs | Angolan political parties ... A UNITA sticker The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, commonly known by the acronymn, UNITA, derived from its Portuguese name União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola, is an Angolan political faction and a former rebel force. ... The Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO, pronounced fray-LEE-moo; Portuguese: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) is a political party that has ruled Mozambique since independence in 1975. ... The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (Portuguese: Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde), or PAIGC, was an organisation founed in Portuguese Guinea (today Guinea-Bissau) by the Marxist Amílcar Cabral in 1956, with the aim of achieving independence for Cape... Frente de Luta pela Independência Nacional da Guiné (Struggle Front for the National Independence of Guinea), a political movement in Guinea-Bissau. ... The Union of the Peoples of Cameroon (French: Union des Populations du Cameroun) is a political party in Cameroon. ... Capital Aden Language(s) Arabic Government Socialist republic President Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas Prime Minister Yasin Said Numan Historical era Cold War  - Independence November 30, 1967  - UN membership December 14, 1967  - Constitution October 31, 1978  - Reunification May 22, 1990 Area  - 1990 332,970 km² Population  - 1990 est. ... The Mau Mau Uprising was an insurgency by Kenyan rebels against the British colonial administration from 1952 to 1960. ... The Second Chimurenga was a conflict in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) between the white minority government of Ian Smith and the black nationalists of the ZANU and ZAPU movements, led by Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo respectively. ... The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesias, ultimately Zimbabwes, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU. It won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and eight years later merged again with Joshua Nkomos ZAPU to form Zanu... The Zimbabwe African Peoples Union was a political party in Zimbabwe. ... The Ifni War, also known as the 1957 Invasion of Spanish Sahara and, in Spain, the Forgotten War (la Guerra Ignorada), was a series of armed incursions into Spanish West Africa by Moroccan insurgents and indigenous Sahrawi rebels that began in October 1957 and culminated with the abortive siege of... The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and [[Río de Oro]]) is a Sahrawi rebel movement working for the separation... The South-West Africa Peoples Organisation (SWAPO) was founded, along with a number of other groups, as a liberation organisation: following the first world war, South-West Africa &#8212; formerly a German colony &#8212; was turned over to South Africa to rule as a mandate for the British. ... The South West Africa National Union (SWANU) is the oldest political party in Namibia, formed in 1959. ... Petty apartheid: sign on Durban beach in English, Afrikaans and Zulu Apartheid, which means separateness or apart-ness in Afrikaans, was a system of racial segregation that operated in South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s. ... Combatants Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (with British, Iranian and Jordanian assistance) Dhofar Liberation Front (DLF) Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf (PFLOAG) Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO) Strength Sultan of Omans Armed Forces (10000) Firqats irregular groups (1800) Iranian army... Muscat and Oman (Arabic:مسقط وعمان) was a country that encompassed the present day Sultanate of Oman and parts of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). ... Combatants United Kingdom Australia New Zealand Malaya Brunei Parti Rakyat Brunei Indonesia Commanders General Sir Nigel Poett Yassin Affandi Strength  ?  ? Casualties  ?  ? The Brunei Revolt broke out on December 8, 1962 and was led by Yassin Affandi and his armed rebels. ... The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Irish: Óglaigh na hÉireann) (IRA; also referred to as the PIRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the Army or the RA.[2]) is an Irish Republican, left wing[3] paramilitary organisation that, until the Belfast Agreement, sought to end Northern... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: ) is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ... Sandinista! is also the name of a popular music album by The Clash. ... This article is currently being translated from an original article in Catalan. ... François (Ngarta) Tombalbaye (June 15, 1918 - April 13, 1975) was the first president of Chad. ... For other uses of Umkhonto, see Umkhonto (disambiguation) Umkhonto we Sizwe (or MK), translated Spear of the Nation, was the military wing of the African National Congress (ANC). ... Poqo, which means standing alone, was the military wing of the Pan Africanist Congress. ... Combatants China Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, Xue Yue, Bai Chongxi, Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai Hirohito, Hideki Tojo, Kotohito Kanin, Matsui Iwane, Hajime Sugiyama, Shunroku Hata, Toshizo Nishio, Yasuji Okamura, Umezu Yoshijiro, Fumimaro Konoe Strength 58,600,000 4,100,000... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States Commanders • Col. ... Combatants ELF EPLF Ethiopia Cuba Soviet Union Commanders Isaias Afewerki Haile Selassie Mengistu Haile Mariam Casualties 65,000 (offical state figure) Up to 500,000 The Eritrean War of Independence started on 1 September 1961 when Hamid Idris Awate and his companions fired the first shots against the occupying Ethiopian... Map showing West New Guinea region The region of West New Guinea is the western half of the island of New Guinea or Papua, and has also been known as Irian Jaya or West Papua. ... The Free Papua Movement (Indonesian: Organisasi Papua Merdeka, abbreviated OPM) is a nationalist organization established in 1965 with the goal of establishing an independent state in the western portion of the island of Papua, which is currently under Indonesian control as the provinces of Papua and West Irian Jaya. ... Location of North Solomons (Bougainville) Province in Papua New Guinea This article is about the island; Bougainville is also the name of a commune in the Somme département of France. ... The Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) was formed in 1988 by Bougainvilleans seeking independence from Papua New Guinea (PNG). ... English Canada is a term used to describe either: the anglophone residents of Canada or the Canadian provinces other than Quebec and, sometimes, New Brunswick, in which French is an official language of the provincial governments. ... French Canadian is a term that has several different connotations. ... William Lyon Mackenzie (March 12, 1795 – August 28, 1861) was a Scottish-Canadian journalist, politician, and leader of an unsuccessful rebellion. ... Flag used by the Patriotes between 1832 and 1838 The Lower Canada Rebellion is the name given to the armed conflict between the rebels of Lower Canada (now Quebec) and the British colonial power of that province. ... Portrait of Louis-Joseph Papineau. ... The Rebellions of 1837 were a pair of Canadian armed uprisings that occurred in 1837 and 1838 in response to frustrations in political reform and ethnic conflict. ...

References

1. ^ See for example Gérard Chaliand various books; French interview here
2. ^ Security Council. WorldMUN2007 - United Nations Security Council (26 March - 30 March 2007). Retrieved on 07.31.2007.
3. ^ {{cite web}title=Sovereignty Is No Longer Sacrosanct:Codifying Humanitarian Intervention|author=Jarat Chopra et al.|publisher=Humanitarianism and War Project|accessdate=2007-08-21|url=http://hwproject.tufts.edu/publications/electronic/e_sinls.html}}

This article does not cite its references or sources. ... “Security Council” redirects here. ...

See also

• War of Independence
• Clausewitz's On War (1832) ("war is the continuation of politics by other means")
• colonialism & chronology of colonialism
• civil war
• Hukbalahap
• independence
• guerrilla warfare
• insurgency and counter-insurgency
• List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
• Peninsular War